1.简单工厂模式

原理

这种类型的设计模式属于创建型模式，它提供了一种创建对象的最佳方式。
在工厂模式中，我们在创建对象时不会对客户端暴露创建逻辑，并且是通过使用一个共同的接口来指向新创建的对象。

意图

定义一个创建对象的接口，让其子类自己决定实例化哪一个工厂类，工厂模式使其创建过程延迟到子类进行。

主要解决

主要解决接口选择的问题。

代码

Program.cs

using System;
using System.Collections.Generic;
using System.Linq;
using System.Text;
using System.Threading.Tasks;

namespace 简单工厂模式
{
    class Program
    {
        static void Main(string[] args)
        {
            Operation oper;
            oper = OperationFactory.createOperate("+");
            oper.NumberA = 1;
            oper.NumberB = 2;
            double result = oper.GetResult();
            Console.Write("result: " + result);
            Console.ReadKey();
        }
    }
}

Operation.cs

using System;
using System.Collections.Generic;
using System.Linq;
using System.Text;
using System.Threading.Tasks;

namespace 简单工厂模式
{
    //简单工厂类
    class OperationFactory
    {
        public static Operation createOperate(string operate)
        {
            Operation oper = null;
            switch (operate)
            {
                case "+":   oper = new OperationAdd();
                    break;
                case "-":   oper = new OperationSub();
                    break;
                case "*":   oper = new OperationMul();
                    break;
                case "/":   oper = new OperationDiv();
                    break;
            }
            return oper;
        }
    }

    //运算类
    class Operation
    {
        private double _numberA = 0;
        private double _numberB = 0;

        public double NumberA {
            get { return _numberA; }
            set { _numberA = value; }
        }
        public double NumberB
        {
            get { return _numberB; }
            set { _numberB = value; }
        }
        public virtual double GetResult()
        {
            double result = 0;
            return result;
        }
    }
    //加法类
    class OperationAdd : Operation
    {
        public override double GetResult()
        {
            double result = 0;
            result = NumberA + NumberB;
            return result;
        }
    }
    //减法类
    class OperationSub : Operation
    {
        public override double GetResult()
        {
            double result = 0;
            result = NumberA - NumberB;
            return result;
        }
    }
    //乘法类
    class OperationMul : Operation
    {
        public override double GetResult()
        {
            double result = 0;
            result = NumberA * NumberB;
            return result;
        }
    }
    //除法类
    class OperationDiv : Operation
    {
        public override double GetResult()
        {
            double result = 0;
            if (NumberB == 0) {
                throw new Exception("除数不能为0."); 
            }
            result = NumberA / NumberB;
            return result;
        }
    }

}

参考

参考书籍：《大话设计模式》
参考链接： 菜鸟教程.