http://blog.csdn.net/biezhihua/article/details/44281029
向光明而行!
Service的基本概念
Service是Android的四大组件之一,在每一个应用程序中都扮演者非常重要的角色。
它主要用于在后台处理一些耗时的逻辑,或者去执行某些需要长期运行的任务。必要的时候,我们甚至可以在程序退出的情况下,让Service在后台继续保持运行状态。
既然都是被用于处理耗时的操作,那么我们什么时候使用Service,什么时候使用Thread呢?这就涉及到进程与线程之间的关系了,我们进入到下一节。
为什么要有Service
首先我们要知道,当一个应用开启后,并且没有任何其他的组件运行时,Android操作系统就给我们的应用开启了一个新的Linux进程并在里面创建了一个独立的线程。默认的,应用的所有组件都会运行在相同进程和线程(这个线程被称为”main”主线程)中运行。
进程创建后,就有了生命周期。Android操作系统会尽可能长时间的去维系一个应用进程保持运行。当然,如果为了创建一个新的或者更为重要的进程,Android操作系统也会移除旧的进程去释放内存。
根据进程中运行的组件和组件的状态,Andriod系统维护着一个”优先级关系“,来决定哪个进程被保持运行或者被杀死,最不重要的进程最先被杀死。
下面是优先级关系的列表(第一个进程最重要也是最后被杀死)
- 前台进程(Foreground process)
简单来说,当用户和应用程序交互时就是前台进程,此时会调用Activity的onResume()
方法。 - 可视进程
当一个应用程序不可以和用户交互,但是仍然可以被用户看到时就是可是进程,此时会调用Activity的onPause()
方法。 - 服务进程
当使用startService()
开启一个服务时,这个服务就处于服务进程中。 - 后台进程
当应用的Activity对当前用户都不可见时就是后台进程,此时会调用Activity的onStop()
方法。 - 空进程
应用进程中没有任何活动的组件时,就是空进程。当应用中没有服务,并且一直按返回键直到回到桌面时,这个应用就编程了空进程了。
当我们的应用开启了子线程并执行逻辑时,被用户按返回键变成了空进程时。如果有更重要的应用被启动,那么空进程可能会被Android操作系统杀死,我们的子线程中的逻辑也就会被中断,这样逻辑就不安全了。这是这个原因,Android才为我们提供了更稳定的Service方法。
Service的基本用法
Service最基本的用法自然就是如何启动一个Service了,启动Service的方法和启动Activity很类似,都需要借助Intent来实现,下面我们就通过一个具体的例子来看一下。
-
首先要明确,创建一个简单服务的基本步骤:
-
①写一个类继承
Service
,并重写其中的onCreate()
、onStartCommand()
、onDestory()
等生命周期方法。其中onBind()
方法是服务和Activity通信使用的,后面在讲解。 - ②Service是四大组件之一,需要在清单文件中声明。
-
③使用
startService(intent)
启动服务和使用stopService(intent)
停止服务。
接下来我们就创建一个简单的工程,画一个界面来操作一下。
首先,写一个类继承Service
,并重写其中的onCreate()
、onStartCommand()
、onDestory()
等生命周期方法,并在其中打印一些Log。代码如下:
<code class="language-java hljs has-numbering" style="display: block; padding: 0px; background-color: transparent; color: inherit; box-sizing: border-box; font-family: 'Source Code Pro', monospace;font-size:undefined; white-space: pre; border-top-left-radius: 0px; border-top-right-radius: 0px; border-bottom-right-radius: 0px; border-bottom-left-radius: 0px; word-wrap: normal; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial;"><span class="hljs-keyword" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 136); box-sizing: border-box;">public</span> <span class="hljs-class" style="box-sizing: border-box;"><span class="hljs-keyword" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 136); box-sizing: border-box;">class</span> <span class="hljs-title" style="box-sizing: border-box; color: rgb(102, 0, 102);">MyService</span> <span class="hljs-keyword" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 136); box-sizing: border-box;">extends</span> <span class="hljs-title" style="box-sizing: border-box; color: rgb(102, 0, 102);">Service</span>{</span> <span class="hljs-annotation" style="color: rgb(155, 133, 157); box-sizing: border-box;">@Override</span> <span class="hljs-keyword" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 136); box-sizing: border-box;">public</span> IBinder <span class="hljs-title" style="box-sizing: border-box;">onBind</span>(Intent intent) { <span class="hljs-keyword" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 136); box-sizing: border-box;">return</span> <span class="hljs-keyword" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 136); box-sizing: border-box;">null</span>; } <span class="hljs-annotation" style="color: rgb(155, 133, 157); box-sizing: border-box;">@Override</span> <span class="hljs-keyword" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 136); box-sizing: border-box;">public</span> <span class="hljs-keyword" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 136); box-sizing: border-box;">void</span> <span class="hljs-title" style="box-sizing: border-box;">onCreate</span>() { <span class="hljs-keyword" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 136); box-sizing: border-box;">super</span>.onCreate(); System.out.println(<span class="hljs-string" style="color: rgb(0, 136, 0); box-sizing: border-box;">"服务第一次被创建时调用"</span>); } <span class="hljs-annotation" style="color: rgb(155, 133, 157); box-sizing: border-box;">@Override</span> <span class="hljs-keyword" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 136); box-sizing: border-box;">public</span> <span class="hljs-keyword" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 136); box-sizing: border-box;">int</span> <span class="hljs-title" style="box-sizing: border-box;">onStartCommand</span>(Intent intent, <span class="hljs-keyword" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 136); box-sizing: border-box;">int</span> flags, <span class="hljs-keyword" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 136); box-sizing: border-box;">int</span> startId) { System.out.println(<span class="hljs-string" style="color: rgb(0, 136, 0); box-sizing: border-box;">"服务启动了"</span>); <span class="hljs-keyword" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 136); box-sizing: border-box;">return</span> <span class="hljs-keyword" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 136); box-sizing: border-box;">super</span>.onStartCommand(intent, flags, startId); } <span class="hljs-annotation" style="color: rgb(155, 133, 157); box-sizing: border-box;">@Override</span> <span class="hljs-keyword" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 136); box-sizing: border-box;">public</span> <span class="hljs-keyword" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 136); box-sizing: border-box;">void</span> <span class="hljs-title" style="box-sizing: border-box;">onDestroy</span>() { <span class="hljs-keyword" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 136); box-sizing: border-box;">super</span>.onDestroy(); System.out.println(<span class="hljs-string" style="color: rgb(0, 136, 0); box-sizing: border-box;">"服务销毁了"</span>); } }</code><ul class="pre-numbering" style="box-sizing: border-box; position: absolute; width: 50px; background-color: rgb(238, 238, 238); top: 0px; left: 0px; margin: 0px; padding: 6px 0px 40px; border-right-width: 1px; border-right-style: solid; border-right-color: rgb(221, 221, 221); list-style: none; text-align: right;"><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">1</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">2</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">3</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">4</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">5</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">6</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">7</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">8</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">9</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">10</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">11</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">12</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">13</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">14</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">15</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">16</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">17</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">18</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">19</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">20</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">21</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">22</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">23</li></ul>
其次,在清单文件中声明服务。
