本文主要基于官方文档Go Concurrency Patterns: Context以及视频Advanced Go Concurrency Patterns的学习而得。
背景
在go服务器中,对于每个请求的request都是在单独的goroutine中进行的,处理一个request也可能设计多个goroutine之间的交互, 使用context可以使开发者方便的在这些goroutine里传递request相关的数据、取消goroutine的signal或截止日期。
Context结构
// A Context carries a deadline, cancelation signal, and request-scoped values
// across API boundaries. Its methods are safe for simultaneous use by multiple
// goroutines.
type Context interface {
// Done returns a channel that is closed when this Context is canceled
// or times out.
Done() <-chan struct{}
// Err indicates why this context was canceled, after the Done channel
// is closed.
Err() error
// Deadline returns the time when this Context will be canceled, if any.
Deadline() (deadline time.Time, ok bool)
// Value returns the value associated with key or nil if none.
Value(key interface{
}) interface{
}
}
Done 方法在Context被取消或超时时返回一个close的channel,close的channel可以作为广播通知,告诉给context相关的函数要停止当前工作然后返回。
当一个父operation启动一个goroutine用于子operation,这些子operation不能够取消父operation。下面描述的WithCancel函数提供一种方式可以取消新创建的Context.
Context可以安全的被多个goroutine使用。开发者可以把一个Context传递给任意多个goroutine然后cancel这个context的时候就能够通知到所有的goroutine。
Err方法返回context为什么被取消。
Deadline返回context何时会超时。
Value返回context相关的数据。
继承的Context
BackGround
// Background returns an empty Context. It is never canceled, has no deadline,
// and has no values. Background is typically used in main, init, and tests,
// and as the top-level Context for incoming requests.
func Background() Context
BackGound是所有Context的root,不能够被cancel。
WithCancel
// WithCancel returns a copy of parent whose Done channel is closed as soon as
// parent.Done is closed or cancel is called.
func WithCancel(parent Context) (ctx Context, cancel CancelFunc)
WithCancel返回一个继承的Context,这个Context在父Context的Done被关闭时关闭自己的Done通道,或者在自己被Cancel的时候关闭自己的Done。
WithCancel同时还返回一个取消函数cancel,这个cancel用于取消当前的Context。
视频Advanced Go Concurrency Patterns中的第一个关于WithCancel的样例代码,本人有所修改
package