Kubernetes kube-admin部署安装

目录

一.环境配置

1.机器部署

2.部署流程

(1)在所有节点安装docker和kubeadm

(2)部署kubernetes Master

(3)部署容器网络插件

(4)部署kubernets Node,将节点加入Kubernetes集群中

(5)部署Dashboard Web页面,可视化查看Kubernetes资源

(6)部署Harbor私有仓库,存放镜像资源

二.配置基本环境

1.所有节点关闭防火墙核心防护以及关闭swap交换

2.所有节点安装docker

3.所有节点安装kubeadm,kubelet和kubectl

4.部署K8S集群

5.设定kubectl

6.所有节点部署网络插件flannel

7.部署Dashboard

三、安装harbor私有仓库(192.168.227.105)


一.环境配置

1.机器部署

master(2C/4G)192.168.227.100docker、kubeadm、kubelet、kubectl、flannel
node01(2C/2G192.168.227.102docker、kubeadm、kubelet、kubectl、flannel
node02(2C/2G)192.168.227.103docker、kubeadm、kubelet、kubectl、flannel
Harbor节点(hub.wsk.com)192.168.227.105docker、docker-compose、harbor-offline-v1.2.2

2.部署流程

(1)在所有节点安装docker和kubeadm
(2)部署kubernetes Master
(3)部署容器网络插件
(4)部署kubernets Node,将节点加入Kubernetes集群中
(5)部署Dashboard Web页面,可视化查看Kubernetes资源
(6)部署Harbor私有仓库,存放镜像资源
 

二.配置基本环境

1.所有节点关闭防火墙核心防护以及关闭swap交换

systemctl stop firewalld
systemctl disable firewalld
setenforce 0
sed -i 's/enforcing/disabled/' /etc/selinux/config
iptables -F && iptables -t nat -F && iptables -t mangle -F && iptables -X
swapoff -a						#交换分区必须要关闭
sed -ri 's/.*swap.*/#&/' /etc/fstab		#永久关闭swap分区,&符号在sed命令中代表上次匹配的结果
#加载 ip_vs 模块
for i in $(ls /usr/lib/modules/$(uname -r)/kernel/net/netfilter/ipvs|grep -o "^[^.]*");do echo $i; /sbin/modinfo -F filename $i >/dev/null 2>&1 && /sbin/modprobe $i;done
 
//修改主机名
hostnamectl set-hostname master01
hostnamectl set-hostname node01
hostnamectl set-hostname node02
 
//所有节点修改hosts文件
vim /etc/hosts
192.168.227.100 master01
192.168.227.102 node01
192.168.227.103 node02
 
//调整内核参数
cat > /etc/sysctl.d/kubernetes.conf << EOF
#开启网桥模式,可将网桥的流量传递给iptables链
net.bridge.bridge-nf-call-ip6tables=1
net.bridge.bridge-nf-call-iptables=1
#关闭ipv6协议
net.ipv6.conf.all.disable_ipv6=1
net.ipv4.ip_forward=1
EOF
 
//生效参数
sysctl --system  
 
//时间同步
yum install ntpdate -y
ntpdate time.windows.com

2.所有节点安装docker

yum install -y yum-utils device-mapper-persistent-data lvm2 
yum-config-manager --add-repo https://mirrors.aliyun.com/docker-ce/linux/centos/docker-ce.repo 
yum install -y docker-ce docker-ce-cli containerd.io
 
mkdir /etc/docker
cat > /etc/docker/daemon.json <<EOF
{
  "registry-mirrors": ["https://6ijb8ubo.mirror.aliyuncs.com"],
  "exec-opts": ["native.cgroupdriver=systemd"],
  "log-driver": "json-file",
  "log-opts": {
    "max-size": "100m"
  }
}
EOF
#使用Systemd管理的Cgroup来进行资源控制与管理,因为相对Cgroupfs而言,Systemd限制CPU、内存等资源更加简单和成熟稳定。
#日志使用json-file格式类型存储,大小为100M,保存在/var/log/containers目录下,方便ELK等日志系统收集和管理日志。
 
systemctl daemon-reload
systemctl restart docker.service
systemctl enable docker.service 
 
docker info | grep "Cgroup Driver"
Cgroup Driver: systemd

3.所有节点安装kubeadm,kubelet和kubectl

//定义kubernetes源
cat > /etc/yum.repos.d/kubernetes.repo << EOF
[kubernetes]
name=Kubernetes
baseurl=https://mirrors.aliyun.com/kubernetes/yum/repos/kubernetes-el7-x86_64
enabled=1
gpgcheck=0
repo_gpgcheck=0
gpgkey=https://mirrors.aliyun.com/kubernetes/yum/doc/yum-key.gpg https://mirrors.aliyun.com/kubernetes/yum/doc/rpm-package-key.gpg
EOF
 
yum install -y kubelet-1.20.11 kubeadm-1.20.11 kubectl-1.20.11
 
//开机自启kubelet
systemctl enable kubelet.service
#K8S通过kubeadm安装出来以后都是以Pod方式存在,即底层是以容器方式运行,所以kubelet必须设置开机自启