<code class="language-xml hljs has-numbering" style="display: block; padding: 0px; background-color: transparent; color: inherit; box-sizing: border-box; font-family: 'Source Code Pro', monospace;font-size:undefined; white-space: pre; border-top-left-radius: 0px; border-top-right-radius: 0px; border-bottom-right-radius: 0px; border-bottom-left-radius: 0px; word-wrap: normal; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial;"> <span class="hljs-tag" style="color: rgb(0, 102, 102); box-sizing: border-box;"><<span class="hljs-title" style="box-sizing: border-box; color: rgb(0, 0, 136);">application </span> <span class="hljs-attribute" style="box-sizing: border-box; color: rgb(102, 0, 102);">...</span> ></span> ... <span class="hljs-tag" style="color: rgb(0, 102, 102); box-sizing: border-box;"><<span class="hljs-title" style="box-sizing: border-box; color: rgb(0, 0, 136);">service</span> <span class="hljs-attribute" style="box-sizing: border-box; color: rgb(102, 0, 102);">android:name</span>=<span class="hljs-value" style="box-sizing: border-box; color: rgb(0, 136, 0);">"com.bzh.service01.MyService"</span> ></span> <span class="hljs-tag" style="color: rgb(0, 102, 102); box-sizing: border-box;"></<span class="hljs-title" style="box-sizing: border-box; color: rgb(0, 0, 136);">service</span>></span> <span class="hljs-tag" style="color: rgb(0, 102, 102); box-sizing: border-box;"></<span class="hljs-title" style="box-sizing: border-box; color: rgb(0, 0, 136);">application</span>></span></code><ul class="pre-numbering" style="box-sizing: border-box; position: absolute; width: 50px; background-color: rgb(238, 238, 238); top: 0px; left: 0px; margin: 0px; padding: 6px 0px 40px; border-right-width: 1px; border-right-style: solid; border-right-color: rgb(221, 221, 221); list-style: none; text-align: right;"><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">1</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">2</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">3</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">4</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">5</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">6</li></ul>
最后,做好以上这些操作后,我们就可以启动服务了。我们通过如下代码来启动和停止服务。
<code class="language-java hljs has-numbering" style="display: block; padding: 0px; background-color: transparent; color: inherit; box-sizing: border-box; font-family: 'Source Code Pro', monospace;font-size:undefined; white-space: pre; border-top-left-radius: 0px; border-top-right-radius: 0px; border-bottom-right-radius: 0px; border-bottom-left-radius: 0px; word-wrap: normal; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial;"><span class="hljs-keyword" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 136); box-sizing: border-box;">public</span> <span class="hljs-keyword" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 136); box-sizing: border-box;">void</span> <span class="hljs-title" style="box-sizing: border-box;">start</span>(View v) { <span class="hljs-comment" style="color: rgb(136, 0, 0); box-sizing: border-box;">// 准备好开启服务的意图</span> Intent service = <span class="hljs-keyword" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 136); box-sizing: border-box;">new</span> Intent(<span class="hljs-keyword" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 136); box-sizing: border-box;">this</span>, MyService.class); <span class="hljs-comment" style="color: rgb(136, 0, 0); box-sizing: border-box;">// 开启服务</span> startService(service); } <span class="hljs-keyword" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 136); box-sizing: border-box;">public</span> <span class="hljs-keyword" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 136); box-sizing: border-box;">void</span> <span class="hljs-title" style="box-sizing: border-box;">stop</span>(View v) { Intent service = <span class="hljs-keyword" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 136); box-sizing: border-box;">new</span> Intent(<span class="hljs-keyword" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 136); box-sizing: border-box;">this</span>, MyService.class); <span class="hljs-comment" style="color: rgb(136, 0, 0); box-sizing: border-box;">// 停止服务</span> stopService(service); }</code><ul class="pre-numbering" style="box-sizing: border-box; position: absolute; width: 50px; background-color: rgb(238, 238, 238); top: 0px; left: 0px; margin: 0px; padding: 6px 0px 40px; border-right-width: 1px; border-right-style: solid; border-right-color: rgb(221, 221, 221); list-style: none; text-align: right;"><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">1</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">2</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">3</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">4</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">5</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">6</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">7</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">8</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">9</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">10</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">11</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">12</li></ul>
值得说明的是,当启动一个Service的时候,会调用该Service中的onCreate()
和onStartCommand()
方法。当我们再次点击启动服务按钮时,就只有onStartCommand()
方法执行了,onCreate()
方法并没有执行。
之所以这样是由于onCreate()
方法只会在Service第一次被创建的时候调用,如果当前Service已经被创建过了,不管怎样调用启动服务的方法,onCreate()
方法都不会再执行。
而当我们点击停止服务是,onDesctory()
方法会被调用。请看一下,调用的测试图。
当我们启动服务后,我们可以在后台查看正在运行的服务。
电话窃听器的小案例
接下来,再通过一个小案例巩固一下服务、TelephonyManager
和录音设备的使用。
-
开发的基本步骤是:
-
①创建
PhoneService
类并继承Service
;在AndroidManifest.xml
文件中声明服务。 -
②获取到电话管理服务器(
TelephonyManager
),监听电话到来的状态; -
③判断电话的三种状态(空闲、响铃、接通),并在相应的方法中获取录音设备(
MediaRecorder
)、配置参数、录制、释放资源; - ④在应用启动时启动服务,退出时销毁服务。
第一步,创建PhoneService
类并继承Service
;在AndroidManifest.xml
文件中声明服务。请看下面的简略代码;
<code class="language-java hljs has-numbering" style="display: block; padding: 0px; background-color: transparent; color: inherit; box-sizing: border-box; font-family: 'Source Code Pro', monospace;font-size:undefined; white-space: pre; border-top-left-radius: 0px; border-top-right-radius: 0px; border-bottom-right-radius: 0px; border-bottom-left-radius: 0px; word-wrap: normal; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial;"><span class="hljs-keyword" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 136); box-sizing: border-box;">public</span> <span class="hljs-class" style="box-sizing: border-box;"><span class="hljs-keyword" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 136); box-sizing: border-box;">class</span> <span class="hljs-title" style="box-sizing: border-box; color: rgb(102, 0, 102);">PhoneService</span> <span class="hljs-keyword" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 136); box-sizing: border-box;">extends</span> <span class="hljs-title" style="box-sizing: border-box; color: rgb(102, 0, 102);">Service</span> {</span> <span class="hljs-annotation" style="color: rgb(155, 133, 157); box-sizing: border-box;">@Override</span> <span class="hljs-keyword" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 136); box-sizing: border-box;">public</span> IBinder <span class="hljs-title" style="box-sizing: border-box;">onBind</span>(Intent intent) { <span class="hljs-keyword" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 136); box-sizing: border-box;">return</span> <span class="hljs-keyword" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 136); box-sizing: border-box;">null</span>; } <span class="hljs-annotation" style="color: rgb(155, 133, 157); box-sizing: border-box;">@Override</span> <span class="hljs-keyword" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 136); box-sizing: border-box;">public</span> <span class="hljs-keyword" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 136); box-sizing: border-box;">void</span> <span class="hljs-title" style="box-sizing: border-box;">onCreate</span>() { <span class="hljs-keyword" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 136); box-sizing: border-box;">super</span>.onCreate(); System.out.println(<span class="hljs-string" style="color: rgb(0, 136, 0); box-sizing: border-box;">"服务第一次被创建"</span>); } <span class="hljs-annotation" style="color: rgb(155, 133, 157); box-sizing: border-box;">@Override</span> <span class="hljs-keyword" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 136); box-sizing: border-box;">public</span> <span class="hljs-keyword" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 136); box-sizing: border-box;">int</span> <span class="hljs-title" style="box-sizing: border-box;">onStartCommand</span>(Intent intent, <span class="hljs-keyword" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 136); box-sizing: border-box;">int</span> flags, <span class="hljs-keyword" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 136); box-sizing: border-box;">int</span> startId) { System.out.println(<span class="hljs-string" style="color: rgb(0, 136, 0); box-sizing: border-box;">"服务启动"</span>); <span