pytest【参数化测试 二】

@pytest.mark.parametrize：参数化测试功能

使用内置的pytest.mark.parametrize装饰器为测试函数启用参数的参数化。下面是字符串/元组/列表/字典等示例，该功能实现检查某些输入是否导致期望的输出

注意：parametrize里面传的参数均为序列类型的数据，传小数或整数时会报类型错误

获取单个参数化

import pytest


@pytest.mark.parametrize('a', '5')
def test_01_fourteen(a):
    print(a)


@pytest.mark.parametrize('a', (5, 6))
def test_02_fourteen(a):
    print(a)


@pytest.mark.parametrize('a', [5, 5])
def test_03_fourteen(a):
    print(a)


@pytest.mark.parametrize('a', {'5': 5})
def test_04_fourteen(a):
    print(a)


if __name__ == '__main__':
    pytest.main(['-s', 'test_fourteen.py'])

运行后的结果如下：

STING\BlogPosts\ReadPytest\ch1>pytest -s -v test_fourteen.py
================================================================================== test session starts ===================================================================================
collected 6 items                                                                                                                                                                         

test_fourteen.py::test_01_fourteen[5] 5
PASSED
test_fourteen.py::test_02_fourteen[5] 5
PASSED
test_fourteen.py::test_02_fourteen[6] 6
PASSED
test_fourteen.py::test_03_fourteen[50] 5
PASSED
test_fourteen.py::test_03_fourteen[51] 5
PASSED
test_fourteen.py::test_04_fourteen[5] 5
PASSED

=================================================================================== 6 passed in 0.03s ====================================================================================

---

获取多个参数化的组合

import pytest


@pytest.mark.parametrize('a, b', [(5+5, 10), (10+10, 20)])
def test_fourteen(a, b):
    assert a == b


if __name__ == '__main__':
    pytest.main(['-s', 'test_fourteen.py'])

运行后的结果如下：

(python_env) F:\TESTING\BlogPosts\ReadPytest\ch1>pytest -s -v test_fourteen.py
================================================================================== test session starts ===================================================================================
collected 2 items                                                                                                                                                                         

test_fourteen.py::test_fourteen[10-10] PASSED
test_fourteen.py::test_fourteen[20-20] PASSED

=================================================================================== 2 passed in 0.06s ====================================================================================

---

堆叠 parametrize装饰器获取参数组合：

import pytest


class TestTwelve:

    @pytest.mark.parametrize('actual', [1, 2])
    @pytest.mark.parametrize('expect', [3, 4])
    def test_twelve(self, actual, expect):
        print(actual, expect)

运行后的结果如下：

(python_env) F:\TESTING\BlogPosts\ReadPytest\ch1>pytest -s -v test_twelve.py
================================================================================== test session starts ===================================================================================
collected 4 items                                                                                                                                                                         

test_twelve.py::TestTwelve::test_twelve[3-1] 1 3
PASSED
test_twelve.py::TestTwelve::test_twelve[3-2] 2 3
PASSED
test_twelve.py::TestTwelve::test_twelve[4-1] 1 4
PASSED
test_twelve.py::TestTwelve::test_twelve[4-2] 2 4
PASSED

=================================================================================== 4 passed in 0.07s ====================================================================================

运行后与设定参数的测试actual=1/expect=3，actual=2/expect=3， actual=1/expect=4，并actual=2/expect=4在装饰的顺序排出参数。

---

也可以在参数化中标记各个测试实例，例如使用内置的mark.xfail：

import pytest


@pytest.mark.parametrize(
    'test, expected',
    [('3+5', 8), ('2+4', 6), pytest.param('6*9', 42, marks=pytest.mark.xfail)]
)
def test_thirteen(test, expected):
    assert eval(test) == expected


if __name__ == '__main__':
    pytest.main(['-s', 'test_thirteen.py'])

运行后的结果如下：

(python_env) F:\TESTING\BlogPosts\ReadPytest\ch1>pytest -s -v test_thirteen.py
================================================================================== test session starts ===================================================================================
collected 3 items                                                                                                                                                                         

test_thirteen.py::test_thirteen[3+5-8] PASSED
test_thirteen.py::test_thirteen[2+4-6] PASSED
test_thirteen.py::test_thirteen[6*9-42] XFAIL

============================================================================== 2 passed, 1 xfailed in 0.06s ==============================================================================

先前设置失败的参数，现在显示未“xfailed （预期失败）”测试。

---

parametrize中的id选项，每次运行时pytest将构建一个字符串，该字符串是参数化测试中每组值的测试id，没指定id时pytest会自动创建，指定后会显示你指定的id名称

import pytest


@pytest.mark.parametrize('a, b', [(1, 2), (3, 4)], ids=['a', 'b'])
def test_fourteen(a, b):
    print(a, b)


if __name__ == '__main__':
    pytest.main(['-s', 'test_fourteen.py'])

运行后的结果如下：

(python_env) F:\TESTING\BlogPosts\ReadPytest\ch1>pytest -s -v test_fourteen.py
================================================================================== test session starts ===================================================================================
collected 2 items                                                                                                                                                                         

test_fourteen.py::test_fourteen[a] 1 2
PASSED
test_fourteen.py::test_fourteen[b] 3 4
PASSED

=================================================================================== 2 passed in 0.06s ====================================================================================

---

当然也可以为单个测试设置参数化的id值

import pytest


@pytest.mark.parametrize(
    'a, b, expected',
    [pytest.param(5, 8, 40, id='first'),
     pytest.param(6, 9, 50, id='second')
     ]
)
def test_thirteen(a, b, expected):
    product = a * b
    assert product == expected


if __name__ == '__main__':
    pytest.main(['-s', 'test_thirteen.py'])

运行后的结果如下：

BlogPosts\ReadPytest\ch1>pytest -s -v test_thirteen.py
================================================================================== test session starts ===================================================================================
collected 2 items                                                                                                                                                                         

test_thirteen.py::test_thirteen[first] PASSED
test_thirteen.py::test_thirteen[second] FAILED

======================================================================================== FAILURES ========================================================================================
_________________________________________________________________________________ test_thirteen[second] __________________________________________________________________________________

a = 6, b = 9, expected = 50

    @pytest.mark.parametrize(
        'a, b, expected',
        [pytest.param(5, 8, 40, id='first'),
         pytest.param(6, 9, 50, id='second')
         ]
    )
    def test_thirteen(a, b, expected):
        product = a * b
>       assert product == expected
E       assert 54 == 50
E         +54
E         -50

test_thirteen.py:20: AssertionError
================================================================================ short test summary info =================================================================================
FAILED test_thirteen.py::test_thirteen[second] - assert 54 == 50
============================================================================== 1 failed, 1 passed in 0.10s ===============================================================================

---

上面简介了第二部分的参数化在测试中的基础使用，总结如有不当之处，还请提出疑义，后面会加以修改，多谢阅读！