接口自动化：requests库基础使用

接下来。装逼开始....

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安装第三方库

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安装请求库

pip install requests

更新请求库

pip install -U requests

安装或者更新完成以后，首先要导入requests库

import requests

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发送请求

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发送get请求：

# 部分源码
def get(url, params=None, **kwargs):
    r"""Sends a GET request.

    :param url: URL for the new :class:`Request` object.
    :param params: (optional) Dictionary, list of tuples or bytes to send
        in the query string for the :class:`Request`.
    :param \*\*kwargs: Optional arguments that ``request`` takes.
    :return: :class:`Response <Response>` object
    :rtype: requests.Response
    """

    kwargs.setdefault('allow_redirects', True)
    return request('get', url, params=params, **kwargs)

如果得到请求没有参数，直接发送url分类：

r = requests.get("http://apis.juhe.cn/fapig/euro2020/schedule")

如果需要传值，params负责接收参数：

r = requests.get("http://apis.juhe.cn/fapig/euro2020/schedule", params={"key": "values"})

params接收的值就是该url的：

r = requests.get("http://apis.juhe.cn/fapig/euro2020/schedule", params={"key": "9d0dfd9dbaf51de283ee8a88e58e218b"})
print(r.url)

使用r.url获得url信息：

http://apis.juhe.cn/fapig/euro2020/schedule?key=9d0dfd9dbaf51de283ee8a88e58e218b

Process finished with exit code 0

其他 HTTP 请求类型：DELETE、HEAD 和 OPTIONS 都类似获取请求：

r = requests.delete("http://apis.juhe.cn/fapig/euro2020/schedule")
r = requests.head("http://apis.juhe.cn/fapig/euro2020/schedule")
r = requests.options("http://apis.juhe.cn/fapig/euro2020/schedule")

发送post请求：

# 部份源码
def post(url, data=None, json=None, **kwargs):
    r"""Sends a POST request.

    :param url: URL for the new :class:`Request` object.
    :param data: (optional) Dictionary, list of tuples, bytes, or file-like
        object to send in the body of the :class:`Request`.
    :param json: (optional) json data to send in the body of the :class:`Request`.
    :param \*\*kwargs: Optional arguments that ``request`` takes.
    :return: :class:`Response <Response>` object
    :rtype: requests.Response
    """

    return request('post', url, data=data, json=json, **kwargs)

如果是来自表单的数据，也就是头信息时content-type=application/x-www-form-urlencoded时，就数据传值：

r = requests.post("http://apis.juhe.cn/fapig/euro2020/schedule", data={"key": "values"})

头信息是content-type = application/json时，就json传值：

r = requests.post("http://apis.juhe.cn/fapig/euro2020/schedule", json={"key": "values"})

发送put请求：

# 部分源码
def put(url, data=None, **kwargs):
    r"""Sends a PUT request.

    :param url: URL for the new :class:`Request` object.
    :param data: (optional) Dictionary, list of tuples, bytes, or file-like
        object to send in the body of the :class:`Request`.
    :param json: (optional) json data to send in the body of the :class:`Request`.
    :param \*\*kwargs: Optional arguments that ``request`` takes.
    :return: :class:`Response <Response>` object
    :rtype: requests.Response
    """

    return request('put', url, data=data, **kwargs)

同贴请求参数类似，如果是来自表单，数据传值：

r = requests.put("http://apis.juhe.cn/fapig/euro2020/schedule", data={"key": "values"})

如果是json格式，也是直接json传值：

r = requests.put("http://apis.juhe.cn/fapig/euro2020/schedule", json={"key": "values"})

可能很疑惑，每个方法里面都有**kwargs，它是专门接收自定义字典参数的；因为这为什么可以解释了请求中没有位置参数，为什么直接传值；这是也有一个动态参数**kwargs，它负责的动态接收参数...