class="hljs-keyword" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 136); box-sizing: border-box;">return</span> <span class="hljs-keyword" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 136); box-sizing: border-box;">super</span>.onStartCommand(intent, flags, startId); } <span class="hljs-annotation" style="color: rgb(155, 133, 157); box-sizing: border-box;">@Override</span> <span class="hljs-keyword" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 136); box-sizing: border-box;">public</span> <span class="hljs-keyword" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 136); box-sizing: border-box;">void</span> <span class="hljs-title" style="box-sizing: border-box;">onDestroy</span>() { <span class="hljs-keyword" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 136); box-sizing: border-box;">super</span>.onDestroy(); System.out.println(<span class="hljs-string" style="color: rgb(0, 136, 0); box-sizing: border-box;">"服务销毁"</span>); } }</code><ul class="pre-numbering" style="box-sizing: border-box; position: absolute; width: 50px; background-color: rgb(238, 238, 238); top: 0px; left: 0px; margin: 0px; padding: 6px 0px 40px; border-right-width: 1px; border-right-style: solid; border-right-color: rgb(221, 221, 221); list-style: none; text-align: right;"><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">1</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">2</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">3</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">4</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">5</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">6</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">7</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">8</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">9</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">10</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">11</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">12</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">13</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">14</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">15</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">16</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">17</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">18</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">19</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">20</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">21</li></ul>
在清单文件中声明服务:
<code class="language-xml hljs has-numbering" style="display: block; padding: 0px; background-color: transparent; color: inherit; box-sizing: border-box; font-family: 'Source Code Pro', monospace;font-size:undefined; white-space: pre; border-top-left-radius: 0px; border-top-right-radius: 0px; border-bottom-right-radius: 0px; border-bottom-left-radius: 0px; word-wrap: normal; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial;"><span class="hljs-tag" style="color: rgb(0, 102, 102); box-sizing: border-box;"><<span class="hljs-title" style="box-sizing: border-box; color: rgb(0, 0, 136);">service</span> <span class="hljs-attribute" style="box-sizing: border-box; color: rgb(102, 0, 102);">android:name</span>=<span class="hljs-value" style="box-sizing: border-box; color: rgb(0, 136, 0);">"com.bzh.phonelistener.PhoneService"</span> ></span> <span class="hljs-tag" style="color: rgb(0, 102, 102); box-sizing: border-box;"></<span class="hljs-title" style="box-sizing: border-box; color: rgb(0, 0, 136);">service</span>></span></code><ul class="pre-numbering" style="box-sizing: border-box; position: absolute; width: 50px; background-color: rgb(238, 238, 238); top: 0px; left: 0px; margin: 0px; padding: 6px 0px 40px; border-right-width: 1px; border-right-style: solid; border-right-color: rgb(221, 221, 221); list-style: none; text-align: right;"><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">1</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">2</li></ul>
第二步,获取到电话管理服务器(TelephonyManager
),监听电话到来的状态;
我们在PhoneService
类的onCreate()
方法中,拿到电话管理者的实例,并监听电话状态的改变。
<code class="language-java hljs has-numbering" style="display: block; padding: 0px; background-color: transparent; color: inherit; box-sizing: border-box; font-family: 'Source Code Pro', monospace;font-size:undefined; white-space: pre; border-top-left-radius: 0px; border-top-right-radius: 0px; border-bottom-right-radius: 0px; border-bottom-left-radius: 0px; word-wrap: normal; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial;"><span class="hljs-annotation" style="color: rgb(155, 133, 157); box-sizing: border-box;">@Override</span> <span class="hljs-keyword" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 136); box-sizing: border-box;">public</span> <span class="hljs-keyword" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 136); box-sizing: border-box;">void</span> <span class="hljs-title" style="box-sizing: border-box;">onCreate</span>() { <span class="hljs-keyword" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 136); box-sizing: border-box;">super</span>.onCreate(); System.out.println(<span class="hljs-string" style="color: rgb(0, 136, 0); box-sizing: border-box;">"服务第一次被创建"</span>); <span class="hljs-comment" style="color: rgb(136, 0, 0); box-sizing: border-box;">// 拿到电话服务的管理者实例</span> TelephonyManager telephonyManager = (TelephonyManager) getSystemService(Context.TELEPHONY_SERVICE); <span class="hljs-comment" style="color: rgb(136, 0, 0); box-sizing: border-box;">// 去监听电话状态的改变</span> telephonyManager.listen(<span class="hljs-keyword" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 136); box-sizing: border-box;">new</span> MyPhoneListener(), PhoneStateListener.LISTEN_CALL_STATE); }</code><ul class="pre-numbering" style="box-sizing: border-box; position: absolute; width: 50px; background-color: rgb(238, 238, 238); top: 0px; left: 0px; margin: 0px; padding: 6px 0px 40px; border-right-width: 1px; border-right-style: solid; border-right-color: rgb(221, 221, 221); list-style: none; text-align: right;"><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">1</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">2</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">3</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">4</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">5</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">6</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">7</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">8</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">9</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">10</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">11</li></ul>
值得注意的是,我们去监听电话状态影响到了用户的隐私,所以需要添加权限。
<code class="language-xml hljs has-numbering" style="display: block; padding: 0px; background-color: transparent; color: inherit; box-sizing: border-box; font-family: 'Source Code Pro', monospace;font-size:undefined; white-space: pre; border-top-left-radius: 0px; border-top-right-radius: 0px; border-bottom-right-radius: 0px; border-bottom-left-radius: 0px; word-wrap: normal; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial;"><span class="hljs-comment" style="color: rgb(136, 0, 0); box-sizing: border-box;"><!-- 监听电话状态所需的权限 --></span> <span class="hljs-tag" style="color: rgb(0, 102, 102); box-sizing: border-box;"><<span class="hljs-title" style="box-sizing: border-box; color: rgb(0, 0, 136);">uses-permission</span> <span class="hljs-attribute" style="box-sizing: border-box; color: rgb(102, 0, 102);">android:name</span>=<span class="hljs-value" style="box-sizing: border-box; color: rgb(0, 136, 0);">"android.permission.READ_PHONE_STATE"</span> /></span></code><ul class="pre-numbering" style="box-sizing: border-box; position: absolute; width: 50px; background-color: rgb(238, 238, 238); top: 0px; left: 0px; margin: 0px; padding: 6px 0px 40px; border-right-width: 1px; border-right-style: solid; border-right-color: rgb(221, 221, 221); list-style: none; text-align: right;"><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">1</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">2</li></ul>
