java文件操作之Path,Paths,Files

Java7中文件IO发生了很大的变化，专门引入了很多新的类：

• 
  
• import java.nio.file.DirectoryStream;
• import java.nio.file.FileSystem;
• import java.nio.file.FileSystems;
• import java.nio.file.Files;
• import java.nio.file.Path;
• import java.nio.file.Paths;
• import java.nio.file.attribute.FileAttribute;
• import java.nio.file.attribute.PosixFilePermission;
• import java.nio.file.attribute.PosixFilePermissions;
  

在以前的操作中，主要通过File构造一个文件，然后将File作为入参，获取输入流等操作。Api的操作不是很流畅。在新的文件IO中，用Path取代了File，用Files作为一个操作类，并且封装了很多非常实用的Api,看完下面的示例，就会有一个新的理解。

package filespaths;

import org.junit.Test;

import java.io.*;
import java.net.URI;
import java.nio.charset.StandardCharsets;
import java.nio.file.FileSystems;
import java.nio.file.Files;
import java.nio.file.Path;
import java.nio.file.Paths;
import java.nio.file.attribute.PosixFilePermission;
import java.util.HashSet;
import java.util.List;
import java.util.Set;
import java.util.stream.Stream;

/**
 * @Author kingboy
 * @Date 2017/4/13 11:05
 * @Description Path is used to Path Sample
 * @email kingboyworld@163.com
 */
public class PathTest {

    private static String separator = File.separator;

    /**
     * 构建Path
     */
    @Test
    public void constructon(){
        //1.Paths
        Path path = Paths.get("/Users/kingboy/Desktop/");
        Path path1 = Paths.get(URI.create("/Users/kingboy/Desktop/"));
        //2.FileSystems
        Path path2 = FileSystems.getDefault().getPath("/Users/kingboy/Desktop/");
        //3.File
        Path path3 = new File("/Users/kingboy/Desktop/").toPath();
    }

    /**
     * 创建一个空文件/文件夹
     * @throws IOException
     */
    @Test
    public void create() throws IOException {
        //文件夹
        Path path = Paths.get("/Users/kingboy/Desktop/hello");
        if(!Files.exists(path)){
            Files.createDirectory(path);
            //创建多个目录
            //Files.createDirectories(path);
        }

        //文件
        Path path1 = Paths.get("/Users/kingboy/Desktop/helloFile");
        if(Files.exists(path1)){
            Files.createFile(path1);
        }

    }


    /**
     * 文件属性
     */
    @Test
    public void getFileProperties() throws IOException {
        Path path = Paths.get("/Users/kingboy/Desktop/text.txt");
        System.out.println(Files.getLastModifiedTime(path));//最后修改时间
        System.out.println(Files.getOwner(path));//拥有者
        System.out.println(Files.getPosixFilePermissions(path));//权限
        System.out.println(Files.size(path));//文件大小
    }

    /**
     * 读取一个文本文件
     */
    @Test
    public void readText() throws IOException {
        Path path = Paths.get("/Users/kingboy/Desktop/text.txt");
        //通过bufferedReader读取
        BufferedReader bufferedReader = Files.newBufferedReader(path, StandardCharsets.UTF_8);//文件编码
        StringBuilder sb = new StringBuilder();
        String tempString = null;
        while ((tempString = bufferedReader.readLine())!=null){
            sb = sb.append(tempString);
        }
        System.out.println(sb);
        //通过Files方法readAllLines
        List<String> strings = Files.readAllLines(path);
        strings.forEach(s -> System.out.print(s));

        //输出结果
        //adsfasdfasdfadsfasdfgsdfsdffsdfsdf
        //adsfasdfasdfadsfasdfgsdfsdffsdfsdf
    }

    /**
     * 拿到文件输入流
     * @throws IOException
     */
    @Test
    public void getInputStream() throws IOException {
        Path path = Paths.get("/Users/kingboy/Desktop/text.txt");
        InputStream inputStream = Files.newInputStream(path);

    }

    /**
     * 文件写操作
     */
    @Test
    public void writeFile() throws IOException {
        Path path = Paths.get("/Users/kingboy/Desktop/writeFile");
        BufferedWriter bufferedWriter = Files.newBufferedWriter(path);
        String str = "write file test";
        bufferedWriter.write(str);
        bufferedWriter.flush();
        bufferedWriter.close();
    }

    /**
     * 遍历一个文件夹
     */
    @Test
    public void traverseDirectory() throws IOException {
        Path path = Paths.get("/Users/kingboy/Desktop/");
        Stream<Path> list = Files.list(path);
        list.forEach(p -> {
            System.out.println(p.getFileName());
        });
    }

    /**
     * 遍历文件树
     */
    @Test
    public void traverseTree() throws IOException {
        Path path = Paths.get("/Users/kingboy/Desktop/");
        Stream<Path> walk = Files.walk(path);
        walk.forEach(path1 -> {
//            System.out.println(path1.getRoot());//根目录
            System.out.println(path1.getFileName());//文件名
//            System.out.println(path1.getParent());//上级目录
//            System.out.println(path1.getFileSystem());//文件系统

        });

        //还有种方式Files.walkFileTree()
    }

    /**
     * 文件复制
     */

    @Test
    public void copyFile() throws IOException {
        Path path = Paths.get("/Users/kingboy/Desktop/text.txt");
        Path path2 = Paths.get("/Users/kingboy/Desktop/hello.txt");
        Files.copy(path,path2);
    }

    /**
     * 读取权限见上面示例，设置权限
     */
    @Test
    public void writePermission() throws IOException {
        Path path = Paths.get("/Users/kingboy/Desktop/text.txt");
        Set<PosixFilePermission> permissionSet = new HashSet<>();
        permissionSet.add(PosixFilePermission.GROUP_WRITE);
        permissionSet.add(PosixFilePermission.OWNER_EXECUTE);
        Files.setPosixFilePermissions(path,permissionSet);
    }


    //还有很多其他操作Api,自己查看方法名，很容易就能分辨出功能。


}