文档:http://developer.android.com/training/monitoring-device-state/battery-monitoring.html
This is a sticky broadcast containing the charging state, level, and other information about the battery. See BatteryManager
for documentation on the contents of the Intent.
你不能像组件那样在manifests里声明一个receive ,你只能通过Context.registerReceiver()注册。. See ACTION_BATTERY_LOW
,ACTION_BATTERY_OKAY
, ACTION_POWER_CONNECTED
, and ACTION_POWER_DISCONNECTED
for distinct battery-related broadcasts that are sent and can be received through manifest receivers.
This is a protected intent that can only be sent by the system.
当你在更改后台更新频率来减少这些更新对电池寿命的影响时,检查当前电量和充电状态是一个好的开始。
电池寿命通过剩余电量和充电状态来影响应用更新的执行。当用交流电充电时,执行更新操作对设备的影响是微不足道的,所以在大多数案例里,你可以把更新频率调到最快。如果设备不在充电,降低更新频率可以帮助延长电池寿命。
类似的,你可以检查电池剩余电量级别,在电量低时,应该降低更新频率甚至停止更新。
注:此处的更新,指的是类似发送心跳包的动作,或者定时更新内容。并非仅仅指更新应用版本。如果是用户动作,比如翻页刷新,不需要根据电量和充电状态处理。
判断当前充电状态
通过判断当前充电状态开始。BatteryManager会通过一个intent广播所有电池和充电详情,包含充电状态。
因为这是一个sticky intent,你不需要注册广播接收器。简单地通过调用 registerReceiver,像下面的代码段传入一个null的接收器,当前电池状态的intent就会返回。你也可以传入一个真实的接收器对象,但我们暂时不会操作更新,所以这是没必要的。
- IntentFilter ifilter = new IntentFilter(Intent.ACTION_BATTERY_CHANGED);
- Intent batteryStatus = context.registerReceiver(null, ifilter);
- //你可以读到充电状态,如果在充电,可以读到是usb还是交流电
- // 是否在充电
- int status = batteryStatus.getIntExtra(BatteryManager.EXTRA_STATUS, -1);
- boolean isCharging = status == BatteryManager.BATTERY_STATUS_CHARGING ||
- status == BatteryManager.BATTERY_STATUS_FULL;
- // 怎么充
- int chargePlug = batteryStatus.getIntExtra(BatteryManager.EXTRA_PLUGGED, -1);
- boolean usbCharge = chargePlug == BatteryManager.BATTERY_PLUGGED_USB;
- boolean acCharge = chargePlug == BatteryManager.BATTERY_PLUGGED_AC;
通常你应该在使用交流电充电时最大化后台更新频率,在使用usb充电时降低,不充电时更低。
监听充电状态的改变
充电状态很容易改变(插入/拔出充电器),所以监听充电状态,更改刷新频率很重要。
充电状态改变时,BatteryManager会发一个广播。接收这些事件很重要,甚至在应用没有运行的时候,因为可能你需要后台开启更新服务。所以,在Androidmanifest.xml里注册广播接收器,加上两个action:ACTION_POWER_CONNECTED 和ACTION_POWER_DISCONNECTED作为过滤。
- <receiver android:name=".PowerConnectionReceiver">
- <intent-filter>
- <action android:name="android.intent.action.ACTION_POWER_CONNECTED"/>
- <action android:name="android.intent.action.ACTION_POWER_DISCONNECTED"/>
- </intent-filter>
- </receiver>
在关联的广播接收器实现里,你可以读出当前充电状态,方法跟上一步说的相同:
- public class PowerConnectionReceiver extends BroadcastReceiver {
- @Override
- public void onReceive(Context context, Intent intent) {
- int status = intent.getIntExtra(BatteryManager.EXTRA_STATUS, -1);
- boolean isCharging = status == BatteryManager.BATTERY_STATUS_CHARGING ||
- status == BatteryManager.BATTERY_STATUS_FULL;
- int chargePlug = intent.getIntExtra(BatteryManager.EXTRA_PLUGGED, -1);
- boolean usbCharge = chargePlug == BatteryManager.BATTERY_PLUGGED_USB;
- boolean acCharge = chargePlug == BatteryManager.BATTERY_PLUGGED_AC;
- }
- }
判断当前剩余电量
在某些案例里,判断当前剩余电量同样很有用。如果电量在某些水平之下,你可能会选择降低后台更新频率。
你可以用下面的代码读到电量:
- //当前剩余电量
- int level = batteryStatus.getIntExtra(BatteryManager.EXTRA_LEVEL, -1);
- //电量最大值
- int scale = batteryStatus.getIntExtra(BatteryManager.EXTRA_SCALE, -1);
- //电量百分比
- float batteryPct = level / (float)scale;
监听剩余电量显著改变
持续监听电池状态不容易,但你不必这么做。
一般来说,持续监听电池电量对电池的影响比app的正常行为还要大。所以,只监听剩余电量的指定级别的改变(进入或离开低电量状态)是一个很好的实践。
