pytest【assert声明和检测预期异常】

一、assert 声明

使用pytest编写测试用例时，若需要传递失败消息，则可直接使用python中自带的assert关键字

如果使用了其他的测试框架，则会看到许多以assert开头的函数，下面列举了使用assert与各种以assert开头的函数的区别

pytest	unittest
assert something	assertTrue(something)
assert a == b	assertEqual(a, b)
assert a <= b	assertLessEqual(a, b)
…	…

pytest允许assert关键字后面添加任何表达式，如果表达式的值通过了bool转换后等于False，则意味测试失败。

import pytest

result = [(1,2,3), (3, 2, 1), ('do_something', True, 'everyday')]

@pytest.mark.test_01
def test_01_pass():
    expected = (1, 2, 3)
    assert expected == result[2]

@pytest.mark.test_03
def test_02_passing():
    ex_0 = (3, 2, 1)
    ex_1 = ('do_something', True)
    assert ex_0 == ex_1

以下展示都是assert失败的例子，可以看到回溯信息非常的丰富。

F:\TESTING\BlogPosts\ReadPytest>pytest test_one.py
================================================================================== test session starts ===================================================================================
collected 2 items                                                                                                                                                                         

test_one.py FF                                                                                                                                                                      [100%]

======================================================================================== FAILURES ========================================================================================
______________________________________________________________________________________ test_01_pass ______________________________________________________________________________________

    @pytest.mark.test_01
    def test_01_pass():
        expected = (1, 2, 3)
>       assert expected == result[2]
E       AssertionError: assert (1, 2, 3) == ('do_somethin...e, 'everyday')
E         At index 0 diff: 1 != 'do_something'
E         Use -v to get the full diff

test_one.py:16: AssertionError
____________________________________________________________________________________ test_02_passing _____________________________________________________________________________________

    @pytest.mark.test_03
    def test_02_passing():
        ex_0 = (3, 2, 1)
        ex_1 = ('do_something', True)
>       assert ex_0 == ex_1
E       AssertionError: assert (3, 2, 1) == ('do_something', True)
E         At index 0 diff: 3 != 'do_something'
E         Left contains one more item: 1
E         Use -v to get the full diff

test_one.py:22: AssertionError
================================================================================ short test summary info ===&