这篇主要讲了
1.设备的基本信息,及基本使用 挂载 卸载等
2.设备的分区方法 ,及普通分区的管理(修改标签,开机自动化挂载等)
3.swap分区的管理 ,swap分区是直接被系统利用的分区不需要挂载
4.分区对不同用户设置配额
5.分区加密 对加密分区读写 破坏加密分区
(一)设备的基本信息及使用
一.设备的查看
1.发现系统中的设备
(1)fdisk -l
[root@server ~]# fdisk -l
Disk /dev/vda: 10.7 GB, 10737418240 bytes, 20971520 sectors ##第一块硬盘信息
Units = sectors of 1 * 512 = 512 bytes
Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
I/O size (minimum/optimal): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
Disk label type: dos
Disk identifier: 0x00013f3e
Device Boot Start End Blocks Id System ##第一块硬盘分区信息
/dev/vda1 * 2048 20970332 10484142+ 83 Linux
Disk /dev/vdb: 10.7 GB, 10737418240 bytes, 20971520 sectors ##第二块硬盘信息
Units = sectors of 1 * 512 = 512 bytes
Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
I/O size (minimum/optimal): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
(2)cat /proc/partitions ##查看分区表
[root@server ~]# cat /proc/partitions
major minor #blocks name
253 0 10485760 vda
253 1 10484142 vda1
253 16 10485760 vdb
partprobe ##同步分区表 (看的系统中的)
2.系统发现的,但是没有投入使用 随时可以使用的设备
(1)blkid ##查看设备的id信息
【root@server ~]# blkid
/dev/vda1: UUID="9bf6b9f7-92ad-441b-848e-0257cbb883d1" TYPE="xfs“
设备名字 uid 文件系统类型
3.被系统发现并正在使用的设备
(1)df (看的硬盘中的)
-h ##单位为1g=2^n (更精确)
[root@server ~]# df -h
Filesystem Size Used Avail Use% Mounted on
/dev/vda1 10G 6.8G 3.3G 68% /
devtmpfs 482M 0 482M 0% /dev
tmpfs 498M 84K 497M 1% /dev/shm
tmpfs 498M 14M 485M 3% /run
tmpfs 498M 0 498M 0% /sys/fs/cgroup
-H ##单位为1g=10^n
[root@server ~]# df -H
Filesystem Size Used Avail Use% Mounted on
/dev/vda1 11G 7.3G 3.5G 68% /
devtmpfs 506M 0 506M 0% /dev
tmpfs 522M 87k 522M 1% /dev/shm
tmpfs 522M 14M 508M 3% /run
tmpfs 522M 0 522M 0% /sys/fs/cgroup
二.设备名称的读取
1./dev/xd*
x=s /dev/sd* ##sate硬盘,或者iscsi网络存储
x=v /dev/vd* ##虚拟硬盘,一般出现在虚拟机里
x=h /dev/hd* ##ide硬盘 ,一般出现在老式电脑里
*=a~... ##/dev/vda, 系统中的第一块虚拟硬盘
/dev/sda1 ##系统中的第一块sate硬盘的第一个分区
2./dev/cdrom,/dev/sr[0-...] ##系统中的光驱
3./dev/mapper/* ##系统中的虚拟设备
三.设备的使用
设备必须用目录来对设备中的内容进行读取
所以设备使用时需要作挂载动作
1.blkid ##识别设备
[root@really ~]# blkid
/dev/sda1: UUID="B01E51981E515904" TYPE="ntfs"
/dev/sda2: UUID="d2f71dd0-0b65-4c28-b6b0-da684548456f" TYPE="xfs"
/dev/sda3: UUID="373992f9-e6b5-4901-b734-8cfb74f61b0d" TYPE="swap"
/dev/sda5: UUID="e39bbd52-0703-4015-819d-8664d40e7c4a" TYPE="xfs"
/dev/sdb1: LABEL="M-gM-3M-;M-gM-;M-^_" UUID="0000678400004823" TYPE="ntfs"
/dev/sdb5: LABEL="M-hM-=M-/M-dM-;M-6" UUID="0000678400004823" TYPE="ntfs"
