一、复数类应该具有的操作
运算(+、-、*、/)、比较(==、!=)、赋值(=)、求模
利用操作符重载:
1.统一复数和实数的运算方式
2.统一复数和实数的比较方式
Complex.h
#ifndef _COMPLEX_H_
#define _COMPLEX_H_
class Complex
{
private:
double a;
double b;
public:
Complex(double a = 0, double b = 0);//使用默认参数要在声明的地方指明
double getA();
double getB();
double getModulus();
Complex operator + (const Complex& c);
Complex operator - (const Complex& c);
Complex operator * (const Complex& c);
Complex operator / (const Complex& c);
bool operator == (const Complex& c);
bool operator != (const Complex& c);
Complex& operator = (const Complex& c);
};
#endif
Complex.cpp
#include"Complex.h"
#include<cmath>
Complex::Complex(double a, double b)//定义的地方无需再指明默认参数
{
this->a = a;
this->b = b;
}
double Complex::getA()
{
return a;
}
double Complex::getB()
{
return b;
}
double Complex::getModulus()
{
return sqrt(a*a + b*b);
}
Complex Complex::operator + (const Complex& c)
{
double na = a + c.a;
double nb = b + c.b;
Complex ret(na, nb);
return ret;
}
Complex Complex::operator - (const Complex& c)
{
double na = a - c.a;
double nb = b - c.b;
Complex ret(na, nb);
return ret;
}
Complex Complex::operator * (const Complex& c)
{
double na = a*c.a -b*c.b;
double nb = a*c.b + b*c.a;
Complex ret(na, nb);
return ret;
}
Complex Complex::operator / (const Complex& c)
{
double cm = c.a*c.a + c.b*c.b;
double na = (a*c.a + b*c.b) / cm;
double nb = (b*c.a - a*c.b) / cm;
Complex ret(na, nb);
return ret;
}
bool Complex::operator == (const Complex& c)
{
bool ret = ((a ==c.a) && (b == c.b));
return ret;
}
bool Complex::operator != (const Complex& c)
{
return !(*this == c);
}
Complex& Complex::operator = (const Complex& c)//返回值为引用的原因是为了可以连续赋值
{
if(this != &c)
{
this->a = c.a;
this->b = c.b;
}
return *this;
}
Complex-main.cpp
#include"Complex.h"
#include<iostream>
#include<cmath>
using namespace std;
int main()
{
Complex a1(1, 2);
Complex a2(3, 4);
Complex a5(3, 4);
Complex a3 = a2 + a1;
Complex a4 = a2 - a1;
cout<<"a3="<<a3.getA()<<","<<a3.getB()<<endl;
cout<<"a4="<<a4.getA()<<","<<a4.getB()<<endl;
cout<<"a1!=a2:"<<(a1!=a2)<<endl;
cout<<"a2==a5:"<<(a2==a5)<<endl;
cout<<"|a1|="<<a1.getModulus()<<endl;
(a3=a2)=a1;
cout<<"a3="<<a3.getA()<<","<<a3.getB()<<endl;
return 0;
}
注意事项:
1.c++规定赋值操作符只能重载为成员函数
2.操作符重载不能改变原操作符的优先级
3.操作符重载不能改变操作数的个数
4.操作符重载不应改变操作符的原有语义
小结:
1.复数的概念可以通过自定义类实现
2.复数中的运算操作可以通过操作符重载实现
3.赋值操作符只能通过成员函数来实现
4.操作符重载的本质是函数定义