一、前言
oracle 创建表时,表名称会自动转换成大写,oracle 对表名称的大小写不敏感。
oracle 表命名规则:
1、必须以字母开头
2、长度不能超过30个字符
3、避免使用 Oracle 的关键字
4、只能使用A-Z、a-z、0-9、_#S
二、语法
2.1 创建表 create table
-- 创建表: student_info 属主: scott (默认当前用户)
create table scott.student_info (
sno number(10) constraint pk_si_sno primary key,
sname varchar2(10),
sex varchar2(2),
create_date date
);
-- 添加注释
comment on table scott.student_info is '学生信息表';
comment on column scott.student_info.sno is '学号';
comment on column scott.student_info.sname is '姓名';
comment on column scott.student_info.sex is '性别';
comment on column scott.student_info.create_date is '创建日期';
-- 语句授权,如:给 hr 用户下列权限
grant select, insert, update, delete on scott.student_info to hr;
插入验证数据:
-- 插入数据
insert into scott.student_info (sno, sname, sex, create_date)
values (1, '张三', '男', sysdate);
insert into scott.student_info (sno, sname, sex, create_date)
values (2, '李四', '女', sysdate);
insert into scott.student_info (sno, sname, sex, create_date)
values (3, '王五', '男', sysdate);
-- 修改
update scott.student_info si
set si.sex = '女'
where si.sno = 3;
-- 删除
delete scott.student_info si where si.sno = 1;
-- 提交
commit;
-- 查询
select * from scott.student_info;
2.2 修改表 alter table
1. '增加' 一列或者多列
alter table scott.student_info add address varchar2(50);
alter table scott.student_info add (id_type varchar2(2), id_no varchar2(10));
2. '修改' 一列或者多列
(1) 数据类型
alter table scott.student_info modify address varchar2(100);
alter table scott.student_info modify (id_type varchar(20), id_no varchar2(20));
(2) 列名
alter table scott.student_info rename column address to new_address;
(3) 表名
alter table scott.student_info rename to new_student_info ;
alter table scott.new_student_info rename to student_info;
3. '删除' 一列或者多列,删除多列时,不需要关键字 column
alter table scott.student_info drop column sex;
alter table scott.student_info drop (id_type, id_no);
2.3 删除表 drop table
-- 删除表结构
drop table scott.student_info;
2.4 清空表 truncate table
-- 清空表数据
truncate table scott.student_info;
2.5 查询表、列、备注信息
权限从大到小: 'dba_xx' > all_xx > user_xx ('dba_xx' DBA 用户才有权限)
1. 查询表信息 select * from dba_tables; -- all_tables、user_tables
2. 查询表的备注信息 select * from dba_tab_comments;
3. 查询列信息 select * from dba_tab_cols t order by t.column_id;
4. 查询列的备注信息 select * from dba_col_comments;