/dev/sdb6: LABEL="M-fM-^VM-^GM-fM-!M-#" UUID="0000678400004823" TYPE="ntfs"
/dev/sdb7: LABEL="M-eM-(M-1M-dM-9M-^P" UUID="0000678400004823" TYPE="ntfs"
/dev/loop0: UUID="2015-10-30-11-11-49-00" LABEL="RHEL-7.2 Server.x86_64" TYPE="iso9660" PTTYPE="dos"
/dev/sdc1: LABEL="HP v285w" UUID="9B03-2CED" TYPE="vfat" ##插入的u盘
[root@really ~]# df
Filesystem 1K-blocks Used Available Use% Mounted on
/dev/sda5 56237232 40605444 15631788 73% /
devtmpfs 3870272 0 3870272 0% /dev
tmpfs 3879028 568 3878460 1% /dev/shm
tmpfs 3879028 9256 3869772 1% /run
tmpfs 3879028 0 3879028 0% /sys/fs/cgroup
/dev/sda2 508588 120876 387712 24% /boot
/dev/loop0 3947824 3947824 0 100% /var/www/html/rh7.2
/dev/sdc1 31020992 2929920 28091072 10% /run/media/kiosk/HP v285w ##u盘挂载位置
2.mount 设备 挂载点 ##挂载设备(挂载在一个目录后 可查看设备里的内容 不能查看原来目录里的东西)
(1)##默认不加参数为读写
(2)-o ro ##-o 指定动作 ro表示read only
[root@really mnt]# mount -o ro /dev/sdc1 /mnt
[root@really mnt]# ls -lr /mnt
total 32
drwxr-xr-x. 8 root root 16384 Oct 30 15:31 ????
drwxr-xr-x. 4 root root 16384 Oct 28 11:34 ??
[root@really mnt]# touch file /mnt
touch: setting times of ‘/mnt’: Read-only file system
(3)-o remount,rw 设备或挂载点 ##热更改为读写 不需要解挂载(在设备使用时将参数改为rw)
[root@really mnt]# mount -o remount,rw /dev/sdc1
[root@really mnt]# touch /mnt/file
[root@really mnt]# ls -lr /mnt
total 32
-rwxr-xr-x. 1 root root 0 Nov 6 11:30 file
drwxr-xr-x. 8 root root 16384 Oct 30 15:31 ????
drwxr-xr-x. 4 root root 16384 Oct 28 11:34 ??
3.umount 设备|挂载点 ##卸载设备(可接设别或挂载点 任意)
[root@really mnt]# umount /dev/sdc1 ##卸载u盘挂载
[root@really mnt]# df ##查看正在使用的设备
Filesystem 1K-blocks Used Available Use% Mounted on
/dev/sda5 56237232 40606232 15631000 73% /
devtmpfs 3870272 0 3870272 0% /dev
tmpfs 3879028 568 3878460 1% /dev/shm
tmpfs 3879028 9252 3869776 1% /run
tmpfs 3879028 0 3879028 0% /sys/fs/cgroup
/dev/sda2 508588 120876 387712 24% /boot
/dev/loop0 3947824 3947824 0 100% /var/www/html/rh7.2
注意:当卸载设备时出现下列情况
[root@server zl]# umount /dev/vdb1
umount: /zl: target is busy. ##出现如下报错时
(In some cases useful info about processes that use
the device is found by lsof(8) or fuser(1))
表示设备正在被系统的某个程序使用的处理方法:
(1)进程发现的方式
1.fuser -vm 设备
[root@foundation14 ~]# fuser -vm /dev/sdb1
USER PID ACCESS COMMAND
/dev/sdb1: root kernel mount /mnt
root 20071 ..c.. bash
root 20720 F.c.. vim
2.lsof 设备
[root@foundation14 ~]# lsof /dev/sdb1
lsof: WARNING: can't stat() fuse.gvfsd-fuse file system /run/user/1000/gvfs
Output information may be incomplete.
