SpringBoot整合Spring Data JPA

SpringBoot整合Spring Data JPA

Spring Data JPA 是 Spring Data家族中的一员

JPA和Spring Data JPA的关系

JPA（java persistence API）java持久层规范，定义了⼀系列 ORM 接⼝，它本身是不能直接使⽤，接
⼝必须实现才能使⽤，Hibernate 框架就是⼀个实现了 JPA 规范的框架。

Spring Data JPA 是 Spring 框架提供的对 JPA 规范的抽象，通过约定的命名规范完成持久层接⼝的编
写，在不需要实现接⼝的情况下，就可以完成对数据库的操作。
简单理解，通过 Spring Data JPA 只需要定义接⼝⽽不需要实现，就能完成 CRUD 操作。
Spring Data JPA 本身并不是⼀个具体的实现，它只是⼀个抽象层，底层还是需要 Hibernate 这样的 JPA
来提供⽀持。

Spring Data JPA 和 Spring JdbcTemplate 的关系

Spring JdbcTemplate 是 Spring 框架提供的⼀套操作数据库的模版，Spring Data JPA 是 JPA 的抽象。

下面总结快速开发Spring Data JPA流程

1. 创建项目

   

2. pom.xml文件

   <?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
   <project xmlns="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
            xsi:schemaLocation="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0 https://maven.apache.org/xsd/maven-4.0.0.xsd">
       <modelVersion>4.0.0</modelVersion>
       <parent>
           <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
           <artifactId>spring-boot-starter-parent</artifactId>
           <version>2.5.2</version>
           <relativePath/> <!-- lookup parent from repository -->
       </parent>
       <groupId>hyn.zdc</groupId>
       <artifactId>jpa</artifactId>
       <version>0.0.1-SNAPSHOT</version>
       <name>jpa</name>
       <description>Demo project for Spring Boot</description>
       <properties>
           <java.version>1.8</java.version>
       </properties>
       <dependencies>
           <dependency>
               <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
               <artifactId>spring-boot-starter-data-jpa</artifactId>
           </dependency>
           <dependency>
               <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
               <artifactId>spring-boot-starter-jdbc</artifactId>
           </dependency>
           <dependency>
               <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
               <artifactId>spring-boot-starter-web</artifactId>
           </dependency>
   
           <dependency>
               <groupId>mysql</groupId>
               <artifactId>mysql-connector-java</artifactId>
               <version>8.0.25</version>
           </dependency>
           <dependency>
               <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
               <artifactId>spring-boot-starter-test</artifactId>
               <scope>test</scope>
           </dependency>
           <dependency>
               <groupId>org.projectlombok</groupId>
               <artifactId>lombok</artifactId>
               <version>1.18.20</version>
           </dependency>
       </dependencies>
   
       <build>
           <plugins>
               <plugin>
                   <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
                   <artifactId>spring-boot-maven-plugin</artifactId>
               </plugin>
           </plugins>
       </build>
   
   </project>
   

3. 创建实体类完成与表的映射

   数据库表

   

package hyn.zdc.jpa.entity;

import lombok.Data;

import javax.persistence.*;

@Data
@Entity(name = "user")
public class User {
    @Id
    @GeneratedValue(strategy = GenerationType.IDENTITY)
    private Integer id;
    @Column
    private String username;
    @Column
    private String password;
    @Column
    private Integer age;
}

• @Entity 将实体类与数据表进⾏映射

• @Id 将实体类中的成员变量与数据表的主键进⾏映射，⼀般都是 id

• @GeneratedValue 表示⾃动⽣成主键，strategy 为主键选择⽣成策略

• @Column 将实体类中的成员变量与数据表的普通字段进⾏映射

  ​

创建UserRepository

package hyn.zdc.jpa.repository;

import hyn.zdc.jpa.entity.User;
import org.springframework.data.jpa.repository.JpaRepository;

public interface UserRepository extends JpaRepository<User,Integer> {
    public User findByUsername(String username);
}

继承JpaRepository接口，对于接口里没有的方法，手写方法也会自动生成。

创建Handler

package hyn.zdc.jpa.controller;

import hyn.zdc.jpa.entity.User;
import hyn.zdc.jpa.repository.UserRepository;
import org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.Autowired;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.*;

import java.util.List;

@RestController
@RequestMapping("/user")
public class UserHandler {
    @Autowired
    private UserRepository userRepository;
    @GetMapping("/findAll")
    public List<User> findAll(){
        return userRepository.findAll();
    }
    @GetMapping("/findById/{id}")
    public User findById(@PathVariable("id") Integer id){
        return userRepository.findById(id).get();
    }
    @PostMapping("/save")
    public void save(@RequestBody User user){
       userRepository.save(user);
    }
    @PutMapping("/update")
    public void update(@RequestBody User user){
        userRepository.save(user);
    }
    @DeleteMapping("/deleteById/{id}")
    public void deleteById(@PathVariable("id") Integer id){
        userRepository.deleteById(id);
    }
    @GetMapping("/findByUserName/{username}")
    public User findByUserName(@PathVariable("username") String username){
        return userRepository.findByUsername(username);
    }
}

最后看一下yaml文件

appllication.yml

spring:
  profiles:
    active: dev

application-dev.application

server:
  port: 8080

spring:
  jpa:
    show-sql: true
    properties:
      hibernate:
        format_sql: true
  datasource:
    driver-class-name: com.mysql.cj.jdbc.Driver
    username: root
    password: root
    url: jdbc:mysql://localhost:3306/db_spring?useUnicode=true&characterEncoding=UTF-8&serverTimezone=UTC&useSSL=false
urce:
    driver-class-name: com.mysql.cj.jdbc.Driver
    username: root
    password: root
    url: jdbc:mysql://localhost:3306/db_spring?useUnicode=true&characterEncoding=UTF-8&serverTimezone=UTC&useSSL=false