Springboot+mybatis的动态sql案例

在报表类应用中，通常需要根据不同的维度去组合复杂的查询条件，然后构造SQL去执行查询。如果只是通过在程序中简单地拼接SQL语句，工作量会非常大，而且代码可能也非常难以维护。Mybatis支持动态SQL查询功能，可以通过配置动态的SQL来简化程序代码中复杂性，不过，这个颇有点XML编程的韵味，通过XML来处理复杂的数据判断、循环的功能，其实也很好理解。

准备工作

下面，我们首先创建一个MySQL示例表，如下所示：

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CREATE TABLE `traffic_info` (   `id` int(11) NOT NULL AUTO_INCREMENT,   `domain` varchar(64) NOT NULL,   `traffic_host` varchar(64) NOT NULL,   `month` varchar(8) NOT NULL,   `monthly_traffic` int(11) DEFAULT '0',   `global_traffic_rank` int(11) DEFAULT '0',   `native_traffic_rank` int(11) DEFAULT '0',   `rank_in_country` varchar(64) DEFAULT NULL,   `address` varchar(200) DEFAULT NULL,   `email` varchar(50) DEFAULT NULL,   `traffic_type` int(2) DEFAULT '-1',   `status` int(2) DEFAULT '0',   `created_at` date DEFAULT NULL,   `updated_at` timestamp NOT NULL DEFAULT CURRENT_TIMESTAMP ON UPDATE CURRENT_TIMESTAMP,   `f1` varchar(255) DEFAULT NULL,   `f2` varchar(255) DEFAULT NULL,   `f3` varchar(255) DEFAULT NULL,   PRIMARY KEY (`id`),   UNIQUE KEY `idx_traffic` (`domain`,`month`,`traffic_type`) ) ENGINE=MyISAM AUTO_INCREMENT=1 DEFAULT CHARSET=utf8;

这个表用来存储域名的流量信息，流量信息我们从互联网上像Alexa、Compete、Quantcast等提供商获取，通过Crawler抓取的方式实现。我们先从简单的查询做起，只是根据某个字段进行查询，说明如何配置使用Mybatis，这里面也包含如何与Spring进行集成。

配置实践

下面是用到的一些资源的定义：

• org.shirdrn.mybatis.TrafficInfo类

该类对应于traffic_info表中一条记录的数据，我们简单取几个字段，如下所示：

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package org.shirdrn.mybatis; import java.io.Serializable; public class TrafficInfo implements Serializable {            private static final long serialVersionUID = -8696613205078899594L;      int id;      String domain;      String month;      int monthlyTraffic;            public int getId() {           return id;      }      public void setId(int id) {           this.id = id;      }      public String getDomain() {           return domain;      }      public void setDomain(String domain) {           this.domain = domain;      }      public String getMonth() {           return month;      }      public void setMonth(String month) {           this.month = month;      }      public int getMonthlyTraffic() {           return monthlyTraffic;      }      public void setMonthlyTraffic(int monthlyTraffic) {           this.monthlyTraffic = monthlyTraffic;      }            @Override      public String toString() {           return "[id=" + id + ", domain=" + domain + ", month=" +                     month + ", monthlyTraffic=" + monthlyTraffic + "]";      }       }

• org.shirdrn.mybatis.mapper.TrafficInfoMapper接口类

该类定义了一个与SQL配置进行映射的基本操作，实际的SQL配置有专门的XML文件来进行配置。该接口定义了如下操作：

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package org.shirdrn.mybatis.mapper; import java.util.List; import java.util.Map; import org.shirdrn.mybatis.TrafficInfo; public interface TrafficInfoMapper {      /**      * 根据指定id去查询记录，结果至多只有一条      * @param id      * @return      */      TrafficInfo getTrafficInfo(int id);            /**      * 根据指定的domain参数查询记录，返回一个记录的列表      * @param domain      * @return      */      List<TrafficInfo> getTrafficInfoList(String domain);            /**      * 根据一个 字段domain进行查询，但是存在多个domain的值，传入一个数组      * @param domains      * @return      */      List<TrafficInfo> getMultiConditionsList(String[] domains);            /**      * 根据多个字段进行查询，每个字段可能有多个值，所以参数是Map类型      * @param conditions      * @return      */      List<TrafficInfo> getMapConditionsList(Map<String, Object> conditions); }