manifest里声明的接收器,会在进入或离开低电量状态时触发。
- <receiver android:name=".BatteryLevelReceiver">
- <intent-filter>
- <action android:name="android.intent.action.ACTION_BATTERY_LOW"/>
- <action android:name="android.intent.action.ACTION_BATTERY_OKAY"/>
- </intent-filter>
- </receiver>
剩余电量严重不足时,最好禁用所有后台更新。在你可以使用手机之前就关机了,这种情况下,如果刷新数据并不重要。
在很多情况下,设备是是插入到底座里充电的(好吧,反正我没见几个人额外花钱买底座的,可能国外较多)。下节讲怎么判断当前底座状态和监听插入底座时改变。
<span style="font-size:32px;"> </span><span style="font-size:18px;"> int status = intent.getIntExtra("status", 0); //电池状态,充电、放电、充满、未充电
int health = intent.getIntExtra("health", 0); <span style="white-space:pre"> </span>//电池的健康状态
boolean present = intent.getBooleanExtra("present", false);
int level = intent.getIntExtra("level", 0); //获取当前电量
int scale = intent.getIntExtra("scale", 0); //获取总电量
int icon_small = intent.getIntExtra("icon-small", 0);
int plugged = intent.getIntExtra("plugged", 0);
int voltage = intent.getIntExtra("voltage", 0); // 电池伏数
int temperature = intent.getIntExtra("temperature", 0); // 电池温度
String technology = intent.getStringExtra("technology");
//电池状态
switch (intent.getIntExtra("status",BatteryManager.BATTERY_STATUS_UNKNOWN)) {
{
case BatteryManager.BATTERY_STATUS_CHARGING:
BatteryStatus = "充电状态";
break;
case BatteryManager.BATTERY_STATUS_DISCHARGING:
BatteryStatus = "放电状态";
break;
case BatteryManager.BATTERY_STATUS_NOT_CHARGING:
BatteryStatus = "未充电";
break;
case BatteryManager.BATTERY_STATUS_FULL:
BatteryStatus = "充满电";
break;
case BatteryManager.BATTERY_STATUS_UNKNOWN:
BatteryStatus = "未知道状态";
break;
}
switch (intent.getIntExtra("plugged", BatteryManager.BATTERY_PLUGGED_AC))
{
case BatteryManager.BATTERY_PLUGGED_AC:
BatteryStatus2 = "AC充电";
break;
case BatteryManager.BATTERY_PLUGGED_USB:
BatteryStatus2 = "USB充电";
break;
}
switch (intent.getIntExtra("health",
BatteryManager.BATTERY_HEALTH_UNKNOWN))
{
case BatteryManager.BATTERY_HEALTH_UNKNOWN:
BatteryTemp = "未知错误";
break;
case BatteryManager.BATTERY_HEALTH_GOOD:
BatteryTemp = "状态良好";
break;
case BatteryManager.BATTERY_HEALTH_DEAD:
BatteryTemp = "电池没有电";
break;
case BatteryManager.BATTERY_HEALTH_OVER_VOLTAGE:
BatteryTemp = "电池电压过高";
break;
case BatteryManager.BATTERY_HEALTH_OVERHEAT:
BatteryTemp = "电池过热";
break;
}
</span>
简单例子
<RelativeLayout
android:id="@+id/play_rl_power_info"
android:layout_width="34.0dip"
android:layout_height="wrap_content"
android:layout_alignParentRight="true"
android:layout_centerVertical="true" >
<ImageView
android:id="@+id/play_iv_battery"
android:layout_width="wrap_content"
android:layout_height="wrap_content"
android:layout_marginLeft="2.0dip"
android:layout_marginTop="1.0dip"
android:layout_centerHorizontal="true"
android:visibility="visible" />
<TextView
android:id="@+id/play_tv_cur_time"
android:layout_width="34.0dip"
android:layout_height="wrap_content"
android:layout_below="@+id/play_iv_battery"
android:layout_marginRight="0.0dip"
android:layout_marginTop="2.0dip"
android:layout_centerHorizontal="true"
android:textColor="@color/background_white_50"
android:textSize="10.0sp"
android:gravity="center"
android:text="23:54"
android:textStyle="bold" />
</RelativeLayout>
<RelativeLayout
android:id="@+id/play_report_speed_layout"
android:layout_width="wrap_content"
android:layout_height="23.0dip"
android:layout_centerVertical="true"
android:layout_marginRight="24.0dip"
android:layout_toLeftOf="@+id/play_rl_power_info" >
<TextView
android:id="@+id/play_report_speed_text"
android:layout_width="wrap_content"
android:layout_height="wrap_content"
android:textColor="@color/background_white_50"
android:gravity="center" />
</RelativeLayout>
<ImageButton
android:id="@+id/btn_back_land"
android:layout_width="wrap_content"
android:layout_height="wrap_content"
android:layout_alignParentLeft="true"
android:layout_centerVertical="true"
android:background="@null"
android:padding="15.0dip"
android:src="@drawable/detail_back_ico_selector" />
<LinearLayout
android:id="@+id/play_title_info"
android:layout_width="wrap_content"
android:layout_height="wrap_content"
android:layout_centerVertical="true"
android:layout_marginLeft="10.0dip"
android:layout_marginRight="10.0dip"
android:layout_toLeftOf="@+id/play_report_error_layout"
android:layout_toRightOf="@+id/btn_back_land"
android:gravity="center_vertical"
android:orientation="vertical" >
<TextView
android:id="@+id/play_title_info_name_land"
android:layout_width="wrap_content"
android:layout_height="wrap_content"
android:ellipsize="marquee"
android:gravity="left"
android:marqueeRepeatLimit="marquee_forever"
android:singleLine="true"
android:textColor="#ffffffff"
android:textSize="20.0sp" />
</LinearLayout>
</RelativeLayout>
在上面的资源文件中只需要关注play_iv_battery这个ImageView
stat_sys_battery_charge.xml
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8"?>
<level-list
xmlns:android="http://schemas.android.com/apk/res/android">
<item android:maxLevel="14">
<animation-list android:oneshot="false"
xmlns:android="http://schemas.android.com/apk/res/android">
<item android:duration="2000" android:drawable="@drawable/stat_sys_battery_charge_anim0" />
<item android:duration="1000" android:drawable="@drawable/stat_sys_battery_charge_anim1" />
<item android:duration="1000" android:drawable="@drawable/stat_sys_battery_charge_anim2" />
<item android:duration="1000" android:drawable="@drawable/stat_sys_battery_charge_anim3" />
<item android:duration="1000" android:drawable="@drawable/stat_sys_battery_charge_anim4" />
<item android:duration="1000" android:drawable="@drawable/stat_sys_battery_charge_anim5" />
</animation-list>
</item>
<item android:maxLevel="29">
<animation-list android:oneshot="false"
xmlns:android="http://schemas.android.com/apk/res/android">
<item android:duration="2000" android:drawable="@drawable/stat_sys_battery_charge_anim1" />
<item android:duration="1000" android:drawable="@drawable/stat_sys_battery_charge_anim2" />
<item android:duration="1000" android:drawable="@drawable/stat_sys_battery_charge_anim3" />
<item android:duration="1000" android:drawable="@drawable/stat_sys_battery_charge_anim4" />
<item android:duration="1000" android:drawable="@drawable/stat_sys_battery_charge_anim5" />
</animation-list>
</item>
<item android:maxLevel="49">
<animation-list android:oneshot="false"
xmlns:android="http://schemas.android.com/apk/res/android">
<item android:duration="2000" android:drawable="@drawable/stat_sys_battery_charge_anim2" />