4.部署K8S集群

//查看初始化需要的镜像
kubeadm config images list
 
//在 master 节点上传 v1.20.11.zip 压缩包至 /opt 目录
unzip v1.20.11.zip -d /opt/k8s
cd /opt/k8s/v1.20.11
for i in $(ls *.tar); do docker load -i $i; done
 
//复制镜像和脚本到 node 节点,并在 node 节点上执行脚本加载镜像文件
scp -r /opt/k8s root@node01:/opt
scp -r /opt/k8s root@node02:/opt
for i in $(ls *.tar); do docker load -i $i; done
 
//初始化kubeadm
方法一:
kubeadm config print init-defaults > /opt/kubeadm-config.yaml
 
cd /opt/
vim kubeadm-config.yaml
......
11 localAPIEndpoint:
12   advertiseAddress: 192.168.227.100		#指定master节点的IP地址
13   bindPort: 6443
......
34 kubernetesVersion: v1.20.11				#指定kubernetes版本号
35 networking:
36   dnsDomain: cluster.local
37   podSubnet: "10.244.0.0/16"				#指定pod网段,10.244.0.0/16用于匹配flannel默认网段
38   serviceSubnet: 10.96.0.0/16			#指定service网段
39 scheduler: {}
#末尾再添加以下内容
--- 
apiVersion: kubeproxy.config.k8s.io/v1alpha1
kind: KubeProxyConfiguration
mode: ipvs									#把默认的kube-proxy调度方式改为ipvs模式
 
kubeadm init --config=kubeadm-config.yaml --upload-certs | tee kubeadm-init.log
#--experimental-upload-certs 参数可以在后续执行加入节点时自动分发证书文件,K8S V1.16版本开始替换为 --upload-certs
#tee kubeadm-init.log 用以输出日志  
//查看 kubeadm-init 日志
less kubeadm-init.log
 
//kubernetes配置文件目录
ls /etc/kubernetes/
 
//存放ca等证书和密码的目录
ls /etc/kubernetes/pki		
 
 
方法二:
kubeadm init \
--apiserver-advertise-address=192.168.227.100 \
--image-repository registry.aliyuncs.com/google_containers \
--kubernetes-version=v1.20.11 \
--service-cidr=10.96.0.0/16 \
--pod-network-cidr=10.244.0.0/16 \
--token-ttl=0

5.设定kubectl

//设定kubectl
kubectl需经由API server认证及授权后方能执行相应的管理操作,kubeadm 部署的集群为其生成了一个具有管理员权限的认证配置文件 /etc/kubernetes/admin.conf,它可由 kubectl 通过默认的 “$HOME/.kube/config” 的路径进行加载。
 
mkdir -p $HOME/.kube
cp -i /etc/kubernetes/admin.conf $HOME/.kube/config
chown $(id -u):$(id -g) $HOME/.kube/config
 
 
//如果 kubectl get cs 发现集群不健康,更改以下两个文件
vim /etc/kubernetes/manifests/kube-scheduler.yaml 
vim /etc/kubernetes/manifests/kube-controller-manager.yaml
# 修改如下内容
把--bind-address=127.0.0.1变成--bind-address=192.168.227.100		#修改成k8s的控制节点master01的ip
把httpGet:字段下的hosts由127.0.0.1变成192.168.227.100(有两处)
#- --port=0					# 搜索port=0,把这一行注释掉
 
systemctl restart kubelet

6.所有节点部署网络插件flannel

方法一:
//所有节点上传flannel镜像 flannel.tar 到 /opt 目录,master节点上传 kube-flannel.yml 文件
cd /opt
docker load < flannel.tar
 
//在 master 节点创建 flannel 资源
kubectl apply -f kube-flannel.yml 
 
 
方法二:
kubectl apply -f https://raw.githubusercontent.com/coreos/flannel/master/Documentation/kube-flannel.yml
 
kubectl apply -f https://github.com/flannel-io/flannel/releases/latest/download/kube-flannel.yml
 
 
//在 node 节点上执行 kubeadm join 命令加入群集
kubeadm join 192.168.227.100:6443 --token rc0kfs.a1sfe3gl4dvopck5 \
    --discovery-token-ca-cert-hash sha256:864fe553c812df2af262b406b707db68b0fd450dc08b34efb73dd5a4771d37a2
 
