运行时权限（申请）处理（涉及危险权限）

说明：

• Android 6.0 开始，涉及危险权限，都需动态申请（即运行时权限处理）
• 所需权限无论是否是危险权限 均需要在清单文件声明
• 在旧的权限管理系统中，权限仅仅在App安装时询问用户一次，用户同意了这些权限   
  App才能被安装，App一旦安装后后授权不可取消。

查看权限目录：

通过 adb shell 命令

查看危险权限 adb shell pm list permissions -d -g

危险权限目录：

  Dangerous Permissions:
  group:android.permission-group.CONTACTS
          permission:android.permission.WRITE_CONTACTS
          permission:android.permission.GET_ACCOUNTS
          permission:android.permission.READ_CONTACTS

   group:android.permission-group.PHONE
          permission:android.permission.READ_CALL_LOG
          permission:android.permission.READ_PHONE_STATE
          permission:android.permission.CALL_PHONE
          permission:android.permission.WRITE_CALL_LOG
          permission:android.permission.USE_SIP
          permission:android.permission.PROCESS_OUTGOING_CALLS
          permission:com.android.voicemail.permission.ADD_VOICEMAIL

    group:android.permission-group.CALENDAR
          permission:android.permission.READ_CALENDAR
          permission:android.permission.WRITE_CALENDAR

    group:android.permission-group.CAMERA
          permission:android.permission.CAMERA

    group:android.permission-group.SENSORS
          permission:android.permission.BODY_SENSORS

    group:android.permission-group.LOCATION
          permission:android.permission.ACCESS_FINE_LOCATION
          permission:android.permission.ACCESS_COARSE_LOCATION

    group:android.permission-group.STORAGE
          permission:android.permission.READ_EXTERNAL_STORAGE
          permission:android.permission.WRITE_EXTERNAL_STORAGE

    group:android.permission-group.MICROPHONE
          permission:android.permission.RECORD_AUDIO

    group:android.permission-group.SMS
          permission:android.permission.READ_SMS
          permission:android.permission.RECEIVE_WAP_PUSH
          permission:android.permission.RECEIVE_MMS
          permission:android.permission.RECEIVE_SMS
          permission:android.permission.SEND_SMS
          permission:android.permission.READ_CELL_BROADCASTS

其余都是普通权限，仅在清单文件中声明一下即可。

简单实例代码：

public class MainActivity extends AppCompatActivity implements View.OnClickListener{

        .........

    @Override
    protected void onCreate(Bundle savedInstanceState) {
        super.onCreate(savedInstanceState);
        setContentView(R.layout.activity_main);

        .........

        //运行时申请权限
        if(ContextCompat.checkSelfPermission(MainActivity.this, Manifest.permission.
                WRITE_EXTERNAL_STORAGE)!= PackageManager.PERMISSION_GRANTED){//如果没有访问文件的权限
            ActivityCompat.requestPermissions(MainActivity.this,
                    new String[]{Manifest.permission.WRITE_EXTERNAL_STORAGE},1);
        }else{ //
            initMediaPlayer();
        }

    }
    @Override
    public void onRequestPermissionsResult(int requestCode,String[] permissions,int[] grantResults){
        switch (requestCode){
            case 1:
                if (grantResults.length>0 & grantResults[0]==PackageManager.PERMISSION_GRANTED){ //授权成功
                    initMediaPlayer();
                }else{
                    Toast.makeText(this,"拒绝权限无法使用程序",Toast.LENGTH_SHORT).show();
                    finish();//关闭所有activity
                }
            default:
                break;
        }
    }
}

 

①ContextCompat.checkSelfPermission(context, Manifest.permission.XXX具体权限)：用于检查是否有XXX这个权限

②PackageManager.PERMISSION_GRANTED：代表已经授权的权限

当①和②相等，标识XXX已经授权，不相等标识没授权

• public void onRequestPermissionsResult(int requestCode,String[] permissions,int[] grantResults)，

是ActivityCompat.requestPermissions(MainActivity.this,new String[]{Manifest.permission.XXX,....},int requestCode);

申请结果的回调（不管是否授权成功），结果放在int[] grantResults中（蓝色的参数是需要申请的权限字符串数组）