COMMAND PID USER FD TYPE DEVICE SIZE/OFF NODE NAME
bash 20071 root cwd DIR 8,17 16384 1 /mnt
vim 20720 root cwd DIR 8,17 16384 1 /mnt
vim 20720 root 3u REG 8,17 12288 3096 /mnt/.file.swo
(2)关闭进程的方法
1.fuser -kvm 设备
[root@foundation14 ~]# fuser -kvm /dev/sdb1
USER PID ACCESS COMMAND
/dev/sdb1: root kernel mount /mnt
root 15647 ..c.. bash
root 20021 F.c.. vim
[root@foundation14 ~]# umount /dev/sdb1
[root@foundation14 ~]# df
Filesystem 1K-blocks Used Available Use% Mounted on
/dev/sda5 266049616 23050820 242998796 9% /
devtmpfs 1868044 0 1868044 0% /dev
tmpfs 1881152 516 1880636 1% /dev/shm
tmpfs 1881152 9016 1872136 1% /run
tmpfs 1881152 0 1881152 0% /sys/fs/cgroup
/dev/sda2 505580 149488 356092 30% /boot
/dev/loop0 3947824 3947824 0 100% /var/www/html/rh7.2
/dev/loop1 3947824 3947824 0 100% /rh7.2
tmpfs 376232 20 376212 1% /run/user/1000
2.kill -9 uid
[root@foundation14 ~]# kill -9 2007
-bash: kill: (2007) - No such process
[root@foundation14 ~]# kill -9 20071
[root@foundation14 ~]# umount /dev/sdb1
[root@foundation14 ~]# df
(二)设备的分区
一.设备分区信息
1.mbr 主引导 446bit(字节) 磁头去找系统的启动分区
2.mbr + 55aa (2个字节 硬盘有效性标示类似于目录)+mpt (主分区表64字节)=512
3.一个主分区占用主分区表16个字节记录分区信息
4.一块硬盘上如果用mbr分区方式 最多可以存在四个主分区
5.『分区表记录的为主分区
扩展分区弥补分区表不足 记录逻辑分区』(mbr分区方式,一个分区最大2tb)
二.分区的划分
1.[root@node1 ~]# fdisk -l ##发现系统中的设备
Disk /dev/vda: 10.7 GB, 10737418240 bytes, 20971520 sectors
Units = sectors of 1 * 512 = 512 bytes
Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
I/O size (minimum/optimal): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
Disk label type: dos
Disk identifier: 0x00013f3e
Device Boot Start End Blocks Id System
/dev/vda1 * 2048 20970332 10484142+ 83 Linux ##vda1 已经被全部使用
Disk /dev/vdb: 10.7 GB, 10737418240 bytes, 20971520 sectors ##vdb还没有分区
Units = sectors of 1 * 512 = 512 bytes
Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
I/O size (minimum/optimal): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
2.[root@node1 ~]# fdisk /dev/vdb ##进入/dev/vdb的分区管理
Welcome to fdisk (util-linux 2.23.2).
Changes will remain in memory only, until you decide to write them.
Be careful before using the write command.
Device does not contain a recognized partition table
Building a new DOS disklabel with disk identifier 0x12a6a759.
Command (m for help): m ##输入m 查看参数用法
Command action
a toggle a bootable flag
b edit bsd disklabel
c toggle the dos compatibility flag
d delete a partition ##删除分区
g create a new empty GPT partition table
G create an IRIX (SGI) partition table
l list known partition types
m print this menu
n add a new partition ##新建分区
o create a new empty DOS partition table
p print the partition table ##区分分区表信息
q quit without saving changes ##推出
s create a new empty Sun disklabel
t change a partition's system id
u change display/entry units
v verify the partition table
w write table to disk and exit ##将当前操作写入硬盘分区
x extra functionality (experts only)
Command (m for help): n ##创建分区
Partition type:
p primary (0 primary, 0 extended, 4 free) ##主分区
e extended ##拓展分区
Partition number (1-4, default 1): 1 ##确认主分区id
First sector (2048-20971519, default 2048): ##分区起始快位置 用默认
Using default value 2048
Last sector, +sectors or +size{K,M,G} (2048-20971519, default 20971519): +100M ##分区结束快位置 用+
Partition 1 of type Linux and of size 100 MiB is set
Command (m for help): wq ##保存分区策略并退出
The partition table has been altered!
