python 中给class动态绑定属性和方法

python 中给class动态绑定属性和方法

---

• 给实例绑定属性：
  可以这样写：

In [22]: class Hello(object):
    ...:     def say(self,str='world'):
    ...:         print('hello:'+str)
    ...:         

In [23]: Hi=Hello()

In [24]: Hi.say('wangorg')
hello:wangorg

In [25]: Hi.name='wangorg'

In [26]: Hi.name
Out[26]: 'wangorg'

• 但是给实例绑定方法的时候：

In [29]: def SAY(strs=''):
    ...:     print('emmmmm....'+strs)
    ...:     

In [30]: Hi.SAY=SAY

In [31]: Hi.SAY()
emmmmm....

In [32]: def HaHa(self):
    ...:     print('hahaha')
    ...:     

In [33]: Hi.haha=HaHa

In [34]: Hi.haha()
Traceback (most recent call last):

  File "<ipython-input-34-7c169b9f9daa>", line 1, in <module>
    Hi.haha()

TypeError: HaHa() missing 1 required positional argument: 'self'


In [35]: Hi.haha(Hi)
hahaha

也就是说 ，给实例动态绑定方法的时候，可以不用加self参数

• 给对象绑定属性和方法：
  可以这样写：

In [45]: def say1():
    ...:     print('say1')
    ...:  
In [46]: Hello.say1=say1
In [47]: Hello.say1()
say1

In [52]: Hello.haha=HaHa
In [54]: z=Hello()

In [55]: z.haha()
hahaha

In [56]: z.say1()
Traceback (most recent call last):

  File "<ipython-input-56-01536cc86bee>", line 1, in <module>
    z.say1()

TypeError: say1() takes 0 positional arguments but 1 was given


In [57]: z.SAY()
Traceback (most recent call last):

  File "<ipython-input-57-edd8f061827c>", line 1, in <module>
    z.SAY()

  File "<ipython-input-29-2541ec6da779>", line 2, in SAY
    print('emmmmm....'+strs)

TypeError: must be str, not Hello

In [58]: Hello.haha()
Traceback (most recent call last):

  File "<ipython-input-58-27e23b6ea8da>", line 1, in <module>
    Hello.haha()

TypeError: HaHa() missing 1 required positional argument: 'self'


In [59]: Hello.haha(Hello)
hahaha

也就是说，给对象绑定的方法，如果给实例用的话，需要一个self如果是对象用的话，有和没有都可以，只是有self的时候，需要手动传入一个参数

• __slots__的使用
  __slots__是为了限定给实例动态绑定方法的

In [1]: class Person(object):
   ...:     __slots__=('name','age','eat')
   ...:     
   ...:     

In [2]: XX=Person()

In [3]: XX.name='xiaoxiao'

In [4]: XX.age=19

In [5]: XX.grade=98
Traceback (most recent call last):

  File "<ipython-input-5-cd4b1976feca>", line 1, in <module>
    XX.grade=98

AttributeError: 'Person' object has no attribute 'grade'


In [6]: setattr(XX,'grade',98)
Traceback (most recent call last):

  File "<ipython-input-6-e5a948bf8f0e>", line 1, in <module>
    setattr(XX,'grade',98)

AttributeError: 'Person' object has no attribute 'grade'

• 但是，如果这么写：

In [1]: class Person(object):
   ...:     pass
   ...: 

In [2]: Person.__slots__=('name','age','eat')

In [3]: XX=Person()

In [4]: XX.name='xiaoxiao'

In [5]: XX.grade=98

In [6]: Person.gt='gt'

In [7]: XX.grade
Out[7]: 98

In [8]: XX.gt
Out[8]: 'gt'

也就是说，动态的给class绑定__slots__属性，并不起作用

* 更好的讲解请看廖大神的python教程*