Spring Boot实战|异步调用

《JavaEE开发的颠覆者: Spring Boot实战》系列读书笔记

Spring boot异步调用@Async

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什么是异步调用？

• 异步调用是相对于同步调用而言的，同步调用是指程序按预定顺序一步步执行，每一步必须等到上一步执行完后才能执行，异步调用则无需等待上一步程序执行完即可执行。

如何实现异步调用？

• 多线程是一种实现异步调用的方式，在非spring目项目中我们要实现异步调用的就是使用多线程方式，可以自己实现Runable接口或者集成Thread类，或者使用Executors线程池。

  SpringBoot中则提供了很方便的方式执行异步调用，一个@Async就可搞定。

开始使用

• 在启动类上加上@EnableAsync注解开启异步

controller层

• 写一个同步接口和异步接口，在需要异步的执行方法上添加@Async注解

  @RequestMapping("async")
  @RestController
  public class AsyncTaskController {
  	
  	@Autowired
  	private AsyncTask asyncTask;
  
  	@RequestMapping(value = "doTask",method = RequestMethod.GET)
  	public String doTask() throws InterruptedException{
  		long currentTimeMillis = System.currentTimeMillis();
  		asyncTask.task1();
  		asyncTask.task2();
  		asyncTask.task3();
  		long currentTimeMillis1 = System.currentTimeMillis();
  		System.out.println("异步任务总耗时:"+(currentTimeMillis1-currentTimeMillis)+"ms");
  		return "success";
  		
  	}
  	@RequestMapping("justDo")
  	public String justDo() throws InterruptedException{
  		long currentTimeMillis = System.currentTimeMillis();
  		task1();
  		task2();
  		task3();
  		long currentTimeMillis1 = System.currentTimeMillis();
  		System.out.println("任务总耗时:"+(currentTimeMillis1-currentTimeMillis)+"ms");
  		return "success";
  
  	}
  
  	@RequestMapping("doTaskSuccess")
  	public String doTaskSuccess() throws InterruptedException{
  		long currentTimeMillis = System.currentTimeMillis();
  		Future<String> task1 = asyncTask.task1s();
  		Future<String> task2 = asyncTask.task2s();
  		Future<String> task3 = asyncTask.task3s();
  		String result = null;
  		for (;;) {
  			if(task1.isDone() && task2.isDone() && task3.isDone()) {
  				// 三个任务都调用完成，退出循环等待
  				break;
  			}
  			//Thread.sleep(1000);
  		}
  		long currentTimeMillis1 = System.currentTimeMillis();
  		System.out.println("异步任务总耗时:"+(currentTimeMillis1-currentTimeMillis)+"ms");
  		return "success";
  	}
  
  	public String threadAsynchSayHello() {
  		Runnable runnable = ()-> {
  			try {
  				long currentTimeMillis = System.currentTimeMillis();
  				Thread.sleep(1000);
  				long currentTimeMillis1 = System.currentTimeMillis();
  				System.out.println("任务三耗时:"+(currentTimeMillis1-currentTimeMillis)+"ms");
  			} catch (InterruptedException e) {
  				e.printStackTrace();
  			}
  		};
  		System.out.println(Thread.currentThread().getName()+"  开启新线程");
  		new Thread(runnable).start();
  		return "success";
  	}
  
  
  	public void task1() throws InterruptedException{
  		long currentTimeMillis = System.currentTimeMillis();
  		Thread.sleep(1000);
  		long currentTimeMillis1 = System.currentTimeMillis();
  		System.out.println("任务一耗时:"+(currentTimeMillis1-currentTimeMillis)+"ms");
  	}
  
  	public void task2() throws InterruptedException{
  		long currentTimeMillis = System.currentTimeMillis();
  		Thread.sleep(1000);
  		long currentTimeMillis1 = System.currentTimeMillis();
  		System.out.println("任务二耗时:"+(currentTimeMillis1-currentTimeMillis)+"ms");
  	}
  	public void task3() throws InterruptedException{
  		long currentTimeMillis = System.currentTimeMillis();
  		Thread.sleep(1000);
  		long currentTimeMillis1 = System.currentTimeMillis();
  		System.out.println("任务三耗时:"+(currentTimeMillis1-currentTimeMillis)+"ms");
  	}
  }
  

异步任务类

• 将异步任务单独放到一个类中

  @Component
  public class AsyncTask {
  
  	/**
  	 * 异步-无返回值
  	 * @throws InterruptedException
  	 */
  	@Async
  	public void task1() throws InterruptedException{
  		long currentTimeMillis = System.currentTimeMillis();
  		Thread.sleep(1000);
  		long currentTimeMillis1 = System.currentTimeMillis();
  		System.out.println("任务一耗时:"+(currentTimeMillis1-currentTimeMillis)+"ms");
  	}
  	
  	@Async
  	public void task2() throws InterruptedException{
  		long currentTimeMillis = System.currentTimeMillis();
  		Thread.sleep(1000);
  		long currentTimeMillis1 = System.currentTimeMillis();
  		System.out.println("任务二耗时:"+(currentTimeMillis1-currentTimeMillis)+"ms");
  	}
  	@Async
  	public void task3() throws InterruptedException{
  		long currentTimeMillis = System.currentTimeMillis();
  		Thread.sleep(1000);
  		long currentTimeMillis1 = System.currentTimeMillis();
  		System.out.println("任务三耗时:"+(currentTimeMillis1-currentTimeMillis)+"ms");
  	}
  }
  

• 如何知道异步任务什么时候执行完，执行的结果怎样呢？可以采用添加Fature回调方式判断

  /**
      	 * 异步-  future回调方式
      	 * @return
      	 * @throws InterruptedException
      	 */
      	@Async
      	public Future<String> task1s() throws InterruptedException{
      		long currentTimeMillis = System.currentTimeMillis();
      		Thread.sleep(1000);
      		long currentTimeMillis1 = System.currentTimeMillis();
      		System.out.println("任务一耗时:"+(currentTimeMillis1-currentTimeMillis)+"ms");
      		return new AsyncResult<String>("任务一执行完毕");
      	}
      
      	@Async
      	public Future<String> task2s() throws InterruptedException{
      		long currentTimeMillis = System.currentTimeMillis();
      		Thread.sleep(2000);
      		long currentTimeMillis1 = System.currentTimeMillis();
      		System.out.println("任务二耗时:"+(currentTimeMillis1-currentTimeMillis)+"ms");
      		return new AsyncResult<String>("任务二执行完毕");
      	}
      	@Async
      	public Future<String> task3s() throws InterruptedException{
      		long currentTimeMillis = System.currentTimeMillis();
      		Thread.sleep(3000);
      		long currentTimeMillis1 = System.currentTimeMillis();
      		System.out.println("任务三耗时:"+(currentTimeMillis1-currentTimeMillis)+"ms");
      		return new AsyncResult<String>("任务三执行完毕");
      	}
  

用postman进行测试：
执行异步：

同步执行：