MVC博客

1.MVC简单应用

1.1 先创建个web项目

1.2 导入包，在lib文件夹里

转存失败重新上传取消

lib 文件夹要放在web-inf里面，不然会出错

转存失败重新上传取消

 

1.3 编写web.xml

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<web-app version="2.4" xmlns="http://java.sun.com/xml/ns/j2ee"
         xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
         xsi:schemaLocation="http://java.sun.com/xml/ns/j2ee
http://java.sun.com/xml/ns/j2ee/web-app_2_4.xsd">
    <servlet>
        <!--名字不能乱取，要对应的上springmvc-servlet的前部分，要改可以一起改-->
        <servlet-name>springmvc</servlet-name>
        <servlet-class>
            org.springframework.web.servlet.DispatcherServlet
        </servlet-class>
        <!--load-on-startup 元素标记容器是否应该在web应用程序启动的时候就加载这个servlet，(实例化并调用其init()方法)。
            它的值必须是一个整数，表示servlet被加载的先后顺序。-->
        <load-on-startup>1</load-on-startup>
    </servlet>
    <servlet-mapping>
        <!--同上-->
        <servlet-name>springmvc</servlet-name>
        <url-pattern>/</url-pattern>
    </servlet-mapping>
</web-app>

 

 

 

1.4 创建springmvc-servlet.xml

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8" ?>
<!DOCTYPE beans PUBLIC "-//SPRING//DTD BEAN//EN" "http://www.springframework.org/dtd/spring-beans.dtd">
<beans>
    <bean id="simpleUrlHandlerMapping"
          class="org.springframework.web.servlet.handler.SimpleUrlHandlerMapping">
        <property name="mappings">
            <props>
                <!--key就是路径地址，里面填写的是bean的id-->
                <prop key="/index">indexController</prop>
            </props>
        </property>
    </bean>
    <bean id="indexController" class="controller.IndexController"></bean>
</beans>

 

 

1.5 创建控制类 IndexController

 

import org.springframework.web.servlet.ModelAndView;
import org.springframework.web.servlet.mvc.Controller;

import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletRequest;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletResponse;

public class IndexController implements Controller {
    public ModelAndView handleRequest(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response) throws Exception {
        //gei
        ModelAndView mav = new ModelAndView("index.jsp");
        //添加信息
        mav.addObject("message", "Hello Spring MVC");
        // return 可以到指定的页面
        return mav;
    }
}

 

 

1.6 准备index.jsp

<%@ page language="java" contentType="text/html; charset=UTF-8"
         pageEncoding="UTF-8" isELIgnored="false"%>

<h1>${message}</h1>

 

1.7 运行

输入地址

http://127.0.0.1:8080/项目名/index

 

1.8 原理图

转存失败重新上传取消

 

 

 

MVC视图定位

2.1 springmvc-servlet.xml，增加

 

<!--
viewResolver是视图解析器
prefix是指定一个前缀，suffix则是后缀
-->
<bean id="viewResolver" class="org.springframework.web.servlet.view.InternalResourceViewResolver">
    <property name="prefix" value="/WEB-INF/page/" />
    <property name="suffix" value=".jsp" />
</bean>

 

 

2.2 修改IndexController

import org.springframework.web.servlet.ModelAndView;
import org.springframework.web.servlet.mvc.Controller;

import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletRequest;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletResponse;

public class IndexController implements Controller {
    public ModelAndView handleRequest(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response) throws Exception {
        ModelAndView mav = new ModelAndView("index");
        mav.addObject("message", "Hello Spring MVC2");
        return mav;
    }
}

 

 

2.3 移动index.jsp

把index.jsp移动到page文件夹

 

2.4 运行

 

 

3.MVC注解方式

3.1 修改IndexController

 

import org.springframework.stereotype.Controller;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.RequestMapping;
import org.springframework.web.servlet.ModelAndView;


import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletRequest;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletResponse;