<item android:duration="1000" android:drawable="@drawable/stat_sys_battery_charge_anim3" />
<item android:duration="1000" android:drawable="@drawable/stat_sys_battery_charge_anim4" />
<item android:duration="1000" android:drawable="@drawable/stat_sys_battery_charge_anim5" />
</animation-list>
</item>
<item android:maxLevel="69">
<animation-list android:oneshot="false"
xmlns:android="http://schemas.android.com/apk/res/android">
<item android:duration="2000" android:drawable="@drawable/stat_sys_battery_charge_anim3" />
<item android:duration="1000" android:drawable="@drawable/stat_sys_battery_charge_anim4" />
<item android:duration="1000" android:drawable="@drawable/stat_sys_battery_charge_anim5" />
</animation-list>
</item>
<item android:maxLevel="89">
<animation-list android:oneshot="false"
xmlns:android="http://schemas.android.com/apk/res/android">
<item android:duration="2000" android:drawable="@drawable/stat_sys_battery_charge_anim4" />
<item android:duration="1000" android:drawable="@drawable/stat_sys_battery_charge_anim5" />
</animation-list>
</item>
<item android:drawable="@drawable/stat_sys_battery_charge_anim5" android:maxLevel="101" />
</level-list>
stat_sys_battery.xml
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8"?>
<level-list
xmlns:android="http://schemas.android.com/apk/res/android">
<item android:drawable="@drawable/stat_sys_battery_0" android:maxLevel="4" />
<item android:drawable="@drawable/stat_sys_battery_10" android:maxLevel="14" />
<item android:drawable="@drawable/stat_sys_battery_20" android:maxLevel="29" />
<item android:drawable="@drawable/stat_sys_battery_40" android:maxLevel="49" />
<item android:drawable="@drawable/stat_sys_battery_60" android:maxLevel="69" />
<item android:drawable="@drawable/stat_sys_battery_80" android:maxLevel="89" />
<item android:drawable="@drawable/stat_sys_battery_100" android:maxLevel="100" />
</level-list>
private class BatteryInfoBroadcastReceiver extends BroadcastReceiver
{
@Override
public void onReceive(Context context, Intent intent)
{
int status = intent.getIntExtra("status", 0);
int level = intent.getIntExtra("level", 0);
switch (status) {
case BatteryManager.BATTERY_STATUS_UNKNOWN:
play_iv_battery.setImageResource(R.drawable.stat_sys_battery_unknown);
break;
case BatteryManager.BATTERY_STATUS_CHARGING:
Toast.makeText(MainActivity.this, "正在充电", 300).show();
play_iv_battery.setImageResource(R.drawable.stat_sys_battery_charge);
play_iv_battery.getDrawable().setLevel(level);
break;
case BatteryManager.BATTERY_STATUS_DISCHARGING:
play_iv_battery.setImageResource(R.drawable.stat_sys_battery);
play_iv_battery.getDrawable().setLevel(level);
Toast.makeText(MainActivity.this, "正在放电", 300).show();
break;
case BatteryManager.BATTERY_STATUS_NOT_CHARGING:
break;
case BatteryManager.BATTERY_STATUS_FULL:
play_iv_battery.setImageResource(R.drawable.stat_sys_battery_100);
break;
}
}
}
IntentFilter mIntentFilter = new IntentFilter();mIntentFilter.addAction(Intent.ACTION_BATTERY_CHANGED);
batteryInfo = new BatteryInfoBroadcastReceiver();
registerReceiver(batteryInfo, mIntentFilter);
至于资源文件我是从 *度视频apk里得到的,自己去反编译找。
参考:http://developer.android.com/training/monitoring-device-state/battery-monitoring.html