使用 PyTorch 框架来实现简单的神经网络的基本代码示意。这里的代码只提供了每种类型网络的核心结构，还需要进一步编写代码来加载数据、训练模型、测试模型等。

1. 人工神经网络 (ANN)：

   import torch
   import torch.nn as nn
   import torch.nn.functional as F
   
   class Net(nn.Module):
       def __init__(self):
           super(Net, self).__init__()
           self.fc1 = nn.Linear(100, 64)
           self.fc2 = nn.Linear(64, 10)
   
       def forward(self, x):
           x = F.relu(self.fc1(x))
           x = self.fc2(x)
           return x
   
   net = Net()

2. 卷积神经网络 (CNN)：

   class CNN(nn.Module):
       def __init__(self):
           super(CNN, self).__init__()
           self.conv1 = nn.Conv2d(3, 32, kernel_size=3, stride=1, padding=1)
           self.pool = nn.MaxPool2d(kernel_size=2, stride=2, padding=0)
           self.fc1 = nn.Linear(32 * 16 * 16, 128)  # 如果输入图像是32x32x3
           self.fc2 = nn.Linear(128, 10)
   
       def forward(self, x):
           x = F.relu(self.conv1(x))
           x = self.pool(x)
           x = x.view(-1, 32 * 16 * 16)  # 展平处理
           x = F.relu(self.fc1(x))
           x = self.fc2(x)
           return x
   
   cnn = CNN()

3. 循环神经网络 (RNN)：

   class RNN(nn.Module):
       def __init__(self):
           super(RNN, self).__init__()
           self.rnn = nn.RNN(input_size=10, hidden_size=50, num_layers=2, batch_first=True)
           self.fc = nn.Linear(50, 1)
   
       def forward(self, x, h0):
           x, hn = self.rnn(x, h0)  # 默认h0为全0
           x = self.fc(x[:, -1, :])  # 只取序列最后一个时间点的输出
           return x
   
   rnn = RNN()

4. 长短期记忆网络 (LSTM)：

   class LSTMNet(nn.Module):
       def __init__(self):
           super(LSTMNet, self).__init__()
           self.lstm = nn.LSTM(input_size=10, hidden_size=50, num_layers=2, batch_first=True)
           self.fc = nn.Linear(50, 1)
   
       def forward(self, x, h0):
           x, (hn, cn) = self.lstm(x, h0)  # h0、c0默认为全0
           x = self.fc(x[:, -1, :])
           return x
   
   lstm = LSTMNet()

5. 自编码器 (AE)：

   class Autoencoder(nn.Module):
       def __init__(self):
           super(Autoencoder, self).__init__()
           self.encoder = nn.Linear(784, 128)
           self.decoder = nn.Linear(128, 784)
   
       def forward(self, x):
           x = F.relu(self.encoder(x))
           x = torch.sigmoid(self.decoder(x))
           return x
   
   autoencoder = Autoencoder()

6. 生成对抗网络 (GAN)：

   # 判别器定义
   class Discriminator(nn.Module):
       def __init__(self):
           super(Discriminator, self).__init__()
           self.fc1 = nn.Linear(784, 256)
           self.fc2 = nn.Linear(256, 256)
           self.fc3 = nn.Linear(256, 1)
   
       def forward(self, x):
           x = F.leaky_relu(self.fc1(x), 0.2)
           x = F.dropout(x, 0.3)
           x = F.leaky_relu(self.fc2(x), 0.2)
           x = F.dropout(x, 0.3)
           return torch.sigmoid(self.fc3(x))
   
   
   # 生成器定义
   class Generator(nn.Module):
       def __init__(self, z_dim):
           super(Generator, self).__init__()
           self.fc1 = nn.Linear(z_dim, 256)
           self.fc2 = nn.Linear(256, 256)
           self.fc3 = nn.Linear(256, 784)
   
       def forward(self, x):
           x = F.leaky_relu(self.fc1(x), 0.2)
           x = F.leaky_relu(self.fc2(x), 0.2)
           return torch.tanh(self.fc3(x))
   
   z_dim = 100
   D = Discriminator()
   G = Generator(z_dim)

7. 变分自编码器 (VAE) ：

   # VAE定义
   class VariationalAutoencoder(nn.Module):
       def __init__(self, z_dim):
           super(VariationalAutoencoder, self).__init__()
           self.fc1 = nn.Linear(784, 400)
           self.fc2_mu = nn.Linear(400, z_dim)  
           self.fc2_logvar = nn.Linear(400, z_dim)
           self.fc3 = nn.Linear(z_dim, 400)
           self.fc4 = nn.Linear(400, 784)
   
       def encode(self, x):
           h1 = F.relu(self.fc1(x))
           return self.fc2_mu(h1), self.fc2_logvar(h1)
   
       def reparameterize(self, mu, logvar):
           std = torch.exp(0.5*logvar)
           eps = torch.randn_like(std)
           return mu + eps*std
   
       def decode(self, z):
           h3 = F.relu(self.fc3(z))
           return torch.sigmoid(self.fc4(h3))
   
       def forward(self, x):
           mu, logvar = self.encode(x.view(-1, 784))
           z = self.reparameterize(mu, logvar)
           return self.decode(z), mu, logvar
   
   z_dim = 20
   vae = VariationalAutoencoder(z_dim)

8. 强化学习 (RL) 的一个简单 DQN（Deep Q-Network）：

   # DQN定义
   class DQN(nn.Module):
       def __init__(self, input_dim, hidden_dim, action_space):
           super(DQN, self).__init__()
           self.fc1 = nn.Linear(input_dim, hidden_dim)
           self.fc2 = nn.Linear(hidden_dim, hidden_dim)
           self.fc3 = nn.Linear(hidden_dim, action_space)
   
       def forward(self, x):
           x = F.relu(self.fc1(x))
           x = F.relu(self.fc2(x))
           return self.fc3(x)
   
   input_dim = 4  # 例如在CartPole-v1环境中的状态空间维度
   hidden_dim = 128
   action_space = 2  # CartPole-v1动作空间（左或右）
   
   dqn = DQN(input_dim, hidden_dim, action_space)