上面接口中定义的操作，一个比一个复杂，我们通过这一系列操作来说明在Mybatis中如果使用各种查询功能。

• org/shirdrn/mybatis/mapper/TrafficInfoMapper.xml映射配置文件

这个文件TrafficInfoMapper.xml对应了上面的org.shirdrn.mybatis.mapper.TrafficInfoMapper中定义的操作，通过XML的方式将对应的SQL查询构造出来，这个是Mybatis的核心功能。该文件的内容示例如下所示：

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<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8" ?> <!DOCTYPE mapper PUBLIC "-//mybatis.org//DTD Mapper 3.0//EN" "http://mybatis.org/dtd/mybatis-3-mapper.dtd"> <mapper namespace="org.shirdrn.mybatis.mapper.TrafficInfoMapper">      <resultMap type="TrafficInfo" id="tfMap">           <id property="id" column="id" />           <result property="domain" column="domain" />           <result property="month" column="month" />           <result property="monthlyTraffic" column="monthlyTraffic" />      </resultMap>            <select id="getTrafficInfo" resultType="TrafficInfo" parameterType="int">           SELECT * FROM domain_db.traffic_info WHERE id = #{id}      </select>            <select id="getTrafficInfoList" resultType="TrafficInfo" parameterType="string">           SELECT * FROM domain_db.traffic_info WHERE domain = #{domain}      </select>            <select id="getMultiConditionsList" resultMap="tfMap">           SELECT * FROM domain_db.traffic_info WHERE domain IN           <foreach collection="array" index="index" item="domain" open=" (" separator="," close=")">              #{domain}          </foreach>      </select>            <select id="getMapConditionsList" resultMap="tfMap">           SELECT * FROM domain_db.traffic_info WHERE domain IN           <foreach collection="domains" index="index" item="domain" open=" (" separator="," close=")">              #{domain}          </foreach>          AND status = 0 AND month IN          <foreach collection="months" index="index" item="month" open=" (" separator="," close=")">              #{month}          </foreach>      </select> </mapper>

如果你之前用过ibatis，应该很熟悉上面这个配置文件。上面：
namespace指定该SQL映射配置文件的Mapper接口类，其中定义了基本的SQL查询操作（以我们给出的例子为例）；
resultMap中的type的值这里是一个别名，当然也可以使用对应的具体类全名（包名+类名），我们会在Mybatis的总的映射配置文件中进行配置，详见后面说明；
select是查询SQL的配置，可以通过不同的元素进行动态构造，如if、foreach等；

• Mybatis全局映射配置文件sqlMapConfig.xml

该文件可以指定数据库连接池配置、别名配置、SQL映射配置文件组等内容，这里示例的配置内容如下所示：

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<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8" ?> <!DOCTYPE configuration PUBLIC "-//mybatis.org//DTD Config 3.0//EN" "http://mybatis.org/dtd/mybatis-3-config.dtd"> <configuration>      <typeAliases>           <typeAlias type="org.shirdrn.mybatis.TrafficInfo" alias="TrafficInfo" />      </typeAliases>      <mappers>           <mapper resource="org/shirdrn/mybatis/mapper/TrafficInfoMapper.xml" />      </mappers> </configuration>

• Spring配置文件applicationContext.xml

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<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?> <beans xmlns="Index of /schema/beans"      xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xmlns:context="Index of /schema/context"      xmlns:aop="Index of /schema/aop" xmlns:tx="Index of /schema/tx"      xsi:schemaLocation="Index of /schema/beans http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans/spring-beans-3.0.xsd Index of /schema/context http://www.springframework.org/schema/context/spring-context-3.0.xsd Index of /schema/aop http://www.springframework.org/schema/aop/spring-aop-3.0.xsd Index of /schema/tx http://www.springframework.org/schema/tx/spring-tx-3.0.xsd">      <bean           class="org.springframework.beans.factory.config.PropertyPlaceholderConfigurer">           <property name="systemPropertiesModeName" value="SYSTEM_PROPERTIES_MODE_OVERRIDE" />           <property name="ignoreResourceNotFound" value="true" />           <property name="locations">                <list>                     <value>classpath*:/proxool.properties</value>                </list>           </property>      </bean>      <context:component-scan base-package="org.shirdrn.mybatis" />      <aop:aspectj-autoproxy proxy-target-class="true" />      <aop:config proxy-target-class="true" />      <bean id="dataSource" class="org.shirdrn.mybatis.utils.ProxoolDataSource">           <property name="driver" value="${jdbc-0.proxool.driver-class}" />           <property name="driverUrl" value="${jdbc-0.proxool.driver-url}" />           <property name="user" value="${jdbc-0.user}" />           <property name="password" value="${jdbc-0.password}" />           <property name="alias" value="${jdbc-0.proxool.alias}" />           <property name="prototypeCount" value="${jdbc-0.proxool.prototype-count}" />           <property name="maximumActiveTime" value="${jdbc-0.proxool.maximum-active-time}" />           <property name="maximumConnectionCount" value="${jdbc-0.proxool.maximum-connection-count}" />           <property name="minimumConnectionCount" value="${jdbc-0.proxool.minimum-connection-count}" />           <property name="simultaneousBuildThrottle"                value="${jdbc-0.proxool.simultaneous-build-throttle}" />           <property name="verbose" value="${jdbc-0.proxool.verbose}" />           <property name="trace" value="${jdbc-0.proxool.trace}" />           <property name="houseKeepingTestSql" value="${jdbc-0.proxool.house-keeping-test-sql}" />           <property name="houseKeepingSleepTime" value="${jdbc-0.proxool.house-keeping-sleep-time}" />           <property name="maximumConnectionLifetime"                value="${jdbc-0.proxool.maximum-connection-lifetime}" />      </bean>      <bean id="dataSource0" class="org.jdbcdslog.ConnectionPoolDataSourceProxy">           <property name="targetDSDirect" ref="dataSource" />      </bean>      <!-- mybatis-spring – -->      <!-- mybatis-spring – -->      <bean id="sqlSessionFactory" class="org.mybatis.spring.SqlSessionFactoryBean">           <property name="dataSource" ref="dataSource0" />           <property name="configLocation" value="classpath:sqlMapConfig.xml"/>      </bean>      <bean id="trafficInfoMapper" class="org.mybatis.spring.mapper.MapperFactoryBean">           <property name="mapperInterface" value="org.shirdrn.mybatis.mapper.TrafficInfoMapper" />           <property name="sqlSessionFactory" ref="sqlSessionFactory" />      </bean>      <bean id="trafficInfoService" class="org.shirdrn.mybatis.TrafficInfoService">           <property name="trafficInfoMapper" ref="trafficInfoMapper" />      </bean> </beans>

简单说明一下：
dataSource使用的Proxool连接池组件；
sqlSessionFactory是Mybatis的SessionFactory，注入了前面获取到的dataSource，同时指定了Mybatis的总的映射配置文件classpath:sqlMapConfig.xml，属性名为configLocation；
trafficInfoMapper直接由Spring的org.mybatis.spring.mapper.MapperFactoryBean进行代理，需要注入属性mapperInterface（即我们定义的SQL Mapper操作的接口类）和sqlSessionFactory（前面的SessionFactory实例）；
trafficInfoService是我们最终在其中进行调用的服务类，注入了我们定义的SQL Mapper接口类的实例trafficInfoMapper。

• org.shirdrn.mybatis.TrafficInfoService服务类

为简单起见，我们就不定义服务接口了，直接在该类中实现，调用SQL Mapper中预定义的SQL查询操作，实现代码如下所示：

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package org.shirdrn.mybatis; import java.util.List; import java.util.Map; import org.shirdrn.mybatis.mapper.TrafficInfoMapper; public class TrafficInfoService {      private TrafficInfoMapper trafficInfoMapper;            public void setTrafficInfoMapper(TrafficInfoMapper trafficInfoMapper) {           this.trafficInfoMapper = trafficInfoMapper;      }      public TrafficInfo getTrafficInfo(int id) {           return trafficInfoMapper.getTrafficInfo(id);      }            public List<TrafficInfo> getTrafficInfoList(String domain) {           return trafficInfoMapper.getTrafficInfoList(domain);      }            public List<TrafficInfo> getMultiConditionsList(String[] domains) {           return trafficInfoMapper.getMultiConditionsList(domains);      }            List<TrafficInfo> getMapConditionsList(Map<String, Object> conditions) {           return trafficInfoMapper.getMapConditionsList(conditions);      } }

按照上面的配置，我们就能够实现从单个字段的查询，到多个字段的组合复杂查询。可以通过与实际编写代码来控制这些逻辑相比较，使用Mybatis可能配置上相对复杂一些，但是或得到的好处是非常多的，如代码可维护性好，看起来配置比较直观，出错的几率会大大减小。实际上，如果熟练的这种配置方式，就会在实际开发过程中，更好地去处理更加复杂的统计查询条件的组合逻辑。