Calling ioctl() to re-read partition table.
Syncing disks.
3.[root@node1 ~]# cat /proc/partitions ##查看新建分区有没有被系统识别
major minor #blocks name
253 0 10485760 vda
253 1 10484142 vda1
253 16 10485760 vdb
253 17 102400 vdb1 ##被识别
[root@node1 ~]# mount /dev/vdb1 /mnt ##可以识别但不能使用
mount: /dev/vdb1 is write-protected, mounting read-only
mount: unknown filesystem type '(null)' ##没有识别硬盘信息的软件(文件系统)
##文件系统包括
#ext2-4 日志文件系统(可以支持数据32TB分区)
#fwt(4TB)
#wrfs(32TB)
#xfs (18EB 吞吐速度可达到7GB/s 硬盘达不到 大数据常用)
4.[root@node1 ~]# mkfs.xfs /dev/vdb1 ##格式化设备
meta-data=/dev/vdb1 isize=256 agcount=4, agsize=6400 blks
= sectsz=512 attr=2, projid32bit=1
= crc=0
data = bsize=4096 blocks=25600, imaxpct=25
= sunit=0 swidth=0 blks
naming =version 2 bsize=4096 ascii-ci=0 ftype=0
log =internal log bsize=4096 blocks=853, version=2
= sectsz=512 sunit=0 blks, lazy-count=1
realtime =none extsz=4096 blocks=0, rtextents=0
[root@node1 ~]# blkid ##查看可用设备
/dev/vda1: UUID="9bf6b9f7-92ad-441b-848e-0257cbb883d1" TYPE="xfs"
/dev/vdb1: UUID="22987d47-c812-47b3-9fa1-af8436dec326" TYPE="xfs" ##可以看到被格式化好的设备
[root@node1 ~]# mount /dev/vdb1 /mnt ##挂载设备 使设备投入使用
[root@node1 ~]# cd /mnt
[root@node1 mnt]# ls
[root@node1 mnt]# df
Filesystem 1K-blocks Used Available Use% Mounted on
/dev/vda1 10473900 3831836 6642064 37% /
devtmpfs 481120 0 481120 0% /dev
tmpfs 496708 84 496624 1% /dev/shm
tmpfs 496708 13064 483644 3% /run
tmpfs 496708 0 496708 0% /sys/fs/cgroup
/dev/vdb1 98988 5280 93708 6% /mnt ##挂载的设备
三.设备永久挂载
1.[root@node1 mnt]# vim /etc/fstab ##设备挂载配置文件
设备 挂载点 文件系统类型 挂载参数 是否备份设备 是否检测设备
/dev/vdb1 /zl xfs default 0 0
2.[root@node1 mnt]# mount -a ##让fstab中未生效的策略生效
[root@node1 mnt]# df
Filesystem 1K-blocks Used Available Use% Mounted on
/dev/vda1 10473900 3831848 6642052 37% /
devtmpfs 481120 0 481120 0% /dev
tmpfs 496708 84 496624 1% /dev/shm
tmpfs 496708 13064 483644 3% /run
tmpfs 496708 0 496708 0% /sys/fs/cgroup
/dev/vdb1 98988 5280 93708 6% /zl
3.排错 如配置文件写错 会导致系统启动失败 用之前学习的重置root密码类似的方式 修改配置文件
四.删除分区
1.[root@node1 mnt]# vim /etc/fstab ##删除永久挂载配置策略
2.[root@node1 mnt]# umount /dev/vdb1 ##卸载挂载
[root@node1 ~]# df
Filesystem 1K-blocks Used Available Use% Mounted on
/dev/vda1 10473900 3832384 6641516 37% /
devtmpfs 481120 0 481120 0% /dev
tmpfs 496708 84 496624 1% /dev/shm
tmpfs 496708 13064 483644 3% /run
tmpfs 496708 0 496708 0% /sys/fs/cgroup
3.[root@server ~]# fdisk /dev/vdb ##在管理设备中删除分区
Welcome to fdisk (util-linux 2.23.2).
