HttpServletRequest

javax.servlet.http.HttpServletRequest接口：
- HttpServletRequest是Servlet规范重要接口之一。
- 继承ServletReuest.
- HttpServletRequest接口的实现类由web容器实现。封装了Http请求协议的全部内容。
- HttpServletRequest生命周期短暂，只在一次请求中有效。

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接口中常用方法：

• String getParameter(String name);通过key获取value这个一维数组的首元素。
• String[] getParameterValues(String name);通过map集合获取value
• Map<String, String[]> getParameterMap();获取整个map集合
• Enumeration<String> getParameterNames();获取整个map集合的key
• getContextPath()
• getMethod()
• getRequestURI()
• getRequestURL()
• getServletPath
• getRemoteAddr
• Object getAttribute(String var1); 向HttpServletRequest获取数据
• void setAttribute(String var1, Object var2);向HttpServletRequest添加数据
• void removeAttribute(String var1); 向HttpServletRequest删除数据
  -RequestDispatcher getRequestDispatcher（String path）;转发器

/**
 * Created by King on 2017/5/2.
 */
@WebServlet(value ="/a")
public class Myservlet extends HttpServlet {
    @Override
    protected void doGet(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response) throws ServletException, IOException {
        response.setContentType("text/html;charset=UTF-8");
        PrintWriter out = response.getWriter();
        //获取上下文路径（webapp下）
        String contextPath = request.getContextPath();
        out.print("上下文路径 = " + contextPath);
        out.print("<br>");
        //获取浏览器请求方式
        String method = request.getMethod();
        out.print("method = " + method);
        out.print("<br>");
        //获取请求的URI
        String requestURI = request.getRequestURI();
        out.print("requestURI = " + requestURI);
        out.print("<br>");
        //获取请求的URL
        String requestURL = request.getRequestURL().toString();
        out.print("requestURL = " + requestURL);
        out.print("<br>");
        //获取servlet path
        String servletPath = request.getServletPath();
        out.print("servletPath = " + servletPath);
        out.print("<br>");
        //获取客户端IP地址
        String remoteAddr = request.getRemoteAddr();
        System.out.print(remoteAddr);
        //执行A，跳转到B，将A和B执行放到同一个请求中，
        //必须使用转发forward. 
        //获取请求转发器对象（以下转发器，指向了B servlet）
        RequestDispatcher requestDispatcher = request.getRequestDispatcher("/b");
        //调用请求转发器完成跳转
        requestDispatcher.forward(request,response );
    }
}

上下文路径 = /servlet
method = GET
requestURI = /servlet/a
requestURL = http://localhost:8080/servlet/a
servletPath = /a