Linux—磁盘分区及挂载及Swap交换区添加

检查磁盘情况

[root@VM_100_8_centos ~]# df -h

Filesystem Size Used Avail Use% Mounted on

/dev/vda1 20G 1.1G 18G 6% /

 

查看硬盘个数及分区

[root@VM_100_8_centos ~]# fdisk -l

Disk /dev/vda: 21.5 GB, 21474836480 bytes

255 heads, 63 sectors/track, 2610 cylinders

Units = cylinders of 16065 * 512 = 8225280 bytes

Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 512 bytes

I/O size (minimum/optimal): 512 bytes / 512 bytes

Disk identifier: 0x000736d7

 

Device Boot Start End Blocks Id System

/dev/vda1 * 1 2611 20970496 83 Linux

 

Disk /dev/vdb: 536.9 GB, 536870912000 bytes

16 heads, 63 sectors/track, 1040253 cylinders

Units = cylinders of 1008 * 512 = 516096 bytes

Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 512 bytes

I/O size (minimum/optimal): 512 bytes / 512 bytes

Disk identifier: 0x00000000

对这块500GB的硬盘进行分区

[root@VM_100_8_centos ~]# fdisk /dev/vdb

Device contains neither a valid DOS partition table, nor Sun, SGI or OSF disklabel

Building a new DOS disklabel with disk identifier 0x1bad5276.

Changes will remain in memory only, until you decide to write them.

After that, of course, the previous content won't be recoverable.

 

Warning: invalid flag 0x0000 of partition table 4 will be corrected by w(rite)

 

WARNING: DOS-compatible mode is deprecated. It's strongly recommended to

switch off the mode (command 'c') and change display units to

sectors (command 'u').

 

Command (m for help): n

Command action

e extended

p primary partition (1-4)

p

Partition number (1-4): 1

First cylinder (1-1040253, default 1):

Using default value 1

Last cylinder, +cylinders or +size{K,M,G} (1-1040253, default 1040253):

Using default value 1040253

 

Command (m for help): wq

The partition table has been altered!

 

Calling ioctl() to re-read partition table.

Syncing disks.

再次查看磁盘个数及分区

[root@VM_100_8_centos ~]# fdisk -l

 

Disk /dev/vda: 21.5 GB, 21474836480 bytes

255 heads, 63 sectors/track, 2610 cylinders

Units = cylinders of 16065 * 512 = 8225280 bytes

Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 512 bytes

I/O size (minimum/optimal): 512 bytes / 512 bytes

Disk identifier: 0x000736d7

 

Device Boot Start End Blocks Id System

/dev/vda1 * 1 2611 20970496 83 Linux

 

Disk /dev/vdb: 536.9 GB, 536870912000 bytes

16 heads, 63 sectors/track, 1040253 cylinders

Units = cylinders of 1008 * 512 = 516096 bytes

Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 512 bytes

I/O size (minimum/optimal): 512 bytes / 512 bytes

Disk identifier: 0x1bad5276

 

Device Boot Start End Blocks Id System

/dev/vdb1 1 1040253 524287480+ 83 Linux

可以看到新的分区：/dev/vdb1已经创建完成。

 

格式化新分区（使用ext3扩展文件系统）

[root@VM_100_8_centos ~]# mkfs.ext4 /dev/vdb1

mke2fs 1.41.12 (17-May-2010)

Filesystem label=

OS type: Linux

Block size=4096 (log=2)

Fragment size=4096 (log=2)

Stride=0 blocks, Stripe width=0 blocks

32768000 inodes, 131071870 blocks

6553593 blocks (5.00%) reserved for the super user

First data block=0

Maximum filesystem blocks=4294967296

4000 block groups

32768 blocks per group, 32768 fragments per group

8192 inodes per group

Superblock backups stored on blocks:

32768, 98304, 163840, 229376, 294912, 819200, 884736, 1605632, 2654208,

4096000, 7962624, 11239424, 20480000, 23887872, 71663616, 78675968,

102400000

 

Writing inode tables: done

Creating journal (32768 blocks): done

Writing superblocks and filesystem accounting information: done

 

This filesystem will be automatically checked every 36 mounts or

180 days, whichever comes first. Use tune2fs -c or -i to override.

 

创建挂载目录

[root@VM_100_8_centos /]# mkdir /u01

[root@VM_100_8_centos /]# ls

bin data etc lib lost+found mnt proc sbin srv tmp usr

boot dev home lib64 media opt root selinux sys u01 var

[root@VM_100_8_centos /]#

 

挂载分区到目录

[root@VM_100_8_centos ~]# mount /dev/vdb1 /u01

[root@VM_100_8_centos ~]#

[root@VM_100_8_centos ~]# df -h

Filesystem Size Used Avail Use% Mounted on

/dev/vda1 20G 1.1G 18G 6% /

/dev/vdb1 493G 198M 467G 1% /u01

 

设置开机自动挂载

[root@VM_100_8_centos ~]#

[root@VM_100_8_centos ~]# cat /etc/fstab

/dev/vda1 / ext3 noatime,acl,user_xattr 1 1

proc /proc proc defaults 0 0

sysfs /sys sysfs noauto 0 0

debugfs /sys/kernel/debug debugfs noauto 0 0

devpts /dev/pts devpts mode=0620,gid=5 0 0

[root@VM_100_8_centos ~]# vim /etc/fstab

[root@VM_100_8_centos ~]#

[root@VM_100_8_centos ~]# cat /etc/fstab

/dev/vda1 / ext3 noatime,acl,user_xattr 1 1

proc /proc proc defaults 0 0

sysfs /sys sysfs noauto 0 0

debugfs /sys/kernel/debug debugfs noauto 0 0

devpts /dev/pts devpts mode=0620,gid=5 0 0

/dev/vdb1 /u01 ext3 defaults 0 0

[root@VM_100_8_centos ~]#

重启

[root@VM_100_8_centos ~]# reboot

查看现在磁盘情况

[root@VM_100_8_centos ~]# df -h

Filesystem Size Used Avail Use% Mounted on

/dev/vda1 20G 1.1G 18G 6% /

/dev/vdb1 493G 198M 467G 1% /u01

[root@VM_100_8_centos ~]#

 

 

 

 

查看操作系统版本

添加swap文件：

 

 

 

转换swap格式：

 

挂载Swap:

 

设置开机自动挂载

 

vim /etc/fstab

添加如下内容：

/u01/mem.swap swap swap defaults 0 0