//这个注解代表此类是控制类
@Controller
public class IndexController{
    //在方法handleRequest 前面加上 @RequestMapping("/index") 表示路径/index会映射到该方法上
    @RequestMapping("/index")
    public ModelAndView handleRequest(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response) throws Exception {
        ModelAndView mav = new ModelAndView("index");
        mav.addObject("message", "Hello Spring MVC2");
        return mav;
    }
}

 

 

3.2 修改springmvc-servlet.xml

 

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8" ?>
<beans xmlns="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans"
       xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
       xmlns:context="http://www.springframework.org/schema/context"
       xsi:schemaLocation="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans
    http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans/spring-beans-3.0.xsd
    http://www.springframework.org/schema/context
    http://www.springframework.org/schema/context/spring-context-3.0.xsd">

    <!--去掉相关映射，因为已经用注解了-->
<!--    <bean id="simpleUrlHandlerMapping"
          class="org.springframework.web.servlet.handler.SimpleUrlHandlerMapping">
        <property name="mappings">
            <props>
                <!–key就是路径地址，里面填写的是bean的id–>
                <prop key="/index">indexController</prop>
            </props>
        </property>
    </bean>
    <bean id="indexController" class="controller.IndexController"></bean>-->

    <!--需要在beans处声明命名空间-->
    <!--下面代码的意思是扫描controller包下的控制类-->
    <context:component-scan base-package="controller" />

    <!--
    viewResolver是视图解析器
    prefix是指定一个前缀，suffix则是后缀
    -->
    <bean id="viewResolver" class="org.springframework.web.servlet.view.InternalResourceViewResolver">
        <property name="prefix" value="/WEB-INF/page/" />
        <property name="suffix" value=".jsp" />
    </bean>

</beans>

 

 

 

3.3 运行

 

 

4.MVC接收表单数据

4.1 先创建实体类Product

public class Product {

    private int id;
    private String name;
    private float price;
    public int getId() {
        return id;
    }
    public void setId(int id) {
        this.id = id;
    }
    public String getName() {
        return name;
    }
    public void setName(String name) {
        this.name = name;
    }
    public float getPrice() {
        return price;
    }
    public void setPrice(float price) {
        this.price = price;
    }

}

 

 

4.2 写addProduct.jsp

import org.springframework.stereotype.Controller;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.RequestMapping;
import org.springframework.web.servlet.ModelAndView;

import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletRequest;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletResponse;

//这个注解代表此类是控制类
@Controller
public class AddProductController{
    //在方法handleRequest 前面加上 @RequestMapping("/index") 表示路径/index会映射到该方法上
    @RequestMapping("/product")
    public ModelAndView handleRequest(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response) throws Exception {
        ModelAndView mav = new ModelAndView("addProduct");
        return mav;
    }
}

 

4.3 写控制类AddProductController

//这个注解代表此类是控制类
@Controller
public class AddProductController{
    //在方法handleRequest 前面加上 @RequestMapping("/index") 表示路径/index会映射到该方法上
    @RequestMapping("/product")
    public ModelAndView handleRequest(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response) throws Exception {
        ModelAndView mav = new ModelAndView("addProduct");
        return mav;
    }
}

 

4.4 写ProductController

注： addProduct.jsp 提交的name和price会自动注入到参数 product里
注： 参数product会默认被当做值加入到ModelAndView 中，相当于：

mav.addObject("product",product);

 

@Controller
public class ProductController {

    @RequestMapping("/showProduct")
    public ModelAndView add(Product product) throws Exception {
        ModelAndView mav = new ModelAndView("showProduct");
        return mav;
    }
}

 

 

4.5 写showProduct.jsp

<%@ page language="java" contentType="text/html; charset=UTF-8"
         pageEncoding="UTF-8" isELIgnored="false"%>

产品名称： ${product.name}<br>
产品价格： ${product.price}

 

4.6 打开链接

http://localhost:8080/项目名称/product

转存失败重新上传取消

5.MVC客户端转跳

5.1 修改IndexController

 

@RequestMapping("/jump")
public ModelAndView jump() {
    ModelAndView mav = new ModelAndView("redirect:/index");
    return mav;
}

 

