matplotlib

matplolib 基本使用

1. 调整图片大小及分辨率

from matplotlib import pyplot as plt

x = range(2, 26, 2)
y = [15, 13, 14, 5, 17, 20, 25, 26, 26, 24, 18, 15]

# 设置图片大小 以及 分辨率
fig = plt.figure(figsize=(20, 10), dpi=80)

# 绘图
plt.plot(x, y)

2. 绘制 X轴 刻度、绘制 Y轴 刻度

# 绘制 x轴 刻度
# plt.xticks(range(2, 26, 1))
_xticks_labels = [i / 2 for i in range(4, 48)]
plt.xticks(_xticks_labels[::3])
# plt.xticks(range(25, 50))

# 设置 y轴 刻度
plt.yticks(range(min(y), max(y) + 1))

3. 图片保存 .svg(矢量图)

# 图片保存 .svg(矢量图)
plt.savefig("./t1.png")

4. 设置 中文显示、添加描述信息、画网格、图例

1. 设置中文显示

   # 设置中文显示
   my_font = font_manager.FontProperties(fname=r"C:\Windows\Fonts\simkai.ttf")
   # 设置中文显示
   # plt.rcParams['font.sans-serif'] = ['SimHei']  # 黑体
   

2. 添加描述信息

   # 添加描述信息
   plt.xlabel("时间", fontproperties=my_font)
   plt.ylabel("温度(℃)", fontproperties=my_font)
   plt.title("10点到12点温度变化", fontproperties=my_font)
   

3. 画网格

   # 画网格
   plt.grid(alpha=0.1)
   

4. 添加图例

   # 添加图例  loc(图例位置)  使用prop 添加字体样式
   plt.legend(loc="upper right", prop=my_font)
   

5. X轴文字旋转

# 绘制x轴 rotation(旋转角度)
plt.xticks(range(len(a)), a, fontproperties=my_font, rotation=45)

6. 绘制横着的条形图

from matplotlib import pyplot as plt
from matplotlib import font_manager
# 绘制横着的条形图
my_font = font_manager.FontProperties(fname=r"C:\Windows\Fonts\simkai.ttf")

a = ["战狼2", "速度与激情8", "功夫瑜伽", "西游伏妖篇", "变形金别5：最后的骑士",
     "摔跤吧！爸爸", "加勒比海盗5：死无对证", "金刚：储假岛", "极限特工：终极回归",
     "生化危机6：终章", "乘风破浪", "神偷奶爸3", "智取院虎山", "大闹天空",
     "金刚狼3：殊死一战", "蜘练侠：英雄归来", "悟空传", "银河护卫队2", "情圣", "新木乃伊"]
b = [56.01, 26.94, 17.53, 16.49, 15.45, 12.96, 11.8, 11.61, 1.28, 11.12, 10.49,
     10.3, 8.75, 7.56, 7.32, 6.99, 6.88, 6.86, 6.58, 6.23]

plt.figure(figsize=(18, 10), dpi=80)

# 绘制横着的条形图s
plt.barh(range(len(a)), b, height=0.3, color="#ffcc33")
plt.yticks(range(len(a)), a, fontproperties=my_font)

plt.grid(alpha=0.3)
plt.show()

7. 绘制多条条形图

from matplotlib import pyplot as plt
from matplotlib import font_manager

my_font = font_manager.FontProperties(fname=r"C:\Windows\Fonts\simkai.ttf")

a = ["塑球据起3：终极之战", "敦刻尔克", "蜘蛛侠：英雄归来", "战狼2"]
b_16 = [15746, 312, 4497, 319]
b_15 = [12357, 156, 2045, 168]
b_14 = [2358, 399, 2358, 362]

bar_width = 0.3
fig = plt.figure()

x_14 = list(range(len(a)))
x_15 = [i + bar_width for i in x_14]
x_16 = [i + bar_width for i in x_15]

plt.bar(x_14, b_14, width=bar_width, label="9月14日")
plt.bar(x_15, b_15, width=bar_width, label="9月14日")
plt.bar(x_16, b_16, width=bar_width, label="9月14日")

# 设置 x轴 的刻度
plt.xticks(x_15, a, fontproperties=my_font)

plt.xlabel("x轴", fontproperties=my_font)
# 调节 画布内间距 left bottom right top
fig.subplots_adjust(right=0.8)

plt.legend(prop=my_font)

plt.show()

8. 绘制直方图

from matplotlib import pyplot as plt
from matplotlib import font_manager
import pandas as pd


# 绘制直方图
my_font = font_manager.FontProperties(fname=r"C:\Windons\Fonts\simkai.ttf")

# 假设你获取了250部电影的时长（列表a中），希望统计出这些电影时长的分布状态
# （比如时长为100分钟到120分钟电影的数量，出现的频率）等信息，你应该如何呈现这些数据？
a = [131, 98, 125, 131, 124, 139, 131, 117, 128, 108, 135, 138, 131, 102, 107, 114, 119, 128, 121, 142, 127, 130, 124,
     101, 110, 116, 117, 110, 128, 128, 115, 99, 136, 126, 134, 95, 138, 117, 111, 78, 132, 124, 113, 150, 110, 117, 86,
     95, 144, 128, 132,
     105, 126, 130, 126, 130, 126, 116, 123, 106, 112, 138, 123, 86, 101, 99, 136, 123, 117, 19, 105, 137, 123, 128,
     125, 104, 109, 134, 125, 127, 105, 120, 107, 129, 116, 108, 132, 103, 136, 118, 102, 120, 114, 105, 115, 132, 145,
     119, 121, 112, 139, 125, 138, 109, 132, 134, 156, 106, 117, 127, 144, 139, 139, 119, 140, 83, 110, 102, 123, 107,
     143, 115, 136, 118, 139, 123, 112, 118, 125, 109, 119, 133, 112, 114, 122, 109, 106, 123, 116, 131, 127, 115, 118,
     112, 135, 115, 146, 137, 116, 103, 144, 83, 123, 111, 110, 111, 100, 154, 136, 100, 18, 19, 133, 134, 106, 129,
     126, 110, 111, 109, 141, 120, 117, 106, 149, 122, 122, 110, 118, 127, 121, 114, 125, 126, 114, 140, 103, 130, 141,
     117, 106, 114, 121, 114, 133, 137, 92, 121, 112, 146, 97, 137, 105, 98, 117, 112, 81, 97, 139, 113, 134, 106, 144,
     110, 137, 137, 111, 104, 117, 100, 111, 101, 110, 105, 129, 137, 112, 120, 113, 133, 112, 83.94, 146, 133, 101,
     131, 116, 111, 84, 137, 115, 122, 106, 144, 109, 123, 116, 111, 111, 133.150]

# 计算组数
d = 3  # 组距
num_bins = (max(a) - min(a)) // d
print(num_bins)
plt.hist(a, num_bins, rwidth=d)

plt.xticks(list(range(min(a), max(a) + d, d))[::3], rotation=45)
plt.grid(alpha=0.2)

plt.show()