第三步,判断电话的三种状态(空闲、响铃、接通),并在相应的方法中获取录音设备(MediaRecorder
)、配置参数、录制、释放资源;
在上一步中TelephonyManager
对象中listen(PhoneStateListener listener, int events)
方法,可以注册一个监听对象去接收指定电话设备状态的通知,那么我们下面的重点就在这个监听对象上了。
我们创建一个内容类,继承PhoneStateListener
,并重写onCallStateChanged(int state, String incomingNumber)
方法,接收改变的事件。事件分为三种:空闲(TelephonyManager.CALL_STATE_IDLE
)、响铃(TelephonyManager.CALL_STATE_RINGING
)、接通(TelephonyManager.CALL_STATE_OFFHOOK
)。
另外,当电话到来时我们需要用到MediaRecorder
类去记录音频数据。分别在空闲、响铃、接通状态中做初始化、配置、准备录音、结束录音等操作。请看代码。
<code class="language-java hljs has-numbering" style="display: block; padding: 0px; background-color: transparent; color: inherit; box-sizing: border-box; font-family: 'Source Code Pro', monospace;font-size:undefined; white-space: pre; border-top-left-radius: 0px; border-top-right-radius: 0px; border-bottom-right-radius: 0px; border-bottom-left-radius: 0px; word-wrap: normal; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial;"><span class="hljs-keyword" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 136); box-sizing: border-box;">private</span> <span class="hljs-class" style="box-sizing: border-box;"><span class="hljs-keyword" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 136); box-sizing: border-box;">class</span> <span class="hljs-title" style="box-sizing: border-box; color: rgb(102, 0, 102);">MyPhoneListener</span> <span class="hljs-keyword" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 136); box-sizing: border-box;">extends</span> <span class="hljs-title" style="box-sizing: border-box; color: rgb(102, 0, 102);">PhoneStateListener</span> {</span> <span class="hljs-keyword" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 136); box-sizing: border-box;">private</span> MediaRecorder recorder; <span class="hljs-annotation" style="color: rgb(155, 133, 157); box-sizing: border-box;">@Override</span> <span class="hljs-keyword" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 136); box-sizing: border-box;">public</span> <span class="hljs-keyword" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 136); box-sizing: border-box;">void</span> <span class="hljs-title" style="box-sizing: border-box;">onCallStateChanged</span>(<span class="hljs-keyword" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 136); box-sizing: border-box;">int</span> state, String incomingNumber) { <span class="hljs-keyword" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 136); box-sizing: border-box;">super</span>.onCallStateChanged(state, incomingNumber); <span class="hljs-keyword" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 136); box-sizing: border-box;">switch</span> (state) { <span class="hljs-keyword" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 136); box-sizing: border-box;">case</span> TelephonyManager.CALL_STATE_IDLE: <span class="hljs-comment" style="color: rgb(136, 0, 0); box-sizing: border-box;">// 电话处于空闲状态</span> System.out.println(<span class="hljs-string" style="color: rgb(0, 136, 0); box-sizing: border-box;">"电话处于空闲状态"</span>); <span class="hljs-keyword" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 136); box-sizing: border-box;">if</span> (recorder != <span class="hljs-keyword" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 136); box-sizing: border-box;">null</span>) { <span class="hljs-comment" style="color: rgb(136, 0, 0); box-sizing: border-box;">// 停止录音并释放资源</span> recorder.stop(); recorder.reset(); recorder.release(); System.out.println(<span class="hljs-string" style="color: rgb(0, 136, 0); box-sizing: border-box;">"录音成功"</span>); } <span class="hljs-keyword" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 136); box-sizing: border-box;">break</span>; <span class="hljs-keyword" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 136); box-sizing: border-box;">case</span> TelephonyManager.CALL_STATE_RINGING:<span class="hljs-comment" style="color: rgb(136, 0, 0); box-sizing: border-box;">// 电话处于响铃状态</span> System.out.println(<span class="hljs-string" style="color: rgb(0, 136, 0); box-sizing: border-box;">"电话处于响铃状态"</span>); <span class="hljs-comment" style="color: rgb(136, 0, 0); box-sizing: border-box;">// 拿到录音机</span> recorder = <span class="hljs-keyword" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 136); box-sizing: border-box;">new</span> MediaRecorder(); <span class="hljs-comment" style="color: rgb(136, 0, 0); box-sizing: border-box;">// 设置录音的声音来源;MIC是麦克风;VOICE_CALL是双方通话的声音,但是好多手机不支持;</span> recorder.setAudioSource(MediaRecorder.AudioSource.MIC); <span class="hljs-comment" style="color: rgb(136, 0, 0); box-sizing: border-box;">// 音频输出格式为3GP</span> recorder.setOutputFormat(MediaRecorder.OutputFormat.THREE_GPP); <span class="hljs-comment" style="color: rgb(136, 0, 0); box-sizing: border-box;">// 音频编码格式</span> recorder.setAudioEncoder(MediaRecorder.AudioEncoder.AMR_NB); <span class="hljs-comment" style="color: rgb(136, 0, 0); box-sizing: border-box;">// 音频的输出目录</span> recorder.setOutputFile(<span class="hljs-string" style="color: rgb(0, 136, 0); box-sizing: border-box;">"/mnt/sdcard/"</span> + UUID.randomUUID().toString() + <span class="hljs-string" style="color: rgb(0, 136, 0); box-sizing: border-box;">".3gp"</span>); <span class="hljs-keyword" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 136); box-sizing: border-box;">try</span> { recorder.prepare(); } <span class="hljs-keyword" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 136); box-sizing: border-box;">catch</span> (Exception e) { e.printStackTrace(); } <span class="hljs-keyword" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 136); box-sizing: border-box;">break</span>; <span class="hljs-keyword" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 136); box-sizing: border-box;">case</span> TelephonyManager.CALL_STATE_OFFHOOK:<span class="hljs-comment" style="color: rgb(136, 0, 0); box-sizing: border-box;">// 电话接通</span> System.out.println(<span class="hljs-string" style="color: rgb(0, 136, 0); box-sizing: border-box;">"电话接通"</span>); <span class="hljs-comment" style="color: rgb(136, 0, 0); box-sizing: border-box;">// 开始录制</span> recorder.start(); <span class="hljs-comment" style="color: rgb(136, 0, 0); box-sizing: border-box;">// Recording is now started</span> System.out.println(<span class="hljs-string" style="color: rgb(0, 136, 0); box-sizing: border-box;">"开始录制"</span>); <span class="hljs-keyword" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 136); box-sizing: border-box;">break</span>; <span class="hljs-keyword" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 136); box-sizing: border-box;">default</span>: <span class="hljs-keyword" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 136); box-sizing: border-box;">break</span>; } } }</code><ul class="pre-numbering" style="box-sizing: border-box; position: absolute; width: 50px; background-color: rgb(238, 238, 238); top: 0px; left: 0px; margin: 0px; padding: 6px 0px 40px; border-right-width: 1px; border-right-style: solid; border-right-color: rgb(221, 221, 221); list-style: none; text-align: right;"><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">1</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">2</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">3</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">4</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">5</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">6</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">7</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">8</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">9</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">10</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">11</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">12</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">13</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">14</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">15</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">16</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">17</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">18</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">19</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">20</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">21</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">22</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">23</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">24</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">25</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">26</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">27</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">28</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">29</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">30</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">31</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">32</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">33</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">34</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">35</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">36</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">37</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">38</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">39</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">40</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">41</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">42</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">43</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">44</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">45</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">46</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">47</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">48</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">49</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">50</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">51</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">52</li></ul>
此时,当我们执行,会包一个异常,是由于未加权限引起的。
下面是录音所加的权限。
<code class="language-xml hljs has-numbering" style="display: block; padding: 0px; background-color: transparent; color: inherit; box-sizing: border-box; font-family: 'Source Code Pro', monospace;font-size:undefined; white-space: pre; border-top-left-radius: 0px; border-top-right-radius: 0px; border-bottom-right-radius: 0px; border-bottom-left-radius: 0px; word-wrap: normal; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial;"> <span class="hljs-comment" style="color: rgb(136, 0, 0); box-sizing: border-box;"><!-- 录音和保存录音所需的权限 --></span> <span class="hljs-tag" style="color: rgb(0, 102, 102); box-sizing: border-box;"><<span class="hljs-title" style="box-sizing: border-box; color: rgb(0, 0, 136);">uses-permission</span> <span class="hljs-attribute" style="box-sizing: border-box; color: rgb(102, 0, 102);">android:name</span>=<span class="hljs-value" style="box-sizing: border-box; color: rgb(0, 136, 0);">"android.permission.WRITE_EXTERNAL_STORAGE"</span> /></span> <span class="hljs-tag" style="color: rgb(0, 102, 102); box-sizing: border-box;"><<span class="hljs-title" style="box-sizing: border-box; color: rgb(0, 0, 136);">uses-permission</span> <span class="hljs-attribute" style="box-sizing: border-box; color: rgb(102, 0, 102);">android:name</span>=<span class="hljs-value" style="box-sizing: border-box; color: rgb(0, 136, 0);">"android.permission.RECORD_AUDIO"</span> /></span></code><ul class="pre-numbering" style="box-sizing: border-box; position: absolute; width: 50px; background-color: rgb(238, 238, 238); top: 0px; left: 0px; margin: 0px; padding: 6px 0px 40px; border-right-width: 1px; border-right-style: solid; border-right-color: rgb(221, 221, 221); list-style: none; text-align: right;"><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">1</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">2</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">3</li></ul>
最后一步,在应用启动时启动服务,退出时销毁服务。这里的代码就更简单了。
<code class="language-java hljs has-numbering" style="display: block; padding: 0px; background-color: transparent; color: inherit; box-sizing: border-box; font-family: 'Source Code Pro', monospace;font-size:undefined; white-space: pre; border-top-left-radius: 0px; border-top-right-radius: 0px; border-bottom-right-radius: 0px; border-bottom-left-radius: 0px; word-wrap: normal; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial;"><span class="hljs-annotation" style="color: rgb(155, 133, 157); box-sizing: border-box;">@Override</span> <span class="hljs-keyword" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 136); box-sizing: border-box;">protected</span> <span class="hljs-keyword" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 136); box-sizing: border-box;">void</span> <span class="hljs-title" style="box-sizing: border-box;">onCreate</span>(Bundle savedInstanceState) { <span class="hljs-keyword" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 136); box-sizing: border-box;">super</span>.onCreate(savedInstanceState); setContentView(R.layout.activity_main); <span class="hljs-comment" style="color: rgb(136, 0, 0); box-sizing: border-box;">// 开启窃听服务</span> Intent service = <span class="hljs-keyword" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 136); box-sizing: border-box;">new</span> Intent(<span class="hljs-keyword" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 136); box-sizing: border-box;">this</span>, PhoneService.class); startService(service); } <span class="hljs-annotation" style="color: rgb(155, 133, 157); box-sizing: border-box;">@Override</span> <span class="hljs-keyword" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 136); box-sizing: border-box;">protected</span> <span class="hljs-keyword" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 136); box-sizing: border-box;">void</span> <span class="hljs-title" style="box-sizing: border-box;">onDestroy</span>() { <span class="hljs-keyword" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 136); box-sizing: border-box;">super</span>.onDestroy(); Intent service = <span class="hljs-keyword" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 136); box-sizing: border-box;">new</span> Intent(<span class="hljs-keyword" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 136); box-sizing: border-box;">this</span>, PhoneService.class); <span class="hljs-comment" style="color: rgb(136, 0, 0); box-sizing: border-box;">// 销毁服务</span> stopService(service); }</code><ul class="pre-numbering" style="box-sizing: border-box; position: absolute; width: 50px; background-color: rgb(238, 238, 238); top: 0px; left: 0px; margin: 0px; padding: 6px 0px 40px; border-right-width: 1px; border-right-style: solid; border-right-color: rgb(221, 221, 221); list-style: none; text-align: right;"><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">1</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">2</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">3</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">4</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">5</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">6</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">7</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">8</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">9</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">10</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">11</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">12</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">13</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">14</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">15</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">16</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">17</li></ul>
至此,整个小案例就结束了。通过这个案例,练习了服务的基本使用方法,和电话管理者对电话状态的监听,以及如何录音。
Service和Activity通信
上面我们学习了Service的基本用法,启动Service之后,就可以在onCreate()
或onStartCommand()
方法里去执行一些具体的逻辑了。
不过这样的话Service和Activity的关系并不大,只是Activity通知了Service一下:“你可以启动了。”然后Service就去忙自己的事情了。那么有没有什么办法能让它们俩的关联更多一些呢?比如说在Activity中可以调用Service中的方法。
当然可以,只需要让Activity和Service建立关联就好了,这其中就用到了ContextWrapper.bindService()
方法和IBinder
接口了。
通过查看Api可以发现IBinder
接口描述了抽象的协议如何与远程对象进行交互的。而Google又为我们提供了默认的实现Binder
类。帮助我们在Activity和Service之间进行通信。
我们再来看一下ContextWrapper.bindService()
的API注释Connect to an application service, creating it if needed.