5.2 实验

访问http://localhost:8080/mvc22_war_exploded/jump会直接转跳到

http://localhost:8080/mvc22_war_exploded/index

 

 

 

 

6.MVC 如何使用SESSION

6.1 在IndexController中添加代码

@RequestMapping("/clear")
public ModelAndView clearcheck(HttpSession session) {
    Integer i = (Integer) session.getAttribute("count");
    session.setAttribute("count",0);
    ModelAndView mav = new ModelAndView("redirect:/check");
    return mav;
}

 

6.2 新增check.jsp

<%@ page language="java" contentType="text/html; charset=UTF-8"
         pageEncoding="UTF-8" isELIgnored="false"%>

session中记录的访问次数：${count}

 

6.3 运行

 

 

7.MVC中文问题

7.1 在web.xml中添加代码

<!--filter其实就是过滤器-->
<filter>
    <filter-name>CharacterEncodingFilter</filter-name>
    <filter-class>org.springframework.web.filter.CharacterEncodingFilter</filter-class>
    <init-param>
        <param-name>encoding</param-name>
        <param-value>utf-8</param-value>
    </init-param>
</filter>
<filter-mapping>
    <filter-name>CharacterEncodingFilter</filter-name>
    <url-pattern>/*</url-pattern>
</filter-mapping>

 

7.2 修改addProduct.jsp

为form 设置method="post"

<form action="showProduct" method="post">

    产品名称 ：<input type="text" name="name" value=""><br />
    产品价格： <input type="text" name="price" value=""><br />

    <input type="submit" value="增加商品">
</form>

 

 

7.3 运行，可以正常显示中文了

 

 

8.MVC上传文件

8.1 配置web.xml允许访问*.jpg

<!--这一段表示允许访问*.jpg-->
<!--因为配置springmvc的servlet的时候，使用的路径是"/"，导致静态资源在默认情况下不能访问，所以要加上这一段，允许访问jpg-->
<!--并且必须加在springmvc的servlet之前-->
<servlet-mapping>
    <servlet-name>default</servlet-name>
    <url-pattern>*.jpg</url-pattern>
</servlet-mapping>

 

 

8.2 配置springmvc-servlet.xml

<!--
MultipartResolver 用于处理文件上传
-->
<bean id="multipartResolver" class="org.springframework.web.multipart.commons.CommonsMultipartResolver"/>

 

 

 

8.3 写upload.jsp 上传页面

<%@ page language="java" contentType="text/html; charset=UTF-8"
         pageEncoding="UTF-8" import="java.util.*" isELIgnored="false"%>

<%--
上传页面，需要注意的是form 的两个属性必须提供
method="post" 和 enctype="multipart/form-data" 缺一不可
enctype 属性规定在发送到服务器之前应该如何对表单数据进行编码
--%>
<form action="uploadImage" method="post" enctype="multipart/form-data">
    <%--accept="image/*" 表示只能选择图片进行上传--%>
    选择图片:<input type="file" name="image" accept="image/*" /> <br>
    <input type="submit" value="上传">
</form>

 

 

8.4 准备UploadedImageFile

在UploadedImageFile中封装MultipartFile类型的字段 image ，用于接受页面的注入

这里的字段 image必须和上传页面upload.jsp中的image
<input type="file" name="image" accept="image/*" />
保持一致

 

import org.springframework.web.multipart.MultipartFile;

public class UploadedImageFile {
    //这里的image名字必须和upload里的name名字相同
    MultipartFile image;

    public MultipartFile getImage() {
        return image;
    }

    public void setImage(MultipartFile image) {
        this.image = image;
    }

}

 

 

8.5 UploadController 上传控制器

import org.apache.commons.lang.xwork.RandomStringUtils;
import org.springframework.stereotype.Controller;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.RequestMapping;
import org.springframework.web.servlet.ModelAndView;
import pojo.UploadedImageFile;

import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletRequest;
import java.io.File;
import java.io.IOException;

