Spring-transaction（事务管理）

https://www.cnblogs.com/mseddl/p/11577846.html >Spring事务详解

---

事务四个属性（ACID）

1. 原子性（atomicity）
事务是原子性操作，由一系列动作组成，事务的原子性确保动作要么全部完成，要么完全不起作用。

2. 一致性（consistency）
一旦所有事务动作完成，事务就要被提交。数据和资源处于一种满足业务规则的一致性状态中。

3. 隔离性（isolation）
可能多个事务会同时处理相同的数据，因此每个事务都应该与其他事务隔离开来，防止数据损坏。

4. 持久性（durability）
事务一旦完成，无论系统发生什么错误，结果都不会受到影响。通常情况下，事务的结果被写到持
久化存储器中

Spring中的事务管理

编程式事务管理

• 将事务管理代码嵌到业务方法中来控制事务的提交和回滚
• 缺点：必须在每个事务操作业务逻辑中包含额外的事务管理代码

声明式事务管理

• 一般情况下比编程式业务好用。
• 将事务管理代码从业务方法中分离出来，以声明的方式来实现事务管理。
• 将事务管理作为横切关注点，通过aop方法模块化。Spring中通过Spring AOP框架支持声明式事务管理

标准配置

要开启 Spring 的事务处理功能，在 Spring 的配置文件中创建一个 DataSourceTransactionManager 对象：（指向dataSource数据源）

<bean id="transactionManager" class="org.springframework.jdbc.datasource.DataSourceTransactionManager">
	<constructor-arg ref="dataSource" />
</bean>

使用Spring管理事务，注意头文件的约束导入 : tx

xmlns:tx="http://www.springframework.org/schema/tx" 
http://www.springframework.org/schema/tx 
http://www.springframework.org/schema/tx/spring-tx.xsd">

配置xml

配置事务通知是一种固定写法：

    <!--配置事务通知-->
    <tx:advice id="txAdvice" transaction-manager="transactionManager">
        <tx:attributes>
            <!--配置哪些方法使用什么样的事务,配置事务的传播特性-->
            <tx:method name="add*" propagation="REQUIRED"/>
            <tx:method name="delete" propagation="REQUIRED"/>
            <tx:method name="update" propagation="REQUIRED"/>
            <tx:method name="get" read-only="true"/>
            <tx:method name="*" propagation="REQUIRED"/>
        </tx:attributes>
    </tx:advice>
    
    <aop:config>
        <aop:pointcut id="txPointCut" expression="execution(* com.fullstack.mapper.UserMapperImpl.*(..))"/>
        <aop:advisor advice-ref="txAdvice" pointcut-ref="txPointCut"/>
    </aop:config>

mybatis-spring.xml

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<beans xmlns="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans"
       xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
       xmlns:aop="http://www.springframework.org/schema/aop"
       xmlns:tx="http://www.springframework.org/schema/tx"
       xsi:schemaLocation="
        http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans/spring-beans.xsd
        http://www.springframework.org/schema/aop http://www.springframework.org/schema/aop/spring-aop.xsd
        http://www.springframework.org/schema/tx http://www.springframework.org/schema/tx/spring-tx.xsd">

    <!--spring配置数据源：连接数据库 使用的是spring提供的jdbc,来源于pom中spring-jdbc.jar-->
    <bean id="dataSource" class="org.springframework.jdbc.datasource.DriverManagerDataSource">
        <property name="driverClassName" value="com.mysql.cj.jdbc.Driver"/>
        <property name="url"
                  value="jdbc:mysql://localhost:3306/数据库名字?useSSL=false&amp;serverTimezone=UTC&amp;useUnicode=true&amp;characterEncoding=utf8"/>
        <property name="username" value="root"/>
        <property name="password" value="root"/>
    </bean>

    <!-- 创建sqlSessionFactory-->
    <bean id="sqlSessionFactory" class="org.mybatis.spring.SqlSessionFactoryBean">
        <property name="dataSource" ref="dataSource"/>
        
        <!--以下是绑定Mybatis的配置文件-->
        <!-- 设置spring读取实体对象的配置类信息，mapper包下的所有.mapper.xml文件 -->
        <property name="mapperLocations" value="classpath:com/fullstack/mapper/*.xml"/>
        <property name="typeAliasesPackage" value="com.fullstack.pojo"/>
    </bean>

    <!--注册sqlSessionTemplate（就是之前讲的sqlSession) , 关联sqlSessionFactory-->
    <bean id="sqlSession" class="org.mybatis.spring.SqlSessionTemplate">
        <!--利用构造器注入-->
        <constructor-arg index="0" ref="sqlSessionFactory"/>
    </bean>

