Centos7 下安装 Docker 详细过程

1、安装虚拟机centos7,root 登录查看内核信息：

[root@localhost ~]#  uname -r

Linux localhost 3.10.0-327.el7.x86_64 #1 SMP Thu Nov 19 22:10:57 UTC 2015 x86_64 x86_64 x86_64 GNU/Linux

docker官方说至少3.8以上，建议3.10以上（ubuntu下要linux内核3.8以上）。

2、使用 root 权限登录 Centos, yum 包更新到最新。

[root@localhost ~]# yum update


Loaded plugins: fastestmirror
Loading mirror speeds from cached hostfile
 * base: mirrors.neusoft.edu.cn
 * extras: mirrors.neusoft.edu.cn
 * updates: mirror.bit.edu.cn
Resolving Dependencies
--> Running transaction check
---> Package NetworkManager.x86_64 1:1.0.6-27.el7 will be obsoleted
---> Package NetworkManager.x86_64 1:1.12.0-10.el7_6 will be obsoleting
---> Package NetworkManager-libnm.x86_64 1:1.0.6-27.el7 will be updated
---> Package NetworkManager-libnm.x86_64 1:1.12.0-10.el7_6 will be an update
---> Package NetworkManager-ppp.x86_64 1:1.12.0-10.el7_6 will be obsoleting
---> Package NetworkManager-team.x86_64 1:1.0.6-27.el7 will be updated
---> Package NetworkManager-team.x86_64 1:1.12.0-10.el7_6 will be an update
---> Package NetworkManager-tui.x86_64 1:1.0.6-27.el7 will be updated
---> Package NetworkManager-tui.x86_64 1:1.12.0-10.el7_6 will be an update
---> Package acl.x86_64 0:2.2.51-12.el7 will be updated
........


Replaced:
  NetworkManager.x86_64 1:1.0.6-27.el7              grub2.x86_64 1:2.02-0.29.el7.centos             grub2-tools.x86_64 1:2.02-0.29.el7.centos
  pygobject3-base.x86_64 0:3.14.0-3.el7             rdma.noarch 0:7.2_4.1_rc6-1.el7

Complete!

3、卸载旧版本(如果安装过旧版本的话)

[root@localhost ~]# sudo yum remove docker  docker-common docker-selinux docker-engine

4、安装需要的软件包， yum-util 提供yum-config-manager功能，另外两个是devicemapper驱动依赖的

[root@localhost ~]# yum install -y yum-utils device-mapper-persistent-data lvm2


Loaded plugins: fastestmirror
Loading mirror speeds from cached hostfile
 * base: mirrors.neusoft.edu.cn
 * extras: mirrors.neusoft.edu.cn
 * updates: mirror.bit.edu.cn
Package device-mapper-persistent-data-0.7.3-3.el7.x86_64 already installed and latest version
Package 7:lvm2-2.02.180-10.el7_6.8.x86_64 already installed and latest version
Resolving Dependencies
--> Running transaction check
---> Package yum-utils.noarch 0:1.1.31-50.el7 will be installed
--> Processing Dependency: python-kitchen for package: yum-utils-1.1.31-50.el7.noarch
--> Processing Dependency: libxml2-python for package: yum-utils-1.1.31-50.el7.noarch
--> Running transaction check
---> Package libxml2-python.x86_64 0:2.9.1-6.el7_2.3 will be installed
---> Package python-kitchen.noarch 0:1.1.1-5.el7 will be installed
--> Processing Dependency: python-chardet for package: python-kitchen-1.1.1-5.el7.noarch
--> Running transaction check
---> Package python-chardet.noarch 0:2.2.1-1.el7_1 will be installed
--> Finished Dependency Resolution
......
Installed:
  yum-utils.noarch 0:1.1.31-50.el7

Dependency Installed:
  libxml2-python.x86_64 0:2.9.1-6.el7_2.3                                 python-chardet.noarch 0:2.2.1-1.el7_1                                 python-kitchen.noarch 0:1.1.1-5.el7

Complete!

5、设置yum源

[root@localhost ~]# yum-config-manager --add-repo  http://mirrors.aliyun.com/docker-ce/linux/centos/docker-ce.repo


Loaded plugins: fastestmirror
adding repo from: http://mirrors.aliyun.com/docker-ce/linux/centos/docker-ce.repo
grabbing file http://mirrors.aliyun.com/docker-ce/linux/centos/docker-ce.repo to /etc/yum.repos.d/docker-ce.repo
repo saved to /etc/yum.repos.d/docker-ce.repo