Changes will remain in memory only, until you decide to write them.
Be careful before using the write command.
Command (m for help): d
Selected partition 1
Partition 1 is deleted
五.分区方式修改
一.mbr----->gpt
1.[root@node1 mnt]# parted /dev/vdb ##修改硬盘分区方式
GNU Parted 3.1
Using /dev/vdb
Welcome to GNU Parted! Type 'help' to view a list of commands.
(parted) mklabel ##修改分区方式
New disk label type? gpt ##改为gpt
Warning: The existing disk label on /dev/vdb will be destroyed and all data on
this disk will be lost. Do you want to continue?
Yes/No? y ##是否更改
(parted) quit ##退出
Information: You may need to update /etc/fstab. ##提示有新的更改 建议同步配置文件
2.[root@node1 mnt]# fdisk -l ##查看
Disk /dev/vdb: 10.7 GB, 10737418240 bytes, 20971520 sectors
Units = sectors of 1 * 512 = 512 bytes
Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
I/O size (minimum/optimal): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
Disk label type: gpt ##改为gpt了
3.[root@node1 mnt]# fdisk /dev/vdb ##在gpt分区模式下新建立分区
WARNING: fdisk GPT support is currently new, and therefore in an experimental phase. Use at your own discretion.
Welcome to fdisk (util-linux 2.23.2).
Changes will remain in memory only, until you decide to write them.
Be careful before using the write command.
Command (m for help): n
Partition number (1-128, default 1): 1 ##可以存在128个分区
二.gpt--------->mbr
1.[root@node1 mnt]# parted /dev/vdb
GNU Parted 3.1
Using /dev/vdb
Welcome to GNU Parted! Type 'help' to view a list of commands.
(parted) mklabel
New disk label type? msdos
Warning: The existing disk label on /dev/vdb will be destroyed and all data on
this disk will be lost. Do you want to continue?
Yes/No? y
(parted) quit
Information: You may need to update /etc/fstab.
2.[root@node1 mnt]# fdisk -l
Disk /dev/vdb: 10.7 GB, 10737418240 bytes, 20971520 sectors
Units = sectors of 1 * 512 = 512 bytes
Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
I/O size (minimum/optimal): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
Disk label type: dos
Disk identifier: 0x00033857
(三)swap分区的管理
一.swap 分区的查看
[root@foundation14 ~]# swapon -s
Filename Type Size Used Priority
/dev/sda3 partition 3933180 0 -1
二.swap 分区的建立
1.[root@node1 ~]# fdisk /dev/vdb ##新建分区
Welcome to fdisk (util-linux 2.23.2).
Changes will remain in memory only, until you decide to write them.
Be careful before using the write command.
Command (m for help): n ##新建分区
Partition type:
p primary (1 primary, 0 extended, 3 free)
e extended
Select (default p): p
Partition number (2-4, default 2):
First sector (206848-20971519, default 206848):
Using default value 206848
Last sector, +sectors or +size{K,M,G} (206848-20971519, default 20971519): +100M
Partition 2 of type Linux and of size 100 MiB is set
Command (m for help): t ##更改分区id
Partition number (1,2, default 2): 2 ##选择更改哪个分区
Hex code (type L to list all codes): l ##列出所有分区id
Hex code (type L to list all codes): 82 ##更改id的编号
Changed type of partition 'Linux' to 'Linux swap / Solaris' ##更改成功
Command (m for help): wq
The partition table has been altered!
Calling ioctl() to re-read partition table.
Syncing disks.