,简单来说就是,通过这个方法去连接到Service,如果Service还没有创建,并且需要去创建,那么就创建它。
此外,有了绑定服务的方法,那么也会有解除绑定的unbindService()
方法。
这样说来说去可能大家都晕了,还是通过一个工程来讲解吧。
创建一个工程,界面如下,每个Button都对应着自己的方法。
界面布局非常简单,这里为了节省篇幅就不贴了。
那么我们先看一下MainActivity里面都做了些什么吧。
<code class="language-java hljs has-numbering" style="display: block; padding: 0px; background-color: transparent; color: inherit; box-sizing: border-box; font-family: 'Source Code Pro', monospace;font-size:undefined; white-space: pre; border-top-left-radius: 0px; border-top-right-radius: 0px; border-bottom-right-radius: 0px; border-bottom-left-radius: 0px; word-wrap: normal; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial;"><span class="hljs-keyword" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 136); box-sizing: border-box;">public</span> <span class="hljs-class" style="box-sizing: border-box;"><span class="hljs-keyword" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 136); box-sizing: border-box;">class</span> <span class="hljs-title" style="box-sizing: border-box; color: rgb(102, 0, 102);">MainActivity</span> <span class="hljs-keyword" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 136); box-sizing: border-box;">extends</span> <span class="hljs-title" style="box-sizing: border-box; color: rgb(102, 0, 102);">Activity</span> {</span> <span class="hljs-annotation" style="color: rgb(155, 133, 157); box-sizing: border-box;">@Override</span> <span class="hljs-keyword" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 136); box-sizing: border-box;">protected</span> <span class="hljs-keyword" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 136); box-sizing: border-box;">void</span> <span class="hljs-title" style="box-sizing: border-box;">onCreate</span>(Bundle savedInstanceState) { <span class="hljs-keyword" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 136); box-sizing: border-box;">super</span>.onCreate(savedInstanceState); setContentView(R.layout.activity_main); <span class="hljs-comment" style="color: rgb(136, 0, 0); box-sizing: border-box;">// 实例化Activity与Service的连接对象</span> conn = <span class="hljs-keyword" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 136); box-sizing: border-box;">new</span> MyServiceConnection(); } ServiceConnection conn; <span class="hljs-comment" style="color: rgb(136, 0, 0); box-sizing: border-box;">// 启动服务</span> <span class="hljs-keyword" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 136); box-sizing: border-box;">public</span> <span class="hljs-keyword" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 136); box-sizing: border-box;">void</span> <span class="hljs-title" style="box-sizing: border-box;">start</span>(View v) { Intent service = <span class="hljs-keyword" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 136); box-sizing: border-box;">new</span> Intent(<span class="hljs-keyword" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 136); box-sizing: border-box;">this</span>, MyService.class); startService(service); } <span class="hljs-comment" style="color: rgb(136, 0, 0); box-sizing: border-box;">// 绑定服务</span> <span class="hljs-keyword" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 136); box-sizing: border-box;">public</span> <span class="hljs-keyword" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 136); box-sizing: border-box;">void</span> <span class="hljs-title" style="box-sizing: border-box;">bind</span>(View v) { Intent service = <span class="hljs-keyword" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 136); box-sizing: border-box;">new</span> Intent(<span class="hljs-keyword" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 136); box-sizing: border-box;">this</span>, MyService.class); <span class="hljs-comment" style="color: rgb(136, 0, 0); box-sizing: border-box;">// 参数1:Activity要绑定的Service</span> <span class="hljs-comment" style="color: rgb(136, 0, 0); box-sizing: border-box;">// 参数2:Activity与Service连接所需的连接对象</span> <span class="hljs-comment" style="color: rgb(136, 0, 0); box-sizing: border-box;">// 参数3:连接时,如果服务还没有创建就自动创建</span> bindService(service, conn, Context.BIND_AUTO_CREATE); } <span class="hljs-comment" style="color: rgb(136, 0, 0); box-sizing: border-box;">// 解绑服务</span> <span class="hljs-keyword" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 136); box-sizing: border-box;">public</span> <span class="hljs-keyword" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 136); box-sizing: border-box;">void</span> <span class="hljs-title" style="box-sizing: border-box;">unbind</span>(View v) { <span class="hljs-comment" style="color: rgb(136, 0, 0); box-sizing: border-box;">// 解除连接</span> unbindService(conn); } <span class="hljs-comment" style="color: rgb(136, 0, 0); box-sizing: border-box;">// 停止服务</span> <span class="hljs-keyword" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 136); box-sizing: border-box;">public</span> <span class="hljs-keyword" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 136); box-sizing: border-box;">void</span> <span class="hljs-title" style="box-sizing: border-box;">stop</span>(View v) { Intent service = <span class="hljs-keyword" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 136); box-sizing: border-box;">new</span> Intent(<span class="hljs-keyword" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 136); box-sizing: border-box;">this</span>, MyService.class); stopService(service); } <span class="hljs-comment" style="color: rgb(136, 0, 0); box-sizing: border-box;">// 监视服务的状态</span> <span class="hljs-keyword" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 136); box-sizing: border-box;">private</span> <span class="hljs-class" style="box-sizing: border-box;"><span class="hljs-keyword" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 136); box-sizing: border-box;">class</span> <span class="hljs-title" style="box-sizing: border-box; color: rgb(102, 0, 102);">MyServiceConnection</span> <span class="hljs-keyword" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 136); box-sizing: border-box;">implements</span> <span class="hljs-title" style="box-sizing: border-box; color: rgb(102, 0, 102);">ServiceConnection</span> {</span> <span class="hljs-annotation" style="color: rgb(155, 133, 157); box-sizing: border-box;">@Override</span> <span class="hljs-keyword" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 136); box-sizing: border-box;">public</span> <span class="hljs-keyword" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 136); box-sizing: border-box;">void</span> <span class="hljs-title" style="box-sizing: border-box;">onServiceConnected</span>(ComponentName name, IBinder service) { System.out.println(<span class="hljs-string" style="color: rgb(0, 136, 0); box-sizing: border-box;">"MainActivity和MyService已经连接成功"</span>); MyBinder myBinder = (MyBinder) service; myBinder.callMethod1(); myBinder.callMethod2(); } <span class="hljs-annotation" style="color: rgb(155, 133, 157); box-sizing: border-box;">@Override</span> <span class="hljs-keyword" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 136); box-sizing: border-box;">public</span> <span class="hljs-keyword" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 136); box-sizing: border-box;">void</span> <span class="hljs-title" style="box-sizing: border-box;">onServiceDisconnected</span>(ComponentName name) { } } }</code><ul class="pre-numbering" style="box-sizing: border-box; position: absolute; width: 50px; background-color: rgb(238, 238, 238); top: 0px; left: 0px; margin: 0px; padding: 6px 0px 40px; border-right-width: 1px; border-right-style: solid; border-right-color: rgb(221, 221, 221); list-style: none; text-align: right;"><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">1</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">2</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">3</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">4</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">5</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">6</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">7</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">8</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">9</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">10</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">11</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">12</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">13</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">14</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">15</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">16</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">17</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">18</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">19</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">20</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">21</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">22</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">23</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">24</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">25</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">26</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">27</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">28</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">29</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">30</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">31</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">32</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">33</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">34</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">35</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">36</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">37</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">38</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">39</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">40</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">41</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">42</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">43</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">44</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">45</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">46</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">47</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">48</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">49</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">50</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">51</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">52</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">53</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">54</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">55</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">56</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">57</li></ul>