 
//在master节点查看节点状态
kubectl get nodes
 
kubectl get pods -n kube-system
NAME                             READY   STATUS    RESTARTS   AGE
coredns-bccdc95cf-c9w6l          1/1     Running   0          71m
coredns-bccdc95cf-nql5j          1/1     Running   0          71m
etcd-master                      1/1     Running   0          71m
kube-apiserver-master            1/1     Running   0          70m
kube-controller-manager-master   1/1     Running   0          70m
kube-flannel-ds-amd64-kfhwf      1/1     Running   0          2m53s
kube-flannel-ds-amd64-qkdfh      1/1     Running   0          46m
kube-flannel-ds-amd64-vffxv      1/1     Running   0          2m56s
kube-proxy-558p8                 1/1     Running   0          2m53s
kube-proxy-nwd7g                 1/1     Running   0          2m56s
kube-proxy-qpz8t                 1/1     Running   0          71m
kube-scheduler-master            1/1     Running   0          70m
 
 
//测试 pod 资源创建
kubectl create deployment nginx --image=nginx
 
kubectl get pods -o wide
NAME                     READY   STATUS    RESTARTS   AGE   IP           NODE     NOMINATED NODE   READINESS GATES
nginx-554b9c67f9-zr2xs   1/1     Running   0          14m   10.244.1.2   node01   <none>           <none>
 
//暴露端口提供服务
kubectl expose deployment nginx --port=80 --type=NodePort
 
kubectl get svc
NAME         TYPE        CLUSTER-IP     EXTERNAL-IP   PORT(S)        AGE
kubernetes   ClusterIP   10.96.0.1      <none>        443/TCP        3h57m
myapp-ky20   NodePort    10.96.56.120   <none>        80:32404/TCP   3s
 
 
//测试访问
curl http://node01:32404
 
//扩展3个副本
kubectl scale deployment nginx --replicas=3
kubectl get pods -o wide
NAME                     READY   STATUS    RESTARTS   AGE   IP           NODE     NOMINATED NODE   READINESS GATES
nginx-554b9c67f9-9kh4s   1/1     Running   0          66s   10.244.1.3   node01   <none>           <none>
nginx-554b9c67f9-rv77q   1/1     Running   0          66s   10.244.2.2   node02   <none>           <none>
nginx-554b9c67f9-zr2xs   1/1     Running   0          17m   10.244.1.2   node01   <none>           <none>

 

7.部署Dashboard

//在 master01 节点上操作
#上传 recommended.yaml 文件到 /opt/k8s 目录中
cd /opt/k8s
vim recommended.yaml
#默认Dashboard只能集群内部访问,修改Service为NodePort类型,暴露到外部:
kind: Service
apiVersion: v1
metadata:
  labels:
    k8s-app: kubernetes-dashboard
  name: kubernetes-dashboard
  namespace: kubernetes-dashboard
spec:
  ports:
    - port: 443
      targetPort: 8443
      nodePort: 30001     #添加
  type: NodePort          #添加
  selector:
    k8s-app: kubernetes-dashboard
	
kubectl apply -f recommended.yaml
 
#创建service account并绑定默认cluster-admin管理员集群角色
kubectl create serviceaccount dashboard-admin -n kube-system
kubectl create clusterrolebinding dashboard-admin --clusterrole=cluster-admin --serviceaccount=kube-system:dashboard-admin
kubectl describe secrets -n kube-system $(kubectl -n kube-system get secret | awk '/dashboard-admin/{print $1}')
 
 
#使用输出的token登录Dashboard
https://NodeIP:30001

三、安装harbor私有仓库(192.168.227.105)

//修改主机名
hostnamectl set-hostname hub.wsk.com
 
//所有节点加上主机名映射
echo '192.168.227.105 hub.wsk.com' >> /etc/hosts
//安装 docker
yum install -y yum-utils device-mapper-persistent-data lvm2 
yum-config-manager --add-repo https://mirrors.aliyun.com/docker-ce/linux/centos/docker-ce.repo 
yum install -y docker-ce docker-ce-cli containerd.io
 
mkdir /etc/docker
cat > /etc/docker/daemon.json <<EOF
{
  "registry-mirrors": ["https://6ijb8ubo.mirror.aliyuncs.com"],
  "exec-opts": ["native.cgroupdriver=systemd"],
  "log-driver": "json-file",
  "log-opts": {
    "max-size": "100m"
  },
  "insecure-registries": ["https://hub.wsk.com"]
}
EOF
 
systemctl start docker
systemctl enable docker
 
 
//所有 node 节点都修改 docker 配置文件,加上私有仓库配置
cat > /etc/docker/daemon.json <<EOF
{
  "registry-mirrors": ["https://6ijb8ubo.mirror.aliyuncs.com"],
  "exec-opts": ["native.cgroupdriver=systemd"],
  "log-driver": "json-file",
  "log-opts": {
    "max-size": "100m"
  },
  "insecure-registries": ["https://hub.wsk.com"]
}
EOF
 
