00三层架构和MVC
C/S架构:客户端/服务器
B/S架构:浏览器服务器
服务器端分成三层架构:
表现层:SpringMVC
业务层:Spring框架
持久层:Mybatis
浏览器--请求参数-->表现层 ---->业务层---->持久层
持久层---->业务层---->表现层--响应结果-->浏览器
MVC设计模型:
(M)model模型:JavaBean
(V)View视图:JSP
(C)Controller控制器:Servlet
SpringMVC:是一种基于Java的实现MVC设计模型的请求驱动类型的轻量级Web框架
清晰角色划分:
前端控制器(DispatcherServlet)
请求到处理器映射(HandlerMapping)
处理器适配器(HandlerAdapter)
视图解析器(ViewResolver)
处理器或页面控制器(Controller)
验证器(Validator)
命令对象(Command 请求参数绑定到的对象就叫命令对象)
表单对象(Form Object 提供给表单展示和提交到的对象就叫表单对象)
01搭建
maven---....-webapp
gropid:一般写公司域名pom.xml:
<properties>
<project.build.sourceEncoding>UTF-8</project.build.sourceEncoding>
<maven.compiler.source>1.8</maven.compiler.source>
<maven.compiler.target>1.8</maven.compiler.target>
<spring.version>5.0.2.RELEASE</spring.version>
</properties>
<dependencies>
<dependency>
<groupId>org.springframework</groupId>
<artifactId>spring-context</artifactId>
<version>${spring.version}</version>
</dependency>
<dependency>
<groupId>org.springframework</groupId>
<artifactId>spring-web</artifactId>
<version>${spring.version}</version>
</dependency>
<dependency>
<groupId>org.springframework</groupId>
<artifactId>spring-webmvc</artifactId>
<version>${spring.version}</version>
</dependency>
<dependency>
<groupId>javax.servlet</groupId>
<artifactId>servlet-api</artifactId>
<version>2.5</version>
<scope>provided</scope>
</dependency>
<dependency>
<groupId>javax.servlet.jsp</groupId>
<artifactId>jsp-api</artifactId>
<version>2.0</version>
<scope>provided</scope>
</dependency>
</dependencies>
web.xml:
<web-app>
<display-name>Archetype Created Web Application</display-name>
<!--配置前端控制器-->
<servlet>
<servlet-name>dispatcherServlet</servlet-name>
<servlet-class>org.springframework.web.servlet.DispatcherServlet</servlet-class>
<init-param>
<param-name>contextConfigLocation</param-name>
<param-value>classpath:springmvc.xml</param-value>
</init-param>
<load-on-startup>1</load-on-startup>
</servlet>
<servlet-mapping>
<servlet-name>dispatcherServlet</servlet-name>
<url-pattern>/</url-pattern>
</servlet-mapping>
<!--配置解决中文乱码的过滤器-->
<filter>
<filter-name>characterEncodingFilter</filter-name>
<filter-class>org.springframework.web.filter.CharacterEncodingFilter</filter-class>
<init-param>
<param-name>encoding</param-name>
<param-value>UTF-8</param-value>
</init-param>
</filter>
<filter-mapping>
<filter-name>characterEncodingFilter</filter-name>
<url-pattern>/*</url-pattern>
</filter-mapping>
</web-app>
springmvc.xml/bean.xml:
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<beans xmlns="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans"
xmlns:mvc="http://www.springframework.org/schema/mvc"
xmlns:context="http://www.springframework.org/schema/context"
xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
xsi:schemaLocation="
http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans
http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans/spring-beans.xsd
http://www.springframework.org/schema/mvc
http://www.springframework.org/schema/mvc/spring-mvc.xsd
http://www.springframework.org/schema/context
http://www.springframework.org/schema/context/spring-context.xsd">
<!-- 开启注解扫描 -->
<context:component-scan base-package="cn.itcast"/>
<!-- 视图解析器对象 -->
<bean id="internalResourceViewResolver" class="org.springframework.web.servlet.view.InternalResourceViewResolver">
<property name="prefix" value="/WEB-INF/pages/"/>
<property name="suffix" value=".jsp"/>
</bean>
<!-- 开启SpringMVC框架注解的支持 -->
<mvc:annotation-driven/>
</beans>
// 控制器类
@Controller
public class HelloController {
@RequestMapping(path = "/hello")
public String sayHello(){
System.out.println("Hello StringMVC");
return "success"; //跳转到success.jsp页面
}
}
index.jsp:
<a href="hello">入门</a>