    <!--要开启 Spring 的事务处理功能，在 Spring 的配置文件中创建一个 DataSourceTransactionManager 对象：-->
    <bean id="transactionManager" class="org.springframework.jdbc.datasource.DataSourceTransactionManager">
        <constructor-arg ref="dataSource" />
    </bean>

    <!--配置事务通知-->
    <tx:advice id="txAdvice" transaction-manager="transactionManager">
        <tx:attributes>
            <!--配置哪些方法使用什么样的事务,配置事务的传播特性-->
            <tx:method name="add*" propagation="REQUIRED"/>
            <tx:method name="delete" propagation="REQUIRED"/>
            <tx:method name="update" propagation="REQUIRED"/>
            <tx:method name="get" read-only="true"/>
            <tx:method name="*" propagation="REQUIRED"/>
        </tx:attributes>
    </tx:advice>

    <aop:config>
        <aop:pointcut id="txPointCut" expression="execution(* com.fullstack.mapper.UserMapperImpl.*(..))"/>
        <aop:advisor advice-ref="txAdvice" pointcut-ref="txPointCut"/>
    </aop:config>
</beans>

ApplicationContext

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<beans xmlns="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans"
       xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
       xmlns:aop="http://www.springframework.org/schema/aop"
       xmlns:tx="http://www.springframework.org/schema/tx"
       xsi:schemaLocation="
        http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans/spring-beans.xsd
        http://www.springframework.org/schema/aop http://www.springframework.org/schema/aop/spring-aop.xsd
        http://www.springframework.org/schema/tx http://www.springframework.org/schema/tx/spring-tx.xsd">

    <import resource="mybatis-spring.xml"/>

    <bean id="userMapper" class="com.fullstack.mapper.UserMapperImpl">
        <property name="sqlSession" ref="sqlSession"/>
    </bean>
</beans>

创建User类

public class User {
    private int id;
    private String name;
    private int age;

    public User(int id, String name, int age) {
        this.id = id;
        this.name = name;
        this.age = age;
    }

    public int getId() {
        return id;
    }

    public void setId(int id) {
        this.id = id;
    }

    public String getName() {
        return name;
    }

    public void setName(String name) {
        this.name = name;
    }

    public int getAge() {
        return age;
    }

    public void setAge(int age) {
        this.age = age;
    }

    @Override
    public String toString() {
        return "User{" +
                "id=" + id +
                ", name='" + name + '\'' +
                ", age=" + age +
                '}';
    }
}

创建接口和实现类

public interface UserMapper {
    public List<User> getUserList();

    public User getUserInfo(int id );

    int addUser(User user);

    int deleteUser(int id);
}

public class UserMapperImpl implements UserMapper{

    private SqlSessionTemplate sqlSession;

    // 纯mybatis写法： SqlSessionFactoryBuilder -> SqlSessionFactory -> SqlSession
    // mybatis-spring写法： SqlSessionFactoryBean -> SqlSessionFactory -> SqlSessionTemplate(等于SqlSession)
    // SqlSessionTemplate中提供了在数据库执行 SQL 命令所需的所有方法

    public void setSqlSession (SqlSessionTemplate sqlSession) {
        this.sqlSession = sqlSession;
    }

    public List<User> getUserList() {
        UserMapper userMapper = sqlSession.getMapper(UserMapper.class);
        User user = new User(5, "A",21);
        userMapper.addUser(user);
        userMapper.deleteUser(5);
        return userMapper.getUserList();
    }

    public User getUserInfo(int id) {
        return sqlSession.getMapper(UserMapper.class).getUserInfo(id);
    }

    public int addUser(User user) {
        return sqlSession.getMapper(UserMapper.class).addUser(user);
    }

    public int deleteUser(int id) {
        return sqlSession.getMapper(UserMapper.class).deleteUser(id);
    }
}

UserMapper.xml

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8" ?>
<!DOCTYPE mapper
        PUBLIC "-//mybatis.org//DTD Mapper 3.0//EN"
        "http://mybatis.org/dtd/mybatis-3-mapper.dtd">

<mapper namespace="com.fullstack.mapper.UserMapper">

    <resultMap type="User" id="userResultMap">
        <id property="id" column="id" />
        <result property="name" column="name" />
        <result property="age" column="age" />
    </resultMap>

    <select id="getUserList" resultMap="userResultMap">
        select * from user ;
    </select>

    <select id="getUserInfo" resultType="User">
        select * from user where id = #{id} ;
    </select>

    <insert id="addUser" parameterType="User">
        insert into user (id,name,age) values (#{id},#{name},#{age})
    </insert>

    <delete id="deleteUser" parameterType="int">
        delete from user where id = #{id}
    </delete>

</mapper>

测试

public class Test11 {
    @Test
    public void Test(){
        ApplicationContext context = new ClassPathXmlApplicationContext("ApplicationContext.xml");
        UserMapper mapper = context.getBean("userMapper",UserMapper.class);
        List<User> userList = mapper.getUserList();
        for (User u : userList){
            System.out.println(u.toString());
        }
    }
}