systemctl daemon-reload
systemctl restart docker
 
 
//安装 Harbor
//上传 harbor-offline-installer-v1.2.2.tgz 和 docker-compose 文件到 /opt 目录
cd /opt
cp docker-compose /usr/local/bin/
chmod +x /usr/local/bin/docker-compose
 
tar zxvf harbor-offline-installer-v1.2.2.tgz
cd harbor/
vim harbor.cfg
5  hostname = hub.wsk.com
9  ui_url_protocol = https
24 ssl_cert = /data/cert/server.crt
25 ssl_cert_key = /data/cert/server.key
59 harbor_admin_password = Harbor12345
 
 
//生成证书
mkdir -p /data/cert
cd /data/cert
#生成私钥
openssl genrsa -des3 -out server.key 2048
输入两遍密码:123456
 
#生成证书签名请求文件
openssl req -new -key server.key -out server.csr
输入私钥密码:123456
输入国家名:CN
输入省名:BJ
输入市名:BJ
输入组织名:wsk
输入机构名:wsk
输入域名:hub.wsk.com
输入管理员邮箱:admin@wsk.com
其它全部直接回车
 
#备份私钥
cp server.key server.key.org
 
#清除私钥密码
openssl rsa -in server.key.org -out server.key
输入私钥密码:123456
 
#签名证书
openssl x509 -req -days 1000 -in server.csr -signkey server.key -out server.crt
 
chmod +x /data/cert/*
 
cd /opt/harbor/
./install.sh
 
在本地使用火狐浏览器访问:https://hub.wsk.com
添加例外 -> 确认安全例外
用户名:admin
密码:Harbor12345
 
//在一个node节点上登录harbor
docker login -u admin -p Harbor12345 https://hub.wsk.com
 
//上传镜像
docker tag nginx:latest hub.wsk.com/library/nginx:v1
docker push hub.wsk.com/library/nginx:v1
 
//在master节点上删除之前创建的nginx资源
kubectl delete deployment nginx
 
kubectl create deployment nginx-deployment --image=hub.wsk.com/library/nginx:v1 --port=80 --replicas=3
 
kubectl expose deployment nginx-deployment --port=30000 --target-port=80
 
kubectl get svc,pods
NAME                       TYPE        CLUSTER-IP      EXTERNAL-IP   PORT(S)     AGE
service/kubernetes         ClusterIP   10.96.0.1       <none>        443/TCP     10m
service/nginx-deployment   ClusterIP   10.96.222.161   <none>        30000/TCP   3m15s
 
NAME                                    READY   STATUS    RESTARTS   AGE
pod/nginx-deployment-77bcbfbfdc-bv5bz   1/1     Running   0          16s
pod/nginx-deployment-77bcbfbfdc-fq8wr   1/1     Running   0          16s
pod/nginx-deployment-77bcbfbfdc-xrg45   1/1     Running   0          3m39s
 
 
yum install ipvsadm -y
ipvsadm -Ln
 
curl 10.96.222.161:30000
 
 
kubectl edit svc nginx-deployment
25   type: NodePort						#把调度策略改成NodePort
 
kubectl get svc
NAME                       TYPE        CLUSTER-IP      EXTERNAL-IP   PORT(S)           AGE
service/kubernetes         ClusterIP   10.96.0.1       <none>        443/TCP           29m
service/nginx-deployment   NodePort    10.96.222.161   <none>        30000:32340/TCP   22m
 
浏览器访问:
192.168.227.100:32340
192.168.227.102:32340
192.168.227.103:32340
 
 
#将cluster-admin角色权限授予用户system:anonymous
kubectl create clusterrolebinding cluster-system-anonymous --clusterrole=cluster-admin --user=system:anonymous
 
 
########### 内核参数优化方案 ##########
cat > /etc/sysctl.d/kubernetes.conf <<EOF
net.bridge.bridge-nf-call-iptables=1
net.bridge.bridge-nf-call-ip6tables=1
net.ipv4.ip_forward=1
net.ipv4.tcp_tw_recycle=0
vm.swappiness=0									#禁止使用 swap 空间,只有当系统内存不足(OOM)时才允许使用它
vm.overcommit_memory=1							#不检查物理内存是否够用
vm.panic_on_oom=0								#开启 OOM
fs.inotify.max_user_instances=8192
fs.inotify.max_user_watches=1048576
fs.file-max=52706963							#指定最大文件句柄数
fs.nr_open=52706963								#仅4.4以上版本支持
net.ipv6.conf.all.disable_ipv6=1
net.netfilter.nf_conntrack_max=2310720
EOF

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