Java企业开发学习笔记（1.1）采用Spring配置文件管理Bean

该文章主要为完成实训任务，详细实现过程及结果见【http://t.csdn.cn/iK3aM】

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1. 创建Maven项目

• 创建Maven项目 - SpringDemo
  
• 修改项目的Maven配置
  

2. 添加Spring依赖

• 在Maven仓库里查找Spring框架（https://mvnrepository.com）
  
  
  
• 添加到pom.xml文件的<dependencies>元素里，并添加其他依赖

<dependencies>
        <!--Spring核心-->
        <dependency>
            <groupId>org.springframework</groupId>
            <artifactId>spring-core</artifactId>
            <version>5.3.25</version>
        </dependency>
        <!--Spring实体-->
        <dependency>
            <groupId>org.springframework</groupId>
            <artifactId>spring-beans</artifactId>
            <version>5.3.25</version>
        </dependency>
        <!--Spring容器-->
        <dependency>
            <groupId>org.springframework</groupId>
            <artifactId>spring-context</artifactId>
            <version>5.3.25</version>
        </dependency>
        <!--Spring Web-->
        <dependency>
            <groupId>org.springframework</groupId>
            <artifactId>spring-web</artifactId>
            <version>5.3.25</version>
        </dependency>
        <!--Spring MVC-->
        <dependency>
            <groupId>org.springframework</groupId>
            <artifactId>spring-webmvc</artifactId>
            <version>5.3.25</version>
        </dependency>
        <!--Spring测试-->
        <dependency>
            <groupId>org.springframework</groupId>
            <artifactId>spring-test</artifactId>
            <version>5.3.25</version>
        </dependency>
        <!--单元测试-->
        <dependency>
            <groupId>junit</groupId>
            <artifactId>junit</artifactId>
            <version>4.13.2</version>
            <scope>test</scope>
        </dependency>
    </dependencies>

• 打开maven窗口检查是否下载完成
  

3. 创建杀龙任务

package cn.kox.spring.week01;

public class SlayDragonQuest {
    public void embark() {
        System.out.println("执行傻龙任务...");
    }
}

4. 创建勇士类

package cn.kox.spring.week01;

public class BraveKnight {
    private String name;
    private SlayDragonQuest slayDragonQuest;

    public BraveKnight(String 小明) {
    }

    public BraveKnight(String name, SlayDragonQuest slayDragonQuest) {
        this.name = name;
        this.slayDragonQuest = slayDragonQuest;
    }

    public String getName() {
        return name;
    }

    public void setName(String name) {
        this.name = name;
    }

    public SlayDragonQuest getSlayDragonQuest() {
        return slayDragonQuest;
    }

    public void setSlayDragonQuest(SlayDragonQuest slayDragonQuest) {
        this.slayDragonQuest = slayDragonQuest;
    }

    public void embarkOnQuest() {
        System.out.printf("勇士骑士[%s]", name);
        slayDragonQuest.embark();
    }
}

5. 采用传统的方式

• 创建TestBraveKnightOld类
  

package cn.kox.spring.week01;

import org.junit.Test;

public class TestBraveKnightOld {
    @Test
    public void testBraveKnightOld() {
        SlayDragonQuest sdq1 = new SlayDragonQuest();
        BraveKnight bk1 = new BraveKnight("小明", sdq1);
        bk1.embarkOnQuest();
    }
}

• 运行程序，查看结果
  

6. 采用Spring容器让勇敢骑士完成杀龙任务

6.1 创建日志属性文件

log4j.rootLogger=WARN, stdout, logfile
log4j.appender.stdout=org.apache.log4j.ConsoleAppender
log4j.appender.stdout.layout=org.apache.log4j.PatternLayout
log4j.appender.stdout.layout.ConversionPattern=%d %p [%c] - %m%n
log4j.appender.logfile=org.apache.log4j.FileAppender
log4j.appender.logfile.File=target/spring.log
log4j.appender.logfile.layout=org.apache.log4j.PatternLayout
log4j.appender.logfile.layout.ConversionPattern=%d %p [%c] - %m%n

6.2 创建Spring配置文件

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<beans xmlns="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans"
       xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
       xsi:schemaLocation="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans/spring-beans.xsd">
</beans>

6.3 在Spring配置文件里创建Bean

（1）创建杀龙任务Bean

    <bean id="slayDragonQuest" class="cn.kox.spring.week01.SlayDragonQuest"/>

（2）创建勇敢骑士Bean

    <bean id="braveKnight" class="cn.kox.spring.week01.BraveKnight">
        <constructor-arg value=""/>
        <property name="name" value="罗斌含"/>
        <property name="slayDragonQuest" ref="slayDragonQuest"/>
    </bean>

6.4 创建新勇敢骑士测试类

• 创建TestBraveKnightNew测试类
  

package cn.kox.spring.week01;

import org.junit.After;
import org.junit.Before;
import org.junit.BeforeClass;
import org.junit.Test;
import org.springframework.context.support.ClassPathXmlApplicationContext;

public class TestBraveKnightNew {
    private ClassPathXmlApplicationContext context; // 基于类路径XML配置文件的应用容器（Bean工厂）

