typescript

一

cnpm install -g typescript

mkdir tsdemo
cd tsdemo
tsc --init

tsc --init 后会生成一个tsconfig.json文件

将文件中的下面这句作修改

   "outDir": "./",                        /* Redirect output structure to the directory. */

改为

   "outDir": "./js",                        /* Redirect output structure to the directory. */

整体是下面这个样子

{
  "compilerOptions": {
    /* Visit https://aka.ms/tsconfig.json to read more about this file */

    /* Basic Options */
    // "incremental": true,                   /* Enable incremental compilation */
    "target": "es5",                          /* Specify ECMAScript target version: 'ES3' (default), 'ES5', 'ES2015', 'ES2016', 'ES2017', 'ES2018', 'ES2019', 'ES2020', or 'ESNEXT'. */
    "module": "commonjs",                     /* Specify module code generation: 'none', 'commonjs', 'amd', 'system', 'umd', 'es2015', 'es2020', or 'ESNext'. */
    // "lib": [],                             /* Specify library files to be included in the compilation. */
    // "allowJs": true,                       /* Allow javascript files to be compiled. */
    // "checkJs": true,                       /* Report errors in .js files. */
    // "jsx": "preserve",                     /* Specify JSX code generation: 'preserve', 'react-native', or 'react'. */
    // "declaration": true,                   /* Generates corresponding '.d.ts' file. */
    // "declarationMap": true,                /* Generates a sourcemap for each corresponding '.d.ts' file. */
    // "sourceMap": true,                     /* Generates corresponding '.map' file. */
    // "outFile": "./",                       /* Concatenate and emit output to single file. */
    "outDir": "./js",                        /* Redirect output structure to the directory. */
    // "rootDir": "./",                       /* Specify the root directory of input files. Use to control the output directory structure with --outDir. */
    // "composite": true,                     /* Enable project compilation */
    // "tsBuildInfoFile": "./",               /* Specify file to store incremental compilation information */
    // "removeComments": true,                /* Do not emit comments to output. */
    // "noEmit": true,                        /* Do not emit outputs. */
    // "importHelpers": true,                 /* Import emit helpers from 'tslib'. */
    // "downlevelIteration": true,            /* Provide full support for iterables in 'for-of', spread, and destructuring when targeting 'ES5' or 'ES3'. */
    // "isolatedModules": true,               /* Transpile each file as a separate module (similar to 'ts.transpileModule'). */

    /* Strict Type-Checking Options */
    "strict": true,                           /* Enable all strict type-checking options. */
    // "noImplicitAny": true,                 /* Raise error on expressions and declarations with an implied 'any' type. */
    // "strictNullChecks": true,              /* Enable strict null checks. */
    // "strictFunctionTypes": true,           /* Enable strict checking of function types. */
    // "strictBindCallApply": true,           /* Enable strict 'bind', 'call', and 'apply' methods on functions. */
    // "strictPropertyInitialization": true,  /* Enable strict checking of property initialization in classes. */
    // "noImplicitThis": true,                /* Raise error on 'this' expressions with an implied 'any' type. */
    // "alwaysStrict": true,                  /* Parse in strict mode and emit "use strict" for each source file. */

    /* Additional Checks */
    // "noUnusedLocals": true,                /* Report errors on unused locals. */
    // "noUnusedParameters": true,            /* Report errors on unused parameters. */
    // "noImplicitReturns": true,             /* Report error when not all code paths in function return a value. */
    // "noFallthroughCasesInSwitch": true,    /* Report errors for fallthrough cases in switch statement. */

