Nginx 安装
系统平台:CentOS release 6.10 (Final) 64位。
一、安装编译工具及库文件
yum -y install make zlib zlib-devel gcc-c++ libtool openssl openssl-devel
二、首先要安装 PCRE
PCRE 作用是让 Nginx 支持 Rewrite 功能。
1、下载 PCRE 安装包,下载地址: http://downloads.sourceforge.net/project/pcre/pcre/8.35/pcre-8.35.tar.gz
[root@localhost src]# cd /usr/local/src/
[root@localhost src]# wget http://downloads.sourceforge.net/project/pcre/pcre/8.35/pcre-8.35.tar.gz
2、解压安装包:
[root@localhost src]# tar zxvf pcre-8.35.tar.gz
3、进入安装包目录
[root@localhost src]# cd pcre-8.35
4、编译安装
[root@localhost pcre-8.35]# ./configure
[root@localhost pcre-8.35]# make && make install
5、查看pcre版本
[root@localhost pcre-8.35]# pcre-config --version
安装 Nginx
1、下载 Nginx,下载地址:http://nginx.org/download/nginx-1.6.2.tar.gz
[root@localhost src]# cd /usr/local/src/
[root@localhost src]# wget http://nginx.org/download/nginx-1.6.2.tar.gz
2、解压安装包
[root@localhost src]# tar zxvf nginx-1.6.2.tar.gz
3、进入安装包目录
[root@localhost src]# cd nginx-1.6.2
4、编译安装
[root@localhost nginx-1.6.2]# ./configure --prefix=/usr/local/webserver/nginx --with-http_stub_status_module --with-http_ssl_module --with-pcre=/usr/local/src/pcre-8.35
[root@localhost nginx-1.6.2]# make
[root@localhost nginx-1.6.2]# make install
5、查看nginx版本
[root@localhost nginx-1.6.2]# /usr/local/webserver/nginx/sbin/nginx -v
到此,nginx安装完成。
Nginx 配置
创建 Nginx 运行使用的用户 www:
[root@localhost conf]# /usr/sbin/groupadd www
[root@localhost conf]# /usr/sbin/useradd -g www www
配置nginx.conf ,将/usr/local/webserver/nginx/conf/nginx.conf替换为以下内容
[root@localhost conf]# cat /usr/local/webserver/nginx/conf/nginx.conf
user www www;
worker_processes 2; #设置值和CPU核心数一致
error_log /usr/local/webserver/nginx/logs/nginx_error.log crit; #日志位置和日志级别
pid /usr/local/webserver/nginx/nginx.pid;
#Specifies the value for maximum file descriptors that can be opened by this process.
worker_rlimit_nofile 65535;
events
{
use epoll;
worker_connections 65535;
}
http
{
include mime.types;
default_type application/octet-stream;
log_format main '$remote_addr - $remote_user [$time_local] "$request" '
'$status $body_bytes_sent "$http_referer" '
'"$http_user_agent" $http_x_forwarded_for';
#charset gb2312;
server_names_hash_bucket_size 128;
client_header_buffer_size 32k;
large_client_header_buffers 4 32k;
client_max_body_size 8m;
sendfile on;
tcp_nopush on;
keepalive_timeout 60;
tcp_nodelay on;
fastcgi_connect_timeout 300;
fastcgi_send_timeout 300;
fastcgi_read_timeout 300;
fastcgi_buffer_size 64k;
fastcgi_buffers 4 64k;
fastcgi_busy_buffers_size 128k;
fastcgi_temp_file_write_size 128k;
gzip on;
gzip_min_length 1k;
gzip_buffers 4 16k;
gzip_http_version 1.0;
gzip_comp_level 2;
gzip_types text/plain application/x-javascript text/css application/xml;
gzip_vary on;
#limit_zone crawler $binary_remote_addr 10m;
#下面是server虚拟主机的配置
server
{
listen 80;#监听端口
server_name localhost;#域名
index index.html index.htm index.php;
root /usr/local/webserver/nginx/html;#站点目录
location ~ .*\.(php|php5)?$
{
#fastcgi_pass unix:/tmp/php-cgi.sock;
fastcgi_pass 127.0.0.1:9000;
fastcgi_index index.php;
include fastcgi.conf;
}
location ~ .*\.(gif|jpg|jpeg|png|bmp|swf|ico)$
{
expires 30d;
# access_log off;
}
location ~ .*\.(js|css)?$
{
expires 15d;
# access_log off;
}
access_log off;
}
}
检查配置文件nginx.conf的正确性命令:
[root@localhost conf]# /usr/local/webