[python] co_lnotab

co_lnotab is the mapping from bytecode to code line number.

# python3.6
Python 3.6.5 (default, Apr 16 2018, 16:19:06) 
[GCC 4.8.5 20150623 (Red Hat 4.8.5-28)] on linux
Type "help", "copyright", "credits" or "license" for more information.
>>> import six
>>> import dis
>>> def f(x):
...     x = x + 1
...     x = x * x
...     return x
... 
>>> co = f.__code__
>>> dis.dis(co)
  2           0 LOAD_FAST                0 (x)
              2 LOAD_CONST               1 (1)
              4 BINARY_ADD
              6 STORE_FAST               0 (x)

  3           8 LOAD_FAST                0 (x)
             10 LOAD_FAST                0 (x)
             12 BINARY_MULTIPLY
             14 STORE_FAST               0 (x)

  4          16 LOAD_FAST                0 (x)
             18 RETURN_VALUE
>>> co.co_lnotab
b'\x00\x01\x08\x01\x08\x01'
>>> co.co_firstlineno
1

how to decode co_lnotab?
for each byte in co_lnotab, even numbered bytes are the gap of bytecode while odd numbered bytes are the gap of python code.
bytecode starts from 0 while python code starts from co_firstlineno.

bytecode no	python no
0	1
0+0=0	1+1=2
0+8=8	2+1=3
8+8=16	3+1=4

so how to determine the line number of python code if bytecode line number A?

import six

# code_obj is the code object of function
# pos is the position in bytecode
def get_line_no(code_obj, pos):
    byte_increments = six.iterbytes(code_obj.co_lnotab[0::2])
    line_increments = six.iterbytes(code_obj.co_lnotab[1::2])

    byte_num = 0
    line_num = code_obj.co_firstlineno

    for byte_inc, line_inc in zip(byte_increments, line_increments):
        byte_num += byte_inc
        if byte_num > pos:
            return line_num
        line_num += line_inc
    return None

the code snippet is from : https://github.com/nedbat/byterun

more info of lnotab:
https://svn.python.org/projects/python/branches/pep-0384/Objects/lnotab_notes.txt