02RequestMapping属性
RequestMapping:
可以放在类上:
@RequestMapping(path="/user")
public class HelloController {
@RequestMapping(value="/testRequestMapping",params = {"username=heihei"},headers = {"Accept"})
public String testRequestMapping(){
System.out.println("测试RequestMapping注解...");
return "success";
}
}
属性:
value:用于指定请求的url,它和path的属性一样
method:用于指定请求的方式
@RequestMapping(value="/testRequestMapping",method={RequestMethod.POST})
params:用于指定限制请求参数的条件,它支持简单的表达式,
要求请求参数的key和value必须和配置的一模一样
@RequestMapping(value="/testRequestMapping",params = {"username"})
<a href="user/testRequestMapping?username=heihei">RequestMapping注解</a>
@RequestMapping(value="/testRequestMapping",params = {"username=heihei"})
<a href="user/testRequestMapping?username=heihei">RequestMapping注解</a>
headers:用于指定限制请求消息头的条件
同时出现俩个或以上属性,为与关系
03自定义类型转换器
/**
* 把字符串转换日期
*/
public class StringToDateConverter implements Converter<String,Date>{
/**
* String source 传入进来字符串
* @param source
* @return
*/
public Date convert(String source) {
// 判断
if(source == null){
throw new RuntimeException("请您传入数据");
}
DateFormat df = new SimpleDateFormat("yyyy-MM-dd");
try {
// 把字符串转换日期
return df.parse(source);
} catch (Exception e) {
throw new RuntimeException("数据类型转换出现错误");
}
}
}
bean.xml:
<!--配置自定义类型转换器-->
<bean id="conversionService" class="org.springframework.context.support.ConversionServiceFactoryBean">
<property name="converters">
<set>
<bean class="cn.itcast.utils.StringToDateConverter"/>
</set>
</property>
</bean>
<!-- 开启SpringMVC框架注解的支持 -->
<mvc:annotation-driven conversion-service="conversionService"/>
04获取Servlet原生API
/**
* 原生的API
* @return
*/
@RequestMapping("/testServlet")
public String testServlet(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response){
System.out.println("执行了...");
System.out.println(request);
HttpSession session = request.getSession();
System.out.println(session);
ServletContext servletContext = session.getServletContext();
System.out.println(servletContext);
System.out.println(response);
return "success";
}
05RequestParam注解
@RequestMapping("/testRequestParam")
public String testRequestParam(@RequestParam(name="name") String username){
System.out.println("执行了...");
System.out.println(username);
return "success";
}
<a href="anno/testRequestParam?name=哈哈">RequestParam</a>
06RequestBody注解
用于获取请求体内容
get请求方式不适用(没有请求体)
<form action="anno/testRequestBody" method="post">
用户姓名:<input type="text" name="username" /><br/>
用户年龄:<input type="text" name="age" /><br/>
<input type="submit" value="提交" />
</form>
/**
* 获取到请求体的内容
* @return
*/
@RequestMapping("/testRequestBody")
public String testRequestBody(@RequestBody String body){
System.out.println("执行了...");
System.out.println(body);
return "success";
}
07PathVaribale注解
REST风格(restful)
/**
* PathVariable注解
* @return
*/
@RequestMapping(value="/testPathVariable/{sid}")
public String testPathVariable(@PathVariable(name="sid") String id){
System.out.println("执行了...");
System.out.println(id);
return "success";
}
<a href="anno/testPathVariable/10">testPathVariable</a>
08RequestHeader注解
/**
* 获取请求头的值
* @param header
* @return
*/
@RequestMapping(value="/testRequestHeader")
public String testRequestHeader(@RequestHeader(value="Accept") String header, HttpServletRequest request,HttpServletResponse response) throws IOException {
System.out.println("执行了...");
System.out.println(header);
// return "success";
// response.sendRedirect(request.getContextPath()+"/anno/testCookieValue");
return "redirect:/param.jsp";
}
<a href="anno/testRequestHeader">RequestHeader</a>
09CookieValue注解
/**
* 获取Cookie的值
* @return
*/
@RequestMapping(value="/testCookieValue")
public String testCookieValue(@CookieValue(value="JSESSIONID") String cookieValue){
System.out.println("执行了...");
