定义:
一个类有且仅有一个实例,并且提供一个访问它的全局访问点。
要点:
1、类只能有一个实例;
2、必须自行创建此实例;
3、必须自行向整个系统提供此实例。
实现一:单例模式结构代码
singleton.h文件代码如下:
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#ifndef _SINGLETON_H_
#define _SINGLETON_H_
class
Singleton
{
public
:
static
Singleton* GetInstance();
protected
:
Singleton();
private
:
static
Singleton *_instance;
};
#endif
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singleton.cpp文件代码如下:
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#include "singleton.h"
#include <iostream>
using
namespace
std;
Singleton* Singleton::_instance = 0;
Singleton::Singleton()
{
cout<<
"create Singleton ..."
<<endl;
}
Singleton* Singleton::GetInstance()
{
if
(0 == _instance)
{
_instance =
new
Singleton();
}
else
{
cout<<
"already exist"
<<endl;
}
return
_instance;
}
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main.cpp文件代码如下:
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#include "singleton.h"
int
main()
{
Singleton *t = Singleton::GetInstance();
t->GetInstance();
return
0;
}
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实现二:打印机实例
singleton.h文件代码如下:
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#ifndef _SINGLETON_H_
#define _SINGLETON_H_
class
Singleton
{
public
:
static
Singleton* GetInstance();
void
printSomething(
const
char
* str2Print);
protected
:
Singleton();
private
:
static
Singleton *_instance;
int
count;
};
#endif
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singleton.cpp文件代码如下:
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#include "singleton.h"
#include <iostream>
using
namespace
std;
Singleton* Singleton::_instance = 0;
Singleton::Singleton()
{
cout<<
"create Singleton ..."
<<endl;
count=0;
}
Singleton* Singleton::GetInstance()
{
if
(0 == _instance)
{
_instance =
new
Singleton();
}
else
{
cout<<
"Instance already exist"
<<endl;
}
return
_instance;
}
void
Singleton::printSomething(
const
char
* str2Print)
{
cout<<
"printer is now working , the sequence : "
<<++count<<endl;
cout<<str2Print<<endl;
cout<<
"done\n"
<<endl;
}
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main.cpp文件代码如下:
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#include "singleton.h"
int
main()
{
Singleton *t1 = Singleton::GetInstance();
t1->GetInstance();
t1->printSomething(
"t1"
);
Singleton *t2 = Singleton::GetInstance();
t2->printSomething(
"t2"
);
return
0;
}
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Makefile文件:
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CC=g++
CFLAGS = -g -O2 -Wall
all:
make singleton
singleton:singleton.o\
main.o
${CC} -o singleton main.o singleton.o
clean:
rm -rf singleton
rm -f *.o
.cpp.o:
$(CC) $(CFLAGS) -c -o $*.o $<
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运行效果如下图所示:
可以看到,对打印顺序count的计数是连续的,系统中只有一个打印设备。
多线程,防止死锁,
class
locker
{
public:
inline
locker() {
pthread_mutex_init(&mutex,
NULL); }
inline
~locker() {
pthread_mutex_destroy(&mutex); }
inline
void
lock() {
pthread_mutex_lock(&mutex); }
inline
void
unlock() {
pthread_mutex_unlock(&mutex); }
private:
pthread_mutex_t mutex;
};
赖汉单例模式代码:
if (
NULL == m_singleton)
{
locker llock;
llock.
lock();
if (
NULL == m_singleton)
{
m_singleton =
new
_singleton();
}
llock.
unlock();
}
return m_singleton;