测试用例

测试用例可以检测我们上面的配置是否生效，实现代码：

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package org.shirdrn.mybatis; import java.util.Arrays; import java.util.HashMap; import java.util.List; import java.util.Map; import org.junit.Test; import org.junit.runner.RunWith; import org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.Autowired; import org.springframework.test.context.ContextConfiguration; import org.springframework.test.context.junit4.SpringJUnit4ClassRunner; @RunWith(SpringJUnit4ClassRunner.class) @ContextConfiguration(locations = { "classpath:/applicationContext*.xml" }) public class TestTrafficInfoService {      @Autowired      private TrafficInfoService trafficInfoService;      @Test      public void getTraffic() {           int id = 1196;           TrafficInfo result = trafficInfoService.getTrafficInfo(id);           System.out.println(result);      }            @Test      public void getTrafficList() {           String domain = "make-the-cut.com";           List<TrafficInfo> results = trafficInfoService.getTrafficInfoList(domain);           System.out.println(results);      }            @Test      public void getMultiConditionsList() {           String[] domains = new String[] {                     "make.tv", " make-the-cut.com", "makgrills.com", "makino.com"           };           List<TrafficInfo> results = trafficInfoService.getMultiConditionsList(domains);           System.out.println(results);      }            @Test      public void getMapConditionsList() {           String[] domains = new String[] {                     "make.tv", " make-the-cut.com", "makgrills.com", "makino.com"           };           List<String> months = Arrays.asList(new String[] {                     "201203", "201204", "201205"           });           Map<String, Object> conditions = new HashMap<String, Object>(2);           conditions.put("domains", domains);           conditions.put("months", months);           List<TrafficInfo> results = trafficInfoService.getMapConditionsList(conditions);           System.out.println(results);      } }

查询进阶

这里，给出一个实际的例子，是对每日报表的一个统计实例，为简单起见，只拿出2张表做LEFT JOIN连接。这个需求，要求查询时可以对每个维度取过得查询条件值，如对于维度osName，值可以使包含Android、IOS，对于另一个维度statDate，可以取最近2天（昨天和前天），等等，并且，这些组合条件可有可无。
对应的Mybatis映射配置文件，内容如下所示：

