第四讲 依赖注入（Dependency Injection，简称DI）

一、依赖注入-Dependency Injection

      依赖：指bean对象的创建依赖于容器；bean对象的依赖资源。

      注入：指bean对象依赖的资源由容器来设置和装配。

二、Spring的注入

1. 构造器注入

见“第二讲 IoC创建对象的三种方式”。

2. setter注入（重点）

要求被注入的属性 必须有setter方法。setter方法的方法名由：set+属性名首字母大写。如果属性是boolean类型，返回没有getter方法是    is。

          常量注入：

public class Student {

     

      private String name ;

     

      public void setName(String name ) {

            this . name = name ;

     }

     

      public void show() {

           System. out .println( "name=" + name );

     }

     

}

      < bean id = "student" class = "com.liujie.model.Student" >

            <property name="name" value="张三"></property>

      </ bean >

          bean注入（对象注入）：

      public void setAddress(Address address ) {

            this . address = address ;

     }

      < bean id = "address" class = "com.liujie.model.Address" >

            < property name = "address" value = "北京" ></ property >

      </ bean >

     

      < bean id = "student" class = "com.liujie.model.Student" >

            < property name = "name" value = "张三" ></ property >

            < property name = "address" ref="address" ></ property >

      </ bean >

          数组注入：

      public void setBooks(String[] books ) {

            this . books = books ;

     }

      < bean id = "student" class = "com.liujie.model.Student" >

            < property name = "name" value = "张三" ></ property >

            < property name = "address" ref = "address" ></ property >

            < property name = "books" >

                 <array>

                     <value>语文</value>

                     <value>英语</value>

                     <value>数学</value>

                </array>

            </ property >

      </ bean >

          List注入：

      public void setHobbies(List<String> hobbies ) {

            this . hobbies = hobbies ;

     }

            < property name = "hobbies" >

                 <list>

                     <value>羽毛球</value>

                     <value>乒乓球</value>

                     <value>玻璃球</value>

                </list>

            </ property >

          Map注入：

      public void setCards(Map<String, String> cards ) {

            this . cards = cards ;

     }

            < property name = "cards" >

                <map>

                     <entry key="中国银行" value="15602822222222222"></entry>

                     <entry>

                           <key><value>建设银行</value></key>

                           <value>6789990209833833</value>

                     </entry>

                </map>

            </ property >

          Set注入：

      public void setGames(Set<String> games ) {

            this . games = games ;

     }

            < property name = "games" >

                <set>

                     <value>lol</value>

                     <value>dota</value>

                     <value>cs</value>

                </set>

            </ property >

          Null注入：

      public void setWife(String wife ) {

            this . wife = wife ;

     }

            < property name = "wife" >

                 <null></null>

            </ property >

          Properties注入：

      public void setInfo(Properties info ) {

            this . info = info ;

     }

            < property name = "info" >

                 <props>

                     <prop key="学号">2015052601</prop>

                     <prop key="sex">男</prop>

                     <prop key="name">小明</prop>

                </props>

            </ property >

          p命名空间注入：

public class User {

     

      private String name ;

      private int age ;

     

      public String getName() {

            return name ;

     }

      public void setName(String name ) {

            this . name = name ;

     }

      public int getAge() {

            return age ;

     }

      public void setAge( int age ) {

            this . age = age ;

     }

     

      @Override

      public String toString() {

            return "User [name=" + name + ", age=" + age + "]" ;

     }

     

}

< beans xmlns = "http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans"

      xmlns:xsi = "http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"

      xmlns:p= "http://www.springframework.org/schema/p"

      xsi:schemaLocation = "http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans

     http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans/spring-beans.xsd" >

      <!-- p命名空间注入，属性依然要设置setter方法 -->

      < bean id = "user" class = "com.liujie.model.User" p:name="李白" p:age="230" ></ bean >

          c命名空间注入：

public class User {

     

      private String name ;

      private int age ;

     

      public User() {

            super ();

     }

      public User(String name, int age ) {

            super ();

            this . name = name ;

            this . age = age ;

     }

     

      @Override

      public String toString() {

            return "User [name=" + name + ", age=" + age + "]" ;

     }

     

}

< beans xmlns = "http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans"

      xmlns:xsi = "http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"

      xmlns:c= "http://www.springframework.org/schema/c"

      xsi:schemaLocation = "http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans

     http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans/spring-beans.xsd" >

      <!-- c命名空间注入要求有对应参数的构造方法 -->

      < bean id = "user" class = "com.liujie.model.User" c:name = "杜甫" c:age = "280" ></ bean >