System.out.println(cookieValue);
return "success";
}
<a href="anno/testCookieValue">CookieValue</a>
10ModelAttribute注解
/**
* ModelAttribute注解
* @return
*/
@RequestMapping(value="/testModelAttribute")
public String testModelAttribute(@ModelAttribute("abc") User user){
System.out.println("testModelAttribute执行了...");
System.out.println(user);
return "success";
}
@ModelAttribute
public void showUser(String uname, Map<String,User> map){
System.out.println("showUser执行了...");
// 通过用户查询数据库(模拟)
User user = new User();
user.setUname(uname);
user.setAge(20);
user.setDate(new Date());
map.put("abc",user);
}
/**
* 该方法会先执行
@ModelAttribute
public User showUser(String uname){
System.out.println("showUser执行了...");
// 通过用户查询数据库(模拟)
User user = new User();
user.setUname(uname);
user.setAge(20);
user.setDate(new Date());
return user;
}
*/
<form action="anno/testModelAttribute" method="post">
用户姓名:<input type="text" name="uname" /><br/>
用户年龄:<input type="text" name="age" /><br/>
<input type="submit" value="提交" />
</form>
11SessionAttribute注解
@Controller
@RequestMapping("/anno")
@SessionAttributes(value={"msg"}) // 把msg=美美存入到session域对中
public class AnnoController {
/**
* SessionAttributes的注解
* @return
*/
@RequestMapping(value="/testSessionAttributes")
public String testSessionAttributes(Model model){
System.out.println("testSessionAttributes...");
// 底层会存储到request域对象中
model.addAttribute("msg","美美");
return "success";
}
/**
* 获取值
* @param modelMap
* @return
*/
@RequestMapping(value="/getSessionAttributes")
public String getSessionAttributes(ModelMap modelMap){
System.out.println("getSessionAttributes...");
String msg = (String) modelMap.get("msg");
System.out.println(msg);
return "success";
}
/**
* 清除
* @param status
* @return
*/
@RequestMapping(value="/delSessionAttributes")
public String delSessionAttributes(SessionStatus status){
System.out.println("getSessionAttributes...");
status.setComplete();
return "success";
}
}
<a href="anno/testSessionAttributes">testSessionAttributes</a>
<a href="anno/getSessionAttributes">getSessionAttributes</a>
<a href="anno/delSessionAttributes">delSessionAttributes</a>
success.jsp:
<%@ page contentType="text/html;charset=UTF-8" language="java" isELIgnored="false" %>
${ msg }
${sessionScope}
12JS_Ajax
pom.xml:
<dependency>
<groupId>com.fasterxml.jackson.core</groupId>
<artifactId>jackson-databind</artifactId>
<version>2.9.0</version>
</dependency>
<dependency>
<groupId>com.fasterxml.jackson.core</groupId>
<artifactId>jackson-core</artifactId>
<version>2.9.0</version>
</dependency>
<dependency>
<groupId>com.fasterxml.jackson.core</groupId>
<artifactId>jackson-annotations</artifactId>
<version>2.9.0</version>
</dependency>
/**
* 模拟异步请求响应
*/
@RequestMapping("/testAjax")
public @ResponseBody User testAjax(@RequestBody User user){
System.out.println("testAjax方法执行了...");
// 客户端发送ajax的请求,传的是json字符串,后端把json字符串封装到user对象中
System.out.println(user);
// 做响应,模拟查询数据库
user.setUsername("haha");
user.setAge(40);
// 做响应
return user;
}
springmvc.xml:
<!--前端控制器,哪些静态资源不拦截-->
<mvc:resources location="/css/" mapping="/css/**"/>
<mvc:resources location="/images/" mapping="/images/**"/>
<mvc:resources location="/js/" mapping="/js/**"/>
<script src="js/jquery.min.js"></script>
<script>
// 页面加载,绑定单击事件
$(function(){
$("#btn").click(function(){
// alert("hello btn");
// 发送ajax请求
$.ajax({
// 编写json格式,设置属性和值
url:"user/testAjax",
contentType:"application/json;charset=UTF-8",
data:'{"username":"hehe","password":"123","age":30}',
dataType:"json",
type:"post",
success:function(data){
// data服务器端响应的json的数据,进行解析
alert(data);
alert(data.username);
alert(data.password);
alert(data.age);
}
});
});
});
</script>
13文件上传
文件上传必要前提:
form表单的enctype取值必须是:multipart/form-data
(默认值是:application/X-www-form-urlencoded)
enctype:是表单请求正文的类型
method属性取值必须是Post
提供一个文件选择域<input type="file" />
使用Commons-fileupload组件实现文件上传
应用服务器:负责部署我们的应用
数据库服务器:运行我们的数据库
缓存和消息服务器:复制处理大并发访问的缓存和消息
文件服务器:负责存储用户上传文件的服务器
pom.xml:
<dependency>
<groupId>commons-fileupload</groupId>
<artifactId>commons-fileupload</artifactId>
<version>1.3.1</version>
</dependency>
<dependency>
<groupId>commons-io</groupId>
<artifactId>commons-io</artifactId>
<version>2.4</version>
</dependency>
传统文件上传:
<h3>传统文件上传</h3>
<form action="/user/fileupload1" method="post" enctype="multipart/form-data">
选择文件:<input type="file" name="upload" /><br/>
<input type="submit" value="上传" />
</form>
/**
* 文件上传
* @return
*/
@RequestMapping("/fileupload1")
public String fileuoload1(HttpServletRequest request) throws Exception {
System.out.println("文件上传...");
// 使用fileupload组件完成文件上传
// 上传的位置
String path = request.getSession().getServletContext().getRealPath("/uploads/");
// 判断,该路径是否存在
File file = new File(path);
if(!file.exists()){
// 创建该文件夹
file.mkdirs();
}
// 解析request对象,获取上传文件项
DiskFileItemFactory factory = new DiskFileItemFactory();
ServletFileUpload upload = new ServletFileUpload(factory);
// 解析request
List<FileItem> items = upload.parseRequest(request);
// 遍历
for(FileItem item:items){
// 进行判断,当前item对象是否是上传文件项
if(item.isFormField()){
// 说明普通表单向
}else{
// 说明上传文件项
// 获取上传文件的名称
String filename = item.getName();
// 把文件的名称设置唯一值,uuid
String uuid = UUID.randomUUID().toString().replace("-", "");
filename = uuid+"_"+filename;
// 完成文件上传
item.write(new File(path,filename));
// 删除临时文件
item.delete();
}
}
return "success";
}
springmvc文件上传:
<h3>Springmvc文件上传</h3>
<form action="/user/fileupload2" method="post" enctype="multipart/form-data">
选择文件:<input type="file" name="upload" /><br/>
<input type="submit" value="上传" />
</form>
springmvc.xml:
<!--配置文件解析器对象-->
<bean id="multipartResolver" class="org.springframework.web.multipart.commons.CommonsMultipartResolver">
<property name="maxUploadSize" value="10485760" />
</bean>
/**
* SpringMVC文件上传
* @return
*/
@RequestMapping("/fileupload2")
public String fileuoload2(HttpServletRequest request, MultipartFile upload) throws Exception {
System.out.println("springmvc文件上传...");
// 使用fileupload组件完成文件上传
// 上传的位置
String path = request.getSession().getServletContext().getRealPath("/uploads/");
// 判断,该路径是否存在
File file = new File(path);
if(!file.exists()){
// 创建该文件夹
file.mkdirs();
}
// 说明上传文件项
// 获取上传文件的名称
String filename = upload.getOriginalFilename();
// 把文件的名称设置唯一值,uuid
String uuid = UUID.randomUUID().toString().replace("-", "");
filename = uuid+"_"+filename;
// 完成文件上传
upload.transferTo(new File(path,filename));
return "success";
}
跨服务器文件上传:
<h3>跨服务器文件上传</h3>
<form action="/user/fileupload3" method="post" enctype="multipart/form-data">
选择文件:<input type="file" name="upload" /><br/>
<input type="submit" value="上传" />
</form>
pom.xml:
<dependency>
<groupId>com.sun.jersey</groupId>
<artifactId>jersey-core</artifactId>
<version>1.18.1</version>
</dependency>
<dependency>
<groupId>com.sun.jersey</groupId>
<artifactId>jersey-client</artifactId>
<version>1.18.1</version>
</dependency>
/**
* 跨服务器文件上传
* @return
*/
@RequestMapping("/fileupload3")
public String fileuoload3(MultipartFile upload) throws Exception {
System.out.println("跨服务器文件上传...");
// 定义上传文件服务器路径
String path = "http://localhost:9090/uploads/";
// 说明上传文件项
// 获取上传文件的名称
String filename = upload.getOriginalFilename();
// 把文件的名称设置唯一值,uuid
String uuid = UUID.randomUUID().toString().replace("-", "");
filename = uuid+"_"+filename;
// 创建客户端的对象
Client client = Client.create();
// 和图片服务器进行连接
WebResource webResource = client.resource(path + filename);
// 上传文件
webResource.put(upload.getBytes());
return "success";
}