除了Binder
,Activity与Service建立连接还需要一个实现ServiceConnection
接口的对象。
可以看到,这里我们创建了一个实现ServiecConnection
接口的内部类,在里面重写了onServiceConnected()
方法和onServiceDisconnected()
方法,这两个方法分别会在Activity与Service建立关联和解除关联的时候调用。
在onServiceConnected()
方法中,我们又通过向下转型得到了MyBinder
的实例,有了这个实例,Activity和Service之间的关系就变得非常紧密了。
现在我们可以在Activity中根据具体的场景,并借助MyBinder
中的任何public方法去调用服务中的任何方法了,即实现了Activity指挥Service干什么Service就去干什么的功能。
再看一下MyService中的方法。
<code class="language-java hljs has-numbering" style="display: block; padding: 0px; background-color: transparent; color: inherit; box-sizing: border-box; font-family: 'Source Code Pro', monospace;font-size:undefined; white-space: pre; border-top-left-radius: 0px; border-top-right-radius: 0px; border-bottom-right-radius: 0px; border-bottom-left-radius: 0px; word-wrap: normal; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial;"><span class="hljs-keyword" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 136); box-sizing: border-box;">public</span> <span class="hljs-class" style="box-sizing: border-box;"><span class="hljs-keyword" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 136); box-sizing: border-box;">class</span> <span class="hljs-title" style="box-sizing: border-box; color: rgb(102, 0, 102);">MyService</span> <span class="hljs-keyword" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 136); box-sizing: border-box;">extends</span> <span class="hljs-title" style="box-sizing: border-box; color: rgb(102, 0, 102);">Service</span> {</span> <span class="hljs-annotation" style="color: rgb(155, 133, 157); box-sizing: border-box;">@Override</span> <span class="hljs-keyword" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 136); box-sizing: border-box;">public</span> IBinder <span class="hljs-title" style="box-sizing: border-box;">onBind</span>(Intent intent) { <span class="hljs-comment" style="color: rgb(136, 0, 0); box-sizing: border-box;">// 返回自定的Binder,帮助Activity与Service之间的通信</span> <span class="hljs-keyword" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 136); box-sizing: border-box;">return</span> <span class="hljs-keyword" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 136); box-sizing: border-box;">new</span> MyBinder(); } <span class="hljs-annotation" style="color: rgb(155, 133, 157); box-sizing: border-box;">@Override</span> <span class="hljs-keyword" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 136); box-sizing: border-box;">public</span> <span class="hljs-keyword" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 136); box-sizing: border-box;">void</span> <span class="hljs-title" style="box-sizing: border-box;">onCreate</span>() { <span class="hljs-keyword" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 136); box-sizing: border-box;">super</span>.onCreate(); System.out.println(<span class="hljs-string" style="color: rgb(0, 136, 0); box-sizing: border-box;">"onCreate()"</span>); } <span class="hljs-annotation" style="color: rgb(155, 133, 157); box-sizing: border-box;">@Override</span> <span class="hljs-keyword" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 136); box-sizing: border-box;">public</span> <span class="hljs-keyword" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 136); box-sizing: border-box;">int</span> <span class="hljs-title" style="box-sizing: border-box;">onStartCommand</span>(Intent intent, <span class="hljs-keyword" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 136); box-sizing: border-box;">int</span> flags, <span class="hljs-keyword" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 136); box-sizing: border-box;">int</span> startId) { System.out.println(<span class="hljs-string" style="color: rgb(0, 136, 0); box-sizing: border-box;">"onStartCommand()"</span>); <span class="hljs-keyword" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 136); box-sizing: border-box;">return</span> <span class="hljs-keyword" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 136); box-sizing: border-box;">super</span>.onStartCommand(intent, flags, startId); } <span class="hljs-annotation" style="color: rgb(155, 133, 157); box-sizing: border-box;">@Override</span> <span class="hljs-keyword" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 136); box-sizing: border-box;">public</span> <span class="hljs-keyword" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 136); box-sizing: border-box;">void</span> <span class="hljs-title" style="box-sizing: border-box;">onDestroy</span>() { System.out.println(<span class="hljs-string" style="color: rgb(0, 136, 0); box-sizing: border-box;">"onDestroy()"</span>); <span class="hljs-keyword" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 136); box-sizing: border-box;">super</span>.onDestroy(); } <span class="hljs-keyword" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 136); box-sizing: border-box;">public</span> <span class="hljs-keyword" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 136); box-sizing: border-box;">void</span> <span class="hljs-title" style="box-sizing: border-box;">method1</span>() { System.out.println(<span class="hljs-string" style="color: rgb(0, 136, 0); box-sizing: border-box;">"我是服务中的方法1"</span>); } <span class="hljs-keyword" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 136); box-sizing: border-box;">public</span> <span class="hljs-keyword" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 136); box-sizing: border-box;">void</span> <span class="hljs-title" style="box-sizing: border-box;">method2</span>() { System.out.println(<span class="hljs-string" style="color: rgb(0, 136, 0); box-sizing: border-box;">"我是服务中的方法2"</span>); } class MyBinder extends Binder { <span class="hljs-keyword" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 136); box-sizing: border-box;">public</span> <span class="hljs-keyword" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 136); box-sizing: border-box;">void</span> <span class="hljs-title" style="box-sizing: border-box;">callMethod1</span>() { method1(); } <span class="hljs-keyword" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 136); box-sizing: border-box;">public</span> <span class="hljs-keyword" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 136); box-sizing: border-box;">void</span> <span class="hljs-title" style="box-sizing: border-box;">callMethod2</span>() { method2(); } } }</code><ul class="pre-numbering" style="box-sizing: border-box; position: absolute; width: 50px; background-color: rgb(238, 238, 238); top: 0px; left: 0px; margin: 0px; padding: 6px 0px 40px; border-right-width: 1px; border-right-style: solid; border-right-color: rgb(221, 221, 221); list-style: none; text-align: right;"><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">1</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">2</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">3</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">4</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">5</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">6</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">7</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">8</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">9</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">10</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">11</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">12</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">13</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">14</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">15</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">16</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">17</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">18</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">19</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">20</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">21</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">22</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">23</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">24</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">25</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">26</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">27</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">28</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">29</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">30</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">31</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">32</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">33</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">34</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">35</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">36</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">37</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">38</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">39</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">40</li></ul>
MyService中的逻辑也比较简单,其中Activity与Service建立关联的核心方法就是onBind()
方法,在其中我们返回了继承了Binder
类MyBinder的实例。这样在MainActivity的MyServiceConnection内部类中拿到IBinder并向下转型后,就可以随意的操纵服务中的方法了。
另外非常值得注意的一点:
在bindService(service, conn, Context.BIND_AUTO_CREATE);
中可以看到,当去连接时,如果服务还没有创建,便会通过Context.BIND_AUTO_CREATE
标识位来自动帮助我们创建服务。
但是这样你会发现startService()
、bindService()
、unbindService()
、stopService()
它们之间如果乱序的调用,会非常容易出现异常。
而Google也给出了建议的调用顺序,我们只需要遵守就可以了:
- 如果需要长期运行的服务,那么就使用
startService()
来开启。 - 如果需要Activity与Service进行交互,那么先使用
startService()
来开启服务,再使用bindService()
方法绑定服务、建立连接。 - 如果需要终止Activity与Service之间的交互,那么调用
unbindService()
方法解除它们之间的绑定和连接。 - 如果需要终止服务,那么首先看是否有Activity与Service建立了连接,如果有就先调用
unbindService
再去调用stopService()
去停止服务。如果没有,那么直接调用stopService()
方法去停止服务。
Service和Thread的关系
这里再说下Service和Thread的关系,如果不说清楚,可能会弄混。
Service和Thread到底有什么关系呢?什么时候应该用Service,什么时候又应该用Thread?答案可能会有点让你吃惊,因为Service和Thread之间没有任何关系!
之所以有不少人会把它们联系起来,主要就是因为Service的后台概念。Thread我们大家都知道,是用于开启一个子线程,在这里去执行一些耗时操作就不会阻塞主线程的运行。
而Service我们最初理解的时候,总会觉得它是用来处理一些后台任务的,一些比较耗时的操作也可以放在这里运行,这就会让人产生混淆了。但是,如果我告诉你Service其实是运行在主线程里的,你还会觉得它和Thread有什么关系吗?