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响应数据

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上面每个请求都赋值给了r，r负责接收一个响应对象，也就是接收一个返回

返回文本信息：

r = requests.get("http://apis.juhe.cn/fapig/euro2020/schedule", params={"key": "9d0dfd9dbaf51de283ee8a88e58e218b"})
print(r.text)



{"reason":"查询成功!","result":{"data":[{"schedule_date":"2021-06-12","schedule_date_format":"06月12日","schedule_week":"周六"...

Process finished with exit code 0

返回编码格式：

r = requests.get("http://apis.juhe.cn/fapig/euro2020/schedule", params={"key": "9d0dfd9dbaf51de283ee8a88e58e218b"})
print(r.encoding)



utf-8

Process finished with exit code 0

返回二进制数据，用于处理图像的操作，更多说明，因为接口中不属于常用部分：

r = requests.get("http://apis.juhe.cn/fapig/euro2020/schedule", params={"key": "9d0dfd9dbaf51de283ee8a88e58e218b"})
print(r.content)



b'{"reason":"\xe6\x9f\xa5\xe8\xaf\xa2\xe6\x88\x90\xe5\x8a\x9f","result":{"data":[{"schedule_date":"2021-06-12","schedule_date_format":"06\xe6\x9c\x8812\xe6\x97\xa5","schedule_week...

Process finished with exit code 0

返回json格式信息：

r = requests.get("http://apis.juhe.cn/fapig/euro2020/schedule", params={"key": "9d0dfd9dbaf51de283ee8a88e58e218b"})
print(r.json())



{'reason': '查询成功', 'result': {'data': [{'schedule_date': '2021-06-12', 'schedule_date_format': '06月12日', 'schedule_week': '周六', ...

Process finished with exit code 0

返回原始字节流信息，流信息多用于写入文件中保存：

r = requests.get("http://apis.juhe.cn/fapig/euro2020/schedule",
                 params={"key": "9d0dfd9dbaf51de283ee8a88e58e218b"},
                 stream=True)
print(r.raw)
print(r.raw.read(100))



<urllib3.response.HTTPResponse object at 0x7fb4874f8490>
b'{"reason":"\xe6\x9f\xa5\xe8\xaf\xa2\xe6\x88\x90\xe5\x8a\x9f!","result":{"data":[{"schedule_date":"2021-06-12","schedule_date_format":"06'

Process finished with exit code 0

返回网址信息：

r = requests.get("http://apis.juhe.cn/fapig/euro2020/schedule",
                 params={"key": "9d0dfd9dbaf51de283ee8a88e58e218b"})
print(r.url)



http://apis.juhe.cn/fapig/euro2020/schedule?key=9d0dfd9dbaf51de283ee8a88e58e218b

Process finished with exit code 0

返回头信息：

r = requests.get("http://apis.juhe.cn/fapig/euro2020/schedule",
                 params={"key": "9d0dfd9dbaf51de283ee8a88e58e218b"})
print(r.headers)



{'Date': 'Sat, 12 Jun 2021 10:00:26 GMT', 'Content-Type': 'application/json;charset=utf-8', 'Transfer-Encoding': 'chunked', 'Connection': 'keep-alive'...

Process finished with exit code 0

返回cookies信息：

r = requests.get("http://apis.juhe.cn/fapig/euro2020/schedule",
                 params={"key": "9d0dfd9dbaf51de283ee8a88e58e218b"})
print(r.cookies)



<RequestsCookieJar[<Cookie aliyungf_tc=f7bf130436d7c08e9f74057699ee53ed61c20cd1349efaaae343e170ad9fcace for apis.juhe.cn/>]>

Process finished with exit code 0

返回http状态码：

r = requests.get("http://apis.juhe.cn/fapig/euro2020/schedule",
                 params={"key": "9d0dfd9dbaf51de283ee8a88e58e218b"})
print(r.status_code)



200

Process finished with exit code 0

至此，请求库的基本使用完毕...

以上总结或许能帮助到你，或许帮助不到你，但还是希望能帮助到你，如有疑问、歧义，直接私信留言会及时修正发布；感觉还不错记得点赞呦，谢谢！

未完，待续…

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