    @Before // 每次测试方法执行前都要执行的代码就放在此方法里
    public void init() {
        // 基于Spring配置文件创建应用容器
        context = new ClassPathXmlApplicationContext("xmlconfig/spring-config.xml");
        // 提示用户
        System.out.println("Spring应用容器已创建~");
    }

    @Test
    public void testBraveKnight() {
        // 根据名称从应用容器中获取勇敢骑士对象
        BraveKnight braveKnight = (BraveKnight) context.getBean("braveKnight");
        // 勇敢骑士执行任务
        braveKnight.embarkOnQuest();
    }

    @After // 每次测试方法执行后都要执行的代码就放在此方法里
    public void destroy() {
        // 关闭应用容器
        context.close();
        // 提示用户
        System.out.println("Spring应用容器已关闭~");
    }
}

• 运行结果
  

6.5 创建两个勇敢骑士Bean

    <bean id="knight1" class="cn.kox.spring.week01.BraveKnight">
        <constructor-arg value=""/>
        <property name="name" value="高问"/>
        <property name="slayDragonQuest" ref="slayDragonQuest"/>
    </bean>

    <bean id="knight2" class="cn.kox.spring.week01.BraveKnight">
        <constructor-arg value=""/>
        <property name="name" value="加雷斯"/>
        <property name="slayDragonQuest" ref="slayDragonQuest"/>
    </bean>

6.6 修改新勇敢骑士测试类

        BraveKnight knight1 = (BraveKnight) context.getBean("knight1");
        knight1.embarkOnQuest();

        BraveKnight knight2 = (BraveKnight) context.getBean("knight2");
        knight2.embarkOnQuest();

• 运行结果
  

7. 采用构造方法注入方式注入属性值

7.1 创建救美任务类

• 创建RescueDamselQuest类

package cn.kox.spring.week01;

public class RescueDamselQuest {
    public void embark() {
        System.out.println("执行就美任务...");
    }
}

7.2 创建救美骑士类

• 创建DamselRescuingKnight类

package cn.kox.spring.week01;

public class DamselRescuingKnight {
    private String name;
    private RescueDamselQuest rescueDamselQuest;

    public DamselRescuingKnight() {
    }

    public DamselRescuingKnight(String name, RescueDamselQuest rescueDamselQuest) {
        this.name = name;
        this.rescueDamselQuest = rescueDamselQuest;
    }

    public String getName() {
        return name;
    }

    public void setName(String name) {
        this.name = name;
    }

    public RescueDamselQuest getRescueDamselQuest() {
        return rescueDamselQuest;
    }

    public void setRescueDamselQuest(RescueDamselQuest rescueDamselQuest) {
        this.rescueDamselQuest = rescueDamselQuest;
    }

    public void embarkOnQuest() {
        System.out.printf("救美骑士[%s]", name);
        rescueDamselQuest.embark();
    }
}

7.3 配置救美骑士Bean

• 在Spring配置文件里创建救美骑士Bean
  

    <!--配置救美任务Bean-->
    <bean id="rescueDamselQuest" class="cn.kox.spring.week01.RescueDamselQuest"/>

    <!--配置救美骑士Bean-->
    <bean id="damselRescuingKnight" class="cn.kox.spring.week01.BraveKnight">
        <constructor-arg value="格拉海德"/>
        <constructor-arg ref="rescueDamselQuest"/>
    </bean>

7.4 创建旧救美骑士测试类

• 创建TestRescueDamselKnightOld类
  

package cn.kox.spring.week01;

import org.junit.Test;

public class TestRescueDamselKnightOld {
    @Test
    public void testRescueDamselKnight() {
        // 创建救美任务对象
        RescueDamselQuest rescueDamselQuest = new RescueDamselQuest();
        // 创建救美骑士对象
        RescueDamselKnight rescueDamselKnight = new RescueDamselKnight("格拉海德", rescueDamselQuest);
        // 救美骑士执行任务
        rescueDamselKnight.embarkOnQuest();
    }
}

• 运行结果：
  

7.5 创建新救美骑士测试类

• 创建TestRescueDamselKnightNew类
  

package cn.kox.spring.week01;

import org.junit.After;
import org.junit.Before;
import org.junit.Test;
import org.springframework.context.support.ClassPathXmlApplicationContext;

public class TestRescueDamselKnightNew {
    private ClassPathXmlApplicationContext context; // 基于类路径XML配置文件的应用容器

    @Before // 每次测试方法执行前都要执行的代码
    public void init() {
        // 基于Spring配置文件创建应用容器
        context = new ClassPathXmlApplicationContext("xmlconfig/spring-config.xml");
        // 提示用户
        System.out.println("Spring应用容器已创建~");
    }

    @Test
    public void testRescueDamselKnight() {
        // 根据名称从应用容器里获取救美骑士对象
        RescueDamselKnight rescueDamselKnight = (RescueDamselKnight) context.getBean("damselRescuingKnight");
        // 救美骑士执行任务
        rescueDamselKnight.embarkOnQuest();
    }

    @After // 每次测试方法执行后都要执行的代码
    public void destroy() {
        // 关闭应用容器
        context.close();
        // 提示用户
        System.out.println("Spring应用容器已关闭~");
    }
}

• 运行结果