@Controller
public class UploadController {

    @RequestMapping("/uploadImage")
    public ModelAndView upload(HttpServletRequest request, UploadedImageFile file)
            throws IllegalStateException, IOException {
        //通过RandomStringUtils.randomAlphanumeric(10);来获得一个随机名
        String name = RandomStringUtils.randomAlphanumeric(10);
        //加jpg
        String newFileName = name + ".jpg";
        //新建文件并设置文件地址
        File newFile = new File(request.getServletContext().getRealPath("/image"), newFileName);
        //getParentFile()是获取文件地址路径，mkdirs()是创建此抽象路径名指定的目录，包括所有必需但不存在的父目录
        newFile.getParentFile().mkdirs();
        //transferTo似乎是把上传上服务器的文件写下来
        file.getImage().transferTo(newFile);

        //接下来就是转跳了
        ModelAndView mav = new ModelAndView("showUploadedFile");
        mav.addObject("imageName", newFileName);
        return mav;
    }
    
    @RequestMapping("/upload")
    public ModelAndView upload(){
        //转跳
        ModelAndView mav = new ModelAndView("upload");
        return mav;
    }
}

 

 

8.6 showUploadedFile.jsp 显示图片的页面

<%@ page language="java" contentType="text/html; charset=UTF-8"
         pageEncoding="UTF-8" isELIgnored="false"%>

<img src="image/${imageName}"/>

 

 

 

8.7 运行测试

 

 

9.MVC拦截器

9.1 拦截器类：IndexInterceptor

 

public class IndexInterceptor extends HandlerInterceptorAdapter {

    /**
     * 在业务处理器处理请求之前被调用
     * 如果返回false
     *     从当前的拦截器往回执行所有拦截器的afterCompletion(),再退出拦截器链
     * 如果返回true
     *    执行下一个拦截器,直到所有的拦截器都执行完毕
     *    再执行被拦截的Controller
     *    然后进入拦截器链,
     *    从最后一个拦截器往回执行所有的postHandle()
     *    接着再从最后一个拦截器往回执行所有的afterCompletion()
     */
    public boolean preHandle(HttpServletRequest request,
                             HttpServletResponse response, Object handler) throws Exception {

        System.out.println("preHandle(), 在访问Controller之前被调用");
        return true;

    }

    /**
     * 在业务处理器处理请求执行完成后,生成视图之前执行的动作
     * 可在modelAndView中加入数据，比如当前时间
     */

    public void postHandle(HttpServletRequest request,
                           HttpServletResponse response, Object handler,
                           ModelAndView modelAndView) throws Exception {
        System.out.println("postHandle(), 在访问Controller之后，访问视图之前被调用,这里可以注入一个时间到modelAndView中，用于后续视图显示");
        modelAndView.addObject("date","由拦截器生成的时间:" + new Date());
    }

    /**
     * 在DispatcherServlet完全处理完请求后被调用,可用于清理资源等
     *
     * 当有拦截器抛出异常时,会从当前拦截器往回执行所有的拦截器的afterCompletion()
     */

    public void afterCompletion(HttpServletRequest request,
                                HttpServletResponse response, Object handler, Exception ex)
            throws Exception {

        System.out.println("afterCompletion(), 在访问视图之后被调用");
    }

}

 

 

9.2 配置拦截器

 

<!--mvc:interceptors就是拦截器-->
<mvc:interceptors>
    <mvc:interceptor>
        <!--指拦截地址-->
        <mvc:mapping path="/index"/>
        <!-- 定义在mvc:interceptor下面的表示是对特定的请求才进行拦截的 -->
        <!-- 特定的拦截器 -->
        <bean class="interceptor.IndexInterceptor"/>
    </mvc:interceptor>
    <!-- 当设置多个拦截器时，先按顺序调用preHandle方法，然后逆序调用每个拦截器的postHandle和afterCompletion方法 -->
</mvc:interceptors>

 

 

 

9.3 修改 index.jsp

<%@ page language="java" contentType="text/html; charset=UTF-8"
         pageEncoding="UTF-8" isELIgnored="false"%>

<h1>${message}</h1>

<p>${date}</p>

 

 

9.4 运行

 

 

 

参考网站：https://how2j.cn/k/springmvc/springmvc-springmvc/615.html