    /* Module Resolution Options */
    // "moduleResolution": "node",            /* Specify module resolution strategy: 'node' (Node.js) or 'classic' (TypeScript pre-1.6). */
    // "baseUrl": "./",                       /* Base directory to resolve non-absolute module names. */
    // "paths": {},                           /* A series of entries which re-map imports to lookup locations relative to the 'baseUrl'. */
    // "rootDirs": [],                        /* List of root folders whose combined content represents the structure of the project at runtime. */
    // "typeRoots": [],                       /* List of folders to include type definitions from. */
    // "types": [],                           /* Type declaration files to be included in compilation. */
    // "allowSyntheticDefaultImports": true,  /* Allow default imports from modules with no default export. This does not affect code emit, just typechecking. */
    "esModuleInterop": true,                  /* Enables emit interoperability between CommonJS and ES Modules via creation of namespace objects for all imports. Implies 'allowSyntheticDefaultImports'. */
    // "preserveSymlinks": true,              /* Do not resolve the real path of symlinks. */
    // "allowUmdGlobalAccess": true,          /* Allow accessing UMD globals from modules. */

    /* Source Map Options */
    // "sourceRoot": "",                      /* Specify the location where debugger should locate TypeScript files instead of source locations. */
    // "mapRoot": "",                         /* Specify the location where debugger should locate map files instead of generated locations. */
    // "inlineSourceMap": true,               /* Emit a single file with source maps instead of having a separate file. */
    // "inlineSources": true,                 /* Emit the source alongside the sourcemaps within a single file; requires '--inlineSourceMap' or '--sourceMap' to be set. */

    /* Experimental Options */
    // "experimentalDecorators": true,        /* Enables experimental support for ES7 decorators. */
    // "emitDecoratorMetadata": true,         /* Enables experimental support for emitting type metadata for decorators. */

    /* Advanced Options */
    "skipLibCheck": true,                     /* Skip type checking of declaration files. */
    "forceConsistentCasingInFileNames": true  /* Disallow inconsistently-cased references to the same file. */
  }
}

修改完后，创建一个index.ts文件

let str:string = "hi~"
let str1:string = "hello world";

然后在vsCode中点击终端 -> 运行任务 -> tsc:构建 -tscConfig.json

然后会看到目录中生成一个.js文件，打开这个文件之后会看到👇

"use strict";
var str = "hi~";
var str1 = "hello world";

二 数据类型

这块报错的意思，就是你一开始声明的数据类型要和你后面修改或重新赋值的数据类型要一致，不然就会报错

然后新建一个index.html文件，在其中引入index,js，之后直接运行index.html，在控制台上就可以看到之前打印的24

  <script src="./js/index.js"></script>

⚠️ 在之前声明的时候，不管是var还是let，前后类型都得一致

上面的这个number boolean string类型用法一致

数组类型的定义

array类型

// es5 
// var arr = [1, 2, 4, "1122"]

// 1. 第一种直接定义数组的方式
let arr:number[] = [1, 2, 3];
// 错误写法，定义了是number类型，数组里面的元素就必须都是number类型
// let arr2:number[] = [1, 2, 3, "qqww"];
let arr3:string[] = ["1", "2", "3"];

console.log(arr, "arr");
console.log(arr3, "arr3");

// 2. 第二种定义数组的方式
let arr4:Array<number> = [1, 24, 10];
console.log(arr4, "arr4");

let arr5:Array<string> = ["1", "24", "10"];
console.log(arr5, "arr5");

tuple 元祖类型

属于数组的一种，可以指定数组里面值的类型

// tuple类型
let arr6:[number, string, boolean] = [24, "24", true];
console.log(arr6, "arr6");

// 错误写法，声明的类型要和后面的值的顺序对应
// let arr7:[number, string, boolean] = ["24", 24, true];

枚举类型

主要用于标识状态或者固定值

// enum枚举类型
// Flag 1表示success, -1表示error
enum Flag {success = 1, error = -1};
var f:Flag = Flag.success;
console.log(f, "f");

// pay_status 0 未支付 1 支付 2 交易成功

enum payStatus {unpaid = 0, pay = 1, successfulTrade = 2};
let pay_status:payStatus = payStatus.successfulTrade;
console.log(pay_status, "pay_status");

enum Color {pink, lightgrey, green};
var c:Color = Color.lightgrey;
// 如果默认没有给Color里面的字段赋值的话，打印出来的就是的索引值
console.log(c, "c");