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<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8" ?> <!DOCTYPE mapper PUBLIC "-//mybatis.org//DTD Mapper 3.0//EN" "http://mybatis.org/dtd/mybatis-3-mapper.dtd"> <mapper namespace="org.shirdrn.data.mappers.DailyAppUserMapper">      <resultMap id="dailyAppUserMap" type="DailyAppUser">           <id property="id" column="id" />           <result property="primaryCategoryId" column="primary_category_id" />           <result property="primaryCategoryName" column="primary_category_name" />           <result property="secondaryCategoryId" column="secondary_category_id" />           <result property="secondaryCategoryName" column="secondary_category_name" />           <result property="cooperationMode" column="cooperation_mode" />           <result property="merchantId" column="merchant_id" />           <result property="merchantName" column="merchant_name" />           <result property="osName" column="osName" />           <result property="channelId" column="channel_id" />           <result property="channelName" column="channel_name" />           <result property="version" column="version" />           <result property="statDate" column="stat_date" />           <result property="newUserOpen" column="new_user_open" />           <result property="activeUserOpen" column="active_user_open" />           <result property="activeUserPlay" column="active_user_play" />           <result property="oldUserOpen" column="old_user_open" />           <result property="oldUserPlay" column="old_user_play" />           <result property="averageTime" column="average_time" />           <result property="newUserAverageTime" column="new_user_average_time" />           <result property="oldUserAverageTime" column="old_user_average_time" />           <result property="newUserOpen2Retention" column="new_user_open_2retention" />           <result property="newUserOpen3Retention" column="new_user_open_3retention" />           <result property="newUserOpen7Retention" column="new_user_open_7retention" />           <result property="newUserOpen15Retention" column="new_user_open_15retention" />           <result property="newUserOpen30Retention" column="new_user_open_30retention" />      </resultMap>      <select id="getDailyAppUserListByPage" resultMap="dailyAppUserMap">           <include refid="getDailyAppUserList"/>           LIMIT #{offset}, #{limit}      </select>             <select id="getDailyAppUserListForReport" resultMap="dailyAppUserMap">           <include refid="getDailyAppUserList"/>      </select>             <sql id="getDailyAppUserList" >           SELECT                d.id AS id,                d.primary_category_id AS primary_category_id,                d.primary_category_name AS primary_category_name,                d.secondary_category_id AS secondary_category_id,                d.secondary_category_name AS secondary_category_name,                d.cooperation_mode AS cooperation_mode,                d.merchant_id AS merchant_id,                d.osName AS osName,                d.channel_id AS channel_id,                (CASE WHEN d.channel_name IS NOT NULL THEN d.channel_name ELSE d.channel_id END) AS channel_name,                d.version AS version,                d.stat_date AS stat_date,                d.new_user_open AS new_user_open,                d.new_user_play AS new_user_play,                d.active_user_open AS active_user_open,                d.active_user_play AS active_user_play,                d.old_user_open AS old_user_open,                d.old_user_play AS old_user_play,                d.average_time AS average_time,                d.new_user_average_time AS new_user_average_time,                d.old_user_average_time AS old_user_average_time,                d.new_user_open_2retention AS new_user_open_2retention,                d.new_user_open_3retention AS new_user_open_3retention,                d.new_user_open_7retention AS new_user_open_7retention,                d.new_user_open_15retention AS new_user_open_15retention,                d.new_user_open_30retention AS new_user_open_30retention,                d.uninstall_cnt AS uninstall_cnt,                m.merchant_name AS merchant_name           FROM daily_app_user d           LEFT JOIN merchant m ON d.merchant_id=m.id           WHERE d.stat_date = #{statDate}           <if test="osNames!=null">                AND d.osName IN                <foreach collection="osNames" index="index" item="osName" open=" (" separator="," close=")">                     #{osName}                </foreach>           </if>           <if test="channelNames!=null">                AND                <foreach collection="channelNames" index="index" item="channelName" open=" (" separator=" OR " close=")">                     (d.channel_name LIKE CONCAT('%', CONCAT(#{channelName}, '%')))                </foreach>           </if>           <if test="versions!=null">                AND d.version IN                <foreach collection="versions" index="index" item="version" open=" (" separator="," close=")">                     #{version}                </foreach>           </if>           <if test="merchantNames!=null">                AND                <foreach collection="merchantNames" index="index" item="merchantName" open=" (" separator=" OR " close=")">                     (m.merchant_name LIKE CONCAT('%', CONCAT(#{%merchantName%}, '%')))                </foreach>           </if>           <if test="primaryCategories!=null">                AND d.primary_category_id IN                <foreach collection="primaryCategories" index="index" item="primaryCategory" open=" (" separator="," close=")">                     #{primaryCategory}                </foreach>           </if>           <if test="secondaryCategories!=null">                AND d.secondary_category_id IN                <foreach collection="secondaryCategories" index="index" item="secondaryCategory" open=" (" separator="," close=")">                     #{secondaryCategory}                </foreach>           </if>           <if test="cooperationModes!=null">                AND d.cooperation_model IN                <foreach collection="cooperationModes" index="index" item="cooperationMode" open=" (" separator="," close=")">                     #{cooperationMode}                </foreach>           </if>      </sql>        </mapper>

上述映射配置对应的Mapper定义，接口如下所示：

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package org.shirdrn.data.mappers; import java.util.List; import java.util.Map; import org.shirdrn.data.beans.DailyAppUser; public class DailyAppUserMapper {      List<DailyAppUser> getDailyAppUserListByPage(Map<String, Object> conditions);      List<DailyAppUser> getDailyAppUserListForReport(Map<String, Object> conditions); }

需要说明的是，如果多个表，一定要设置好Mapper映射配置中每个select元素的resultMap属性，属性值就是前部分的resultMap定义的id。如果只从单个表查询数据，完全可以使用resultType，对应resultMap元素中配置的type属性所指定的别名。
实际上，我们需要通过Map来传递参数，也就是把查询的条件值都收集起来，然后放到Map中，示例如下：

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Map<String, Object> conditions = new HashMap<String, Object>(); if(osNames != null) {      conditions.put(DailyAppUserMapper.KEY_OS_NAMES, osNames); } if(channelNames != null) {      conditions.put(DailyAppUserMapper.KEY_CHANNEL_NAMES, channelNames); } if(versions != null) {      conditions.put(DailyAppUserMapper.KEY_VERSIONS, versions); } if(merchantNames != null) {      conditions.put(DailyAppUserMapper.KEY_MERCHANT_NAMES, merchantNames); } if(primaryCategories != null) {      conditions.put(DailyAppUserMapper.KEY_PRIMARY_CATEGORIES, primaryCategories); } if(secondaryCategories != null) {      conditions.put(DailyAppUserMapper.KEY_SECONDARY_CATEGORIES, secondaryCategories); } if(cooperationModes != null) {      conditions.put(ChannelDayMapper.KEY_COOPERATION_MODES, cooperationModes); }

上面对应的DailyAppUserMapper中定义的一些Key常量名称，要和Mapper配置文件中foreach元素的collection属性值一致。