2.[root@node1 ~]# mkswap /dev/vdb2 ##格式化新建分区
Setting up swapspace version 1, size = 102396 KiB
no label, UUID=0722a0b2-503c-43cb-aad1-a92b65284ec4
[root@node1 ~]# blkid
/dev/vda1: UUID="9bf6b9f7-92ad-441b-848e-0257cbb883d1" TYPE="xfs"
/dev/vdb1: UUID="cb24b1a8-b3b9-4e61-ab84-ef86c9df0903" TYPE="swap"
/dev/vdb2: UUID="0722a0b2-503c-43cb-aad1-a92b65284ec4" TYPE="swap"
3.[root@node1 ~]# swapon -a /dev/vdb2 ##激活swap 使系统利用此设备(swap是系统利用设备 不需要挂载)
[root@node1 ~]# fdisk -l
/dev/vdb1 2048 206847 102400 83 Linux
/dev/vdb2 206848 411647 102400 82 Linux swap / Solaris
4.[root@node1 ~]# vim /etc/fstab ##开机自动激活swap
/dev/vdb2 swap swap defaults 0 0
5.[root@node1 ~]# swapoff /dev/vdb2 ##关闭
三.当磁盘全部被占用 不能创建新分区时 可以用文件来代替
1.[root@node1 ~]# dd if=/dev/zero of=/swapfile bs=1M count=1000 ##从/dev/zero(为空) 截取1M的片段1000个(1G) 新建为/swapfile文件
1000+0 records in
1000+0 records out
1048576000 bytes (1.0 GB) copied, 14.8073 s, 70.8 MB/s
[root@node1 ~]# du -sh /swapfile ##查看新建文件大小
1000M /swapfile
2.[root@node1 ~]# mkswap /swapfile ##格式化文件
Setting up swapspace version 1, size = 1023996 KiB
no label, UUID=5d6920f6-584e-48f4-a236-7c4ef31c911d
[root@node1 ~]# blkid ##查看不到/swapfile 因为其表示设备是文件
/dev/vda1: UUID="9bf6b9f7-92ad-441b-848e-0257cbb883d1" TYPE="xfs"
/dev/vdb1: UUID="cb24b1a8-b3b9-4e61-ab84-ef86c9df0903" TYPE="swap"
/dev/vdb2: UUID="0722a0b2-503c-43cb-aad1-a92b65284ec4" TYPE="swap"
3.[root@node1 ~]# vim /etc/fstab ##编辑配置文件
/swapfile swap swap defaults 0 0
4.[root@node1 ~]# swapon -a ##激活
swapon: /swapfile: insecure permissions 0644, 0600 suggested.
[root@node1 ~]# swapon -s ##查看
Filename Type Size Used Priority
/dev/vdb2 partition 102396 0 -1
/swapfile file 1023996 0 -2
(四)磁盘配额
为磁盘使用用户分配额度
分区配额针对设备
1.[root@node1 ~]# mount -o usrquota /dev/vdb1 /zl/ ##激活设置配额参数
2.[root@node1 ~]# chmod 777 /zl/ ##加权限 为下面实验做准备
3.[root@node1 ~]# edquota -u student /dev/vdb1 ##编辑对于/dev/vdb1硬盘的student用户的使用限额
Disk quotas for user student (uid 1000):
Filesystem blocks soft hard inodes soft hard
/dev/vdb1 0 0 204800 0 0 0
4.效果
(1)[student@node1 ~]$ dd if=/dev/zero of=/zl/fiel bs=1M count=20 ##在/zl中创建20M的文件
20+0 records in
20+0 records out
20971520 bytes (21 MB) copied, 0.0400231 s, 524 MB/s
[student@node1 ~]$ du -sh /zl/file ##成功创建20M文件
20M /zl/file
(2)[student@node1 ~]$ dd if=/dev/zero of=/zl/fiel bs=1M count=220 ##在/zl中创建220M的文件
dd: error writing ‘/zl/fiel’: Disk quota exceeded
201+0 records in
200+0 records out
209715200 bytes (210 MB) copied, 0.744319 s, 282 MB/s
[student@node1 ~]$ du -sh /zl/file ##只创建出200M文件 因为之前设置的student用户使用此设备的配额为200M
200M /zl/file
5.开机自动激活配额
/dev/vdb1 /zl xfs defaults,usrquota 0 0
(五)分区加密
一.分区加密
1.[root@localhost ~]# fdisk /dev/vdb ##新建分区
2.[root@localhost ~]# cryptsetup luksFormat /dev/vdb1 ##对设备加密
WARNING!
========
This will overwrite data on /dev/vdb1 irrevocably.
Are you sure? (Type uppercase yes): YES ##确认加密
Enter passphrase:
Verify passphrase:
3.[root@localhost mapper]# cryptsetup open /dev/vdb1 zl ##解密设备
Enter passphrase for /dev/vdb1:
4.[root@localhost mapper]# mkfs.xfs /dev/mapper/zl ####用管理文件格式化设备(/dev/mapper/zl 为设备加密时的形态)
meta-data=/dev/mapper/zl isize=256 agcount=4, agsize=655168 blks
= sectsz=512 attr=2, projid32bit=1
= crc=0
data = bsize=4096 blocks=2620672, imaxpct=25
= sunit=0 swidth=0 blks
naming =version 2 bsize=4096 ascii-ci=0 ftype=0
log =internal log bsize=4096 blocks=2560, version=2
= sectsz=512 sunit=0 blks, lazy-count=1
realtime =none extsz=4096 blocks=0, rtextents=0
5.[root@localhost mapper]# mount /dev/mapper/zl ##挂载设备 设备内容可读写
mount: can't find /dev/mapper/zl in /etc/fstab
[root@localhost mapper]# mount /dev/mapper/zl /mnt/
[root@localhost mapper]# touch /mnt/file{1..5}
[root@localhost mapper]# cd /mnt
[root@localhost mnt]# ls
file1 file2 file3 file4 file5
6.[root@localhost ~]# umount /mnt ##卸载设备
7.[root@localhost ~]# cryptsetup close zl ##关闭设备加密层
[root@localhost ~]# mount /dev/mapper/zl /mnt/ ##无法使用设备
mount: special device /dev/mapper/zl does not exist
[root@localhost ~]# blkid
/dev/vda1: UUID="9bf6b9f7-92ad-441b-848e-0257cbb883d1" TYPE="xfs"
/dev/vdb1: UUID="eb723191-7d41-40b5-a06a-00fc027ad663" TYPE="crypto_LUKS" ##设备加密
二.开机自动加密
1.[root@localhost ~]# vim /etc/fstab
/dev/mapper/zl /mnt xfs defaults 0 0
2.[root@localhost ~]# vim /etc/crypttab
zl /dev/vdb1 /root/passfile
3.[root@localhost ~]# vim /root/passfile
19970214
4.root@localhost ~]# chmod 600 /root/passfile
5.[root@localhost ~]# cryptsetup luksAddKey /dev/vdb1 /root/passfile
Enter any passphrase:
三.加密的清除
1.[root@localhost ~]# umount /dev/mapper/zl ##卸载设备
2.[root@localhost ~]# cryptsetup close zl ##关闭设备加密层
3.[root@localhost ~]# mkfs.xfs /dev/vdb1 ##格式化设备 破坏加密
mkfs.xfs: /dev/vdb1 appears to contain an existing filesystem (crypto_LUKS).
mkfs.xfs: Use the -f option to force overwrite.
4.[root@localhost ~]# mkfs.xfs /dev/vdb1 -f ##强制执行3.
meta-data=/dev/vdb1 isize=256 agcount=4, agsize=655296 blks
= sectsz=512 attr=2, projid32bit=1
= crc=0
data = bsize=4096 blocks=2621184, imaxpct=25
= sunit=0 swidth=0 blks
naming =version 2 bsize=4096 ascii-ci=0 ftype=0
log =internal log bsize=4096 blocks=2560, version=2
= sectsz=512 sunit=0 blks, lazy-count=1
realtime =none extsz=4096 blocks=0, rtextents=0
5.[root@localhost ~]# vim /etc/fstab ##删除加密时修改的配置文件
[root@localhost ~]# cat /etc/fstab
#
## /etc/fstab
## Created by anaconda on Wed May 7 01:22:57 2014
##
## Accessible filesystems, by reference, are maintained under '/dev/disk'
## See man pages fstab(5), findfs(8), mount(8) and/or blkid(8) for more info
##
#UUID=9bf6b9f7-92ad-441b-848e-0257cbb883d1 / xfs defaults 1 1
6.[root@localhost ~]# vim /etc/crypttab ##删除加密时修改的配置文件
[root@localhost ~]# cat /etc/crypttab ##内容为空