在MainActivity的onCreate()方法里加入一行打印当前线程id的语句:
<code class="language-java hljs has-numbering" style="display: block; padding: 0px; background-color: transparent; color: inherit; box-sizing: border-box; font-family: 'Source Code Pro', monospace;font-size:undefined; white-space: pre; border-top-left-radius: 0px; border-top-right-radius: 0px; border-bottom-right-radius: 0px; border-bottom-left-radius: 0px; word-wrap: normal; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial;">Log.i(<span class="hljs-string" style="color: rgb(0, 136, 0); box-sizing: border-box;">"MyService"</span>, <span class="hljs-string" style="color: rgb(0, 136, 0); box-sizing: border-box;">"MainActivity thread id is "</span> + Thread.currentThread().getId());</code><ul class="pre-numbering" style="box-sizing: border-box; position: absolute; width: 50px; background-color: rgb(238, 238, 238); top: 0px; left: 0px; margin: 0px; padding: 6px 0px 40px; border-right-width: 1px; border-right-style: solid; border-right-color: rgb(221, 221, 221); list-style: none; text-align: right;"><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">1</li></ul>
然后在MyService的onCreate()方法里也加入一行打印当前线程id的语句:
<code class="language-java hljs has-numbering" style="display: block; padding: 0px; background-color: transparent; color: inherit; box-sizing: border-box; font-family: 'Source Code Pro', monospace;font-size:undefined; white-space: pre; border-top-left-radius: 0px; border-top-right-radius: 0px; border-bottom-right-radius: 0px; border-bottom-left-radius: 0px; word-wrap: normal; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial;">Log.i(<span class="hljs-string" style="color: rgb(0, 136, 0); box-sizing: border-box;">"MyService"</span>, <span class="hljs-string" style="color: rgb(0, 136, 0); box-sizing: border-box;">"MyService thread id is "</span> + Thread.currentThread().getId()); </code><ul class="pre-numbering" style="box-sizing: border-box; position: absolute; width: 50px; background-color: rgb(238, 238, 238); top: 0px; left: 0px; margin: 0px; padding: 6px 0px 40px; border-right-width: 1px; border-right-style: solid; border-right-color: rgb(221, 221, 221); list-style: none; text-align: right;"><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">1</li></ul>
请看测试结果:
可以看到,它们的线程id完全是一样的,由此证实了Service确实是运行在主线程里的,也就是说如果你在Service里编写了非常耗时的代码,程序必定会出现ANR的。
你可能会惊呼,这不是坑爹么!?那我要Service又有何用呢?其实大家不要把后台和子线程联系在一起就行了,这是两个完全不同的概念。
Android的后台就是指,它的运行是完全不依赖UI的。即使Activity被销毁,或者程序被关闭,只要进程还在,Service就可以继续运行。
比如说一些应用程序,始终需要与服务器之间始终保持着心跳连接,就可以使用Service来实现。你可能又会问,前面不是刚刚验证过Service是运行在主线程里的么?在这里一直执行着心跳连接,难道就不会阻塞主线程的运行吗?当然会,但是我们可以在Service中再创建一个子线程,然后在这里去处理耗时逻辑就没问题了。
既然在Service里也要创建一个子线程,那为什么不直接在Activity里创建呢?这是因为Activity很难对Thread进行控制,当Activity被销毁之后,就没有任何其它的办法可以再重新获取到之前创建的子线程的实例。
而且在一个Activity中创建的子线程,另一个Activity无法对其进行操作。但是Service就不同了,所有的Activity都可以与Service进行关联,然后可以很方便地操作其中的方法,即使Activity被销毁了,之后只要重新与Service建立关联,就又能够获取到原有的Service中Binder的实例。
因此,使用Service来处理后台任务,Activity就可以放心地finish,完全不需要担心无法对后台任务进行控制的情况。
一个比较标准的Service就可以写成:
<code class="language-java hljs has-numbering" style="display: block; padding: 0px; background-color: transparent; color: inherit; box-sizing: border-box; font-family: 'Source Code Pro', monospace;font-size:undefined; white-space: pre; border-top-left-radius: 0px; border-top-right-radius: 0px; border-bottom-right-radius: 0px; border-bottom-left-radius: 0px; word-wrap: normal; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial;"><span class="hljs-annotation" style="color: rgb(155, 133, 157); box-sizing: border-box;">@Override</span> <span class="hljs-keyword" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 136); box-sizing: border-box;">public</span> <span class="hljs-keyword" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 136); box-sizing: border-box;">int</span> <span class="hljs-title" style="box-sizing: border-box;">onStartCommand</span>(Intent intent, <span class="hljs-keyword" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 136); box-sizing: border-box;">int</span> flags, <span class="hljs-keyword" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 136); box-sizing: border-box;">int</span> startId) { <span class="hljs-keyword" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 136); box-sizing: border-box;">new</span> Thread(<span class="hljs-keyword" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 136); box-sizing: border-box;">new</span> Runnable() { <span class="hljs-annotation" style="color: rgb(155, 133, 157); box-sizing: border-box;">@Override</span> <span class="hljs-keyword" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 136); box-sizing: border-box;">public</span> <span class="hljs-keyword" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 136); box-sizing: border-box;">void</span> <span class="hljs-title" style="box-sizing: border-box;">run</span>() { <span class="hljs-comment" style="color: rgb(136, 0, 0); box-sizing: border-box;">// 开始执行后台任务 </span> } }).start(); <span class="hljs-keyword" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 136); box-sizing: border-box;">return</span> <span class="hljs-keyword" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 136); box-sizing: border-box;">super</span>.onStartCommand(intent, flags, startId); } class MyBinder extends Binder { <span class="hljs-keyword" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 136); box-sizing: border-box;">public</span> <span class="hljs-keyword" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 136); box-sizing: border-box;">void</span> <span class="hljs-title" style="box-sizing: border-box;">startDownload</span>() { <span class="hljs-keyword" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 136); box-sizing: border-box;">new</span> Thread(<span class="hljs-keyword" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 136); box-sizing: border-box;">new</span> Runnable() { <span class="hljs-annotation" style="color: rgb(155, 133, 157); box-sizing: border-box;">@Override</span> <span class="hljs-keyword" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 136); box-sizing: border-box;">public</span> <span class="hljs-keyword" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 136); box-sizing: border-box;">void</span> <span class="hljs-title" style="box-sizing: border-box;">run</span>() { <span class="hljs-comment" style="color: rgb(136, 0, 0); box-sizing: border-box;">// 执行具体的下载任务 </span> } }).start(); } } </code><ul class="pre-numbering" style="box-sizing: border-box; position: absolute; width: 50px; background-color: rgb(238, 238, 238); top: 0px; left: 0px; margin: 0px; padding: 6px 0px 40px; border-right-width: 1px; border-right-style: solid; border-right-color: rgb(221, 221, 221); list-style: none; text-align: right;"><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">1</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">2</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">3</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">4</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">5</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">6</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">7</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">8</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">9</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">10</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">11</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">12</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">13</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">14</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">15</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">16</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">17</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">18</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">19</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">20</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">21</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">22</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">23</li><li></li></ul>