结果

java.lang.NoClassDefFoundError: org/springframework/core/NativeDetector

	at org.springframework.context.support.AbstractApplicationContext.prepareBeanFactory(AbstractApplicationContext.java:708)
	at org.springframework.context.support.AbstractApplicationContext.refresh(AbstractApplicationContext.java:555)
	at org.springframework.context.support.ClassPathXmlApplicationContext.<init>(ClassPathXmlApplicationContext.java:144)
	at org.springframework.context.support.ClassPathXmlApplicationContext.<init>(ClassPathXmlApplicationContext.java:85)
	at Test11.Test(Test11.java:12)
	at sun.reflect.NativeMethodAccessorImpl.invoke0(Native Method)
	at sun.reflect.NativeMethodAccessorImpl.invoke(NativeMethodAccessorImpl.java:62)
	at sun.reflect.DelegatingMethodAccessorImpl.invoke(DelegatingMethodAccessorImpl.java:43)
	at java.lang.reflect.Method.invoke(Method.java:498)
	at org.junit.runners.model.FrameworkMethod$1.runReflectiveCall(FrameworkMethod.java:59)
	at org.junit.internal.runners.model.ReflectiveCallable.run(ReflectiveCallable.java:12)
	at org.junit.runners.model.FrameworkMethod.invokeExplosively(FrameworkMethod.java:56)
	at org.junit.internal.runners.statements.InvokeMethod.evaluate(InvokeMethod.java:17)
	at org.junit.runners.ParentRunner$3.evaluate(ParentRunner.java:306)
	at org.junit.runners.BlockJUnit4ClassRunner$1.evaluate(BlockJUnit4ClassRunner.java:100)
	at org.junit.runners.ParentRunner.runLeaf(ParentRunner.java:366)
	at org.junit.runners.BlockJUnit4ClassRunner.runChild(BlockJUnit4ClassRunner.java:103)
	at org.junit.runners.BlockJUnit4ClassRunner.runChild(BlockJUnit4ClassRunner.java:63)
	at org.junit.runners.ParentRunner$4.run(ParentRunner.java:331)
	at org.junit.runners.ParentRunner$1.schedule(ParentRunner.java:79)
	at org.junit.runners.ParentRunner.runChildren(ParentRunner.java:329)
	at org.junit.runners.ParentRunner.access$100(ParentRunner.java:66)
	at org.junit.runners.ParentRunner$2.evaluate(ParentRunner.java:293)
	at org.junit.runners.ParentRunner$3.evaluate(ParentRunner.java:306)
	at org.junit.runners.ParentRunner.run(ParentRunner.java:413)
	at org.junit.runner.JUnitCore.run(JUnitCore.java:137)
	at com.intellij.junit4.JUnit4IdeaTestRunner.startRunnerWithArgs(JUnit4IdeaTestRunner.java:68)
	at com.intellij.rt.execution.junit.IdeaTestRunner$Repeater.startRunnerWithArgs(IdeaTestRunner.java:47)
	at com.intellij.rt.execution.junit.JUnitStarter.prepareStreamsAndStart(JUnitStarter.java:242)
	at com.intellij.rt.execution.junit.JUnitStarter.main(JUnitStarter.java:70)
Caused by: java.lang.ClassNotFoundException: org.springframework.core.NativeDetector
	at java.net.URLClassLoader.findClass(URLClassLoader.java:381)
	at java.lang.ClassLoader.loadClass(ClassLoader.java:424)
	at sun.misc.Launcher$AppClassLoader.loadClass(Launcher.java:335)
	at java.lang.ClassLoader.loadClass(ClassLoader.java:357)
	... 30 more

报错

又是配置的问题，每次都是这里出问题，可以看到spring-beans和spring-core是灰色的。

在pom里加上下面这两段

        <!-- https://mvnrepository.com/artifact/org.springframework/spring-core -->
        <dependency>
            <groupId>org.springframework</groupId>
            <artifactId>spring-core</artifactId>
            <version>5.3.4</version>
        </dependency>

        <!-- https://mvnrepository.com/artifact/org.springframework/spring-beans -->
        <dependency>
            <groupId>org.springframework</groupId>
            <artifactId>spring-beans</artifactId>
            <version>5.3.4</version>
        </dependency>

再次测试

User{id=1, name='qwe', age=21}
User{id=2, name='asd', age=22}
User{id=3, name='zxc', age=23}

成功打印，因为添加的程序是增加然后删除，所以打印台上不会显示多出来的内容，意味着运行成功。

为什么需要配置事务

• 如果不配置事务，就需要手动提交控制事务
• 事务在项目开发过程非常重要，涉及到数据一致性的问题，不容马虎。