1 安装需要的依赖
pip install selenium
pip install scrapy
pip install pymysql
PhantomJS下载地址: http://phantomjs.org/download.html
2 创建scrapy项目
scrapy startproject bilibili
cd bilibili
scrapy genspider bilibili bilibili.com
目录说明:
scrapy.cfg 项目的配置信息
items.py 数据存储模板
pipelines 数据处理,数据持久化
settings.py 配置文件
spiders 爬虫目录
3 编写配置文件setting.py
这里我们设置了简单的反爬机制,随机选定一个浏览器头,开启了日志记录,对原有的默认设置做了简单的定制
# -*- coding: utf-8 -*-
import random
BOT_NAME = 'Bilibili'
SPIDER_MODULES = ['Bilibili.spiders']
NEWSPIDER_MODULE = 'Bilibili.spiders'
# 数据库配置
DBKWARGS={'db':'ABVideos','user':'root', 'passwd':'root',
'host':'localhost','use_unicode':True, 'charset':'utf8'}
# DOWNLOAD_HANDLERS = {'S3':None}
#日志文件
LOG_FILE = "BVideosScrapy.log"
# 浏览器请求头,很多网站都会检查客户端的headers,
# 比如豆瓣就是每一个请求都检查headers的user_agent,否则只会返回403,可以开启
DEFAULT_REQUEST_HEADERS = {
'Accept': 'text/html,application/xhtml+xml,application/xml;q=0.9,*/*;q=0.8',
'Accept-Language': 'en',
}
#中间件设置
DOWNLOADER_MIDDLEWARES = {
'Bilibili.middlewares.UserAgentMiddleware': 400,
'Bilibili.middlewares.bilibiliDownloaderMiddleware': 401,
#调用中间件
# 'scrapy_crawlera.CrawleraMiddleware': 600
}
CRAWLERA_PRESERVE_DELAY = True
CRAWLERA_ENABLED = True
CRAWLERA_USER = 'a357e516e11440a9846f32067f6d9cb6'
CRAWLERA_PASS = ''
#浏览器请求头,这个必须要有
USER_AGENT_LIST=[
"Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 6.1; WOW64) AppleWebKit/537.1 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/22.0.1207.1 Safari/537.1",
"Mozilla/5.0 (X11; CrOS i686 2268.111.0) AppleWebKit/536.11 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/20.0.1132.57 Safari/536.11",
"Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 6.1; WOW64) AppleWebKit/536.6 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/20.0.1092.0 Safari/536.6",
"Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 6.2) AppleWebKit/536.6 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/20.0.1090.0 Safari/536.6",
"Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 6.2; WOW64) AppleWebKit/537.1 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/19.77.34.5 Safari/537.1",
"Mozilla/5.0 (X11; Linux x86_64) AppleWebKit/536.5 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/19.0.1084.9 Safari/536.5",
"Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 6.0) AppleWebKit/536.5 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/19.0.1084.36 Safari/536.5",
"Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 6.1; WOW64) AppleWebKit/536.3 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/19.0.1063.0 Safari/536.3",
"Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 5.1) AppleWebKit/536.3 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/19.0.1063.0 Safari/536.3",
"Mozilla/4.0 (compatible; MSIE 7.0; Windows NT 5.1; Trident/4.0; SE 2.X MetaSr 1.0; SE 2.X MetaSr 1.0; .NET CLR 2.0.50727; SE 2.X MetaSr 1.0)",
"Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 6.2) AppleWebKit/536.3 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/19.0.1062.0 Safari/536.3",
"Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 6.1; WOW64) AppleWebKit/536.3 (KHTML, like Gecko) Ch