上面设置的阿里云的，国内能稍微快点。也可采用官方的地址：

https://download.docker.com/linux/centos/docker-ce.repo

6，查看所有仓库中所有docker版本，并选择特定版本安装。

[root@localhost ~]# yum list docker-ce --showduplicates | sort -r



- updates: mirror.bit.edu.cn
  Loading mirror speeds from cached hostfile
  Loaded plugins: fastestmirror
- extras: mirrors.neusoft.edu.cn
  docker-ce.x86_64            3:18.09.7-3.el7                     docker-ce-stable
  docker-ce.x86_64            3:18.09.6-3.el7                     docker-ce-stable
  docker-ce.x86_64            3:18.09.5-3.el7                     docker-ce-stable
  docker-ce.x86_64            3:18.09.4-3.el7                     docker-ce-stable
  docker-ce.x86_64            3:18.09.3-3.el7                     docker-ce-stable
  docker-ce.x86_64            3:18.09.2-3.el7                     docker-ce-stable
  docker-ce.x86_64            3:18.09.1-3.el7                     docker-ce-stable
  docker-ce.x86_64            3:18.09.0-3.el7                     docker-ce-stable
  docker-ce.x86_64            18.06.3.ce-3.el7                    docker-ce-stable
  docker-ce.x86_64            18.06.2.ce-3.el7                    docker-ce-stable
  docker-ce.x86_64            18.06.1.ce-3.el7                    docker-ce-stable
  docker-ce.x86_64            18.06.0.ce-3.el7                    docker-ce-stable
  docker-ce.x86_64            18.03.1.ce-1.el7.centos             docker-ce-stable
  docker-ce.x86_64            18.03.0.ce-1.el7.centos             docker-ce-stable
  docker-ce.x86_64            17.12.1.ce-1.el7.centos             docker-ce-stable
  docker-ce.x86_64            17.12.0.ce-1.el7.centos             docker-ce-stable
  docker-ce.x86_64            17.09.1.ce-1.el7.centos             docker-ce-stable
  docker-ce.x86_64            17.09.0.ce-1.el7.centos             docker-ce-stable
  docker-ce.x86_64            17.06.2.ce-1.el7.centos             docker-ce-stable
  docker-ce.x86_64            17.06.1.ce-1.el7.centos             docker-ce-stable
  docker-ce.x86_64            17.06.0.ce-1.el7.centos             docker-ce-stable
  docker-ce.x86_64            17.03.3.ce-1.el7                    docker-ce-stable
  docker-ce.x86_64            17.03.2.ce-1.el7.centos             docker-ce-stable
  docker-ce.x86_64            17.03.1.ce-1.el7.centos             docker-ce-stable
  docker-ce.x86_64            17.03.0.ce-1.el7.centos             docker-ce-stable
- base: mirrors.neusoft.edu.cn
  Available Packages

7、安装Docker

命令：yum install docker-ce-版本号，我选的是18.03.1.ce

[root@localhost ~]# yum install docker-ce-18.03.1.ce


Loaded plugins: fastestmirror
Loading mirror speeds from cached hostfile
 * base: mirrors.neusoft.edu.cn
 * extras: mirrors.neusoft.edu.cn
 * updates: mirror.bit.edu.cn
Resolving Dependencies
--> Running transaction check
---> Package docker-ce.x86_64 0:18.03.1.ce-1.el7.centos will be installed
--> Processing Dependency: libseccomp >= 2.3 for package: docker-ce-18.03.1.ce-1.el7.centos.x86_64
--> Processing Dependency: container-selinux >= 2.9 for package: docker-ce-18.03.1.ce-1.el7.centos.x86_64
--> Processing Dependency: pigz for package: docker-ce-18.03.1.ce-1.el7.centos.x86_64
--> Processing Dependency: libcgroup for package: docker-ce-18.03.1.ce-1.el7.centos.x86_64
--> Processing Dependency: libltdl.so.7()(64bit) for package: docker-ce-18.03.1.ce-1.el7.centos.x86_64
--> Processing Dependency: libseccomp.so.2()(64bit) for package: docker-ce-18.03.1.ce-1.el7.centos.x86_64
--> Running transaction check
.......
Total                                                                                                                                                                              2.2 MB/s |  36 MB  00:00:16
Retrieving key from https://mirrors.aliyun.com/docker-ce/linux/centos/gpg

8， 启动Docker，然后加入开机启动

[root@localhost ~]# systemctl start docker
[root@localhost ~]# systemctl enable docker


Created symlink from /etc/systemd/system/multi-user.target.wants/docker.service to /usr/lib/systemd/system/docker.service.

9，验证安装是否成功

[root@localhost ~]# docker version


Client:
 Version:      18.03.1-ce
 API version:  1.37
 Go version:   go1.9.5
 Git commit:   9ee9f40
 Built:        Thu Apr 26 07:20:16 2018
 OS/Arch:      linux/amd64
 Experimental: false
 Orchestrator: swarm

Server:
 Engine:
  Version:      18.03.1-ce
  API version:  1.37 (minimum version 1.12)
  Go version:   go1.9.5
  Git commit:   9ee9f40
  Built:        Thu Apr 26 07:23:58 2018
  OS/Arch:      linux/amd64
  Experimental: false

需要有client和service两部分才算成功！

其他：常用命令

• docker ps 查看当前正在运行的容器

• docker ps -a 查看所有容器的状态

• docker start/stop id/name 启动/停止某个容器

• docker attach id 进入某个容器(使用exit退出后容器也跟着停止运行)

• docker exec -ti id 启动一个伪终端以交互式的方式进入某个容器（使用exit退出后容器不停止运行）

• docker images 查看本地镜像

• docker rm id/name 删除某个容器

• docker rmi id/name 删除某个镜像

• docker run --name test -ti ubuntu /bin/bash 复制ubuntu容器并且重命名为test且运行，然后以伪终端交互式方式进入容器，运行bash