Spring MVC的主要组件

1.DispatcherServlet：作为前端控制器，负责接收所有的HTTP请求，并负责将请求分发给相应的处理器。

public class MyDispatcherServlet extends HttpServlet {
    // 初始化和配置逻辑
    @Override
    public void init(ServletConfig config) throws ServletException {
        // 初始化Spring MVC容器和组件
    }

    // 处理HTTP请求
    @Override
    protected void doGet(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response)
            throws ServletException, IOException {
        // 处理GET请求
    }

    @Override
    protected void doPost(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response)
            throws ServletException, IOException {
        // 处理POST请求
    }
}

2.Controller：处理用户的请求，调用业务逻辑，并返回模型数据和视图。 

@Controller
public class MyController {
    @RequestMapping("/myRequest")
    public ModelAndView handleRequest(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response) {
        // 处理请求的逻辑
        ModelAndView modelAndView = new ModelAndView("myView");
        modelAndView.addObject("attribute", "value");
        return modelAndView;
    }
}

3.HandlerMapping：将HTTP请求映射到Controller的具体处理方法。 

public class MyHandlerMapping implements HandlerMapping {
    @Override
    public HandlerExecutionChain getHandler(HttpServletRequest request) throws Exception {
        // 请求映射逻辑
        return new HandlerExecutionChain(new MyController());
    }
}

4.HandlerAdapter：允许DispatcherServlet调用不同的处理器（Controller）。 

public class MyHandlerAdapter implements HandlerAdapter {
    @Override
    public boolean supports(Object handler) {
        // 判断是否支持给定的处理器
        return handler instanceof MyController;
    }

    @Override
    public ModelAndView handle(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response, Object handler) {
        // 调用处理器逻辑
        return ((MyController) handler).handleRequest(request, response);
    }

    @Override
    public long getLastModified(HttpServletRequest request, Object handler) {
        // 返回最后修改时间
        return -1;
    }
}

5.ViewResolver：解析视图，将模型数据渲染到视图模板中。

public class MyViewResolver implements ViewResolver {
    @Override
    public View resolveViewName(String viewName, Locale locale) {
        // 视图解析逻辑
        return new MyView();
    }
}

6.ModelAndView：包含模型数据和视图信息，用于从Controller传递数据到视图。

public class MyController {
    @RequestMapping("/myRequest")
    public ModelAndView handleRequest(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response) {
        // 处理请求的逻辑
        ModelAndView modelAndView = new ModelAndView("myView");
        modelAndView.addObject("attribute", "value");
        return modelAndView;
    }
}

7.数据绑定：自动将请求参数绑定到Java对象上。 

@Controller
public class MyController {
    @RequestMapping("/submitForm")
    public String submitForm(@ModelAttribute MyModel myModel) {
        // 处理表单提交的数据
        return "resultPage";
    }
}

8.异常处理器：处理应用程序中的异常。 

@ControllerAdvice
public class GlobalExceptionHandler {
    @ExceptionHandler(Exception.class)
    public ModelAndView handleException(Exception exception) {
        // 异常处理逻辑
        return new ModelAndView("errorPage");
    }
}

9.消息转换器：将请求体或响应体转换为Java对象或从Java对象转换为请求体或响应体。 

@Controller
public class MyController {
    @RequestMapping(value = "/submitData", consumes = "application/json", produces = "application/json")
    @ResponseBody
    public MyModel submitData(@RequestBody MyModel myModel) {
        // 处理JSON数据
        return myModel;
    }
}

10.主题解析器：解析用户的主题偏好，如不同的样式或布局。 

public class MyThemeResolver implements ThemeResolver {
    @Override
    public String resolveThemeName(HttpServletRequest request) {
        // 主题解析逻辑
        return "myTheme";
    }

    @Override
    public void setThemeName(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response, String themeName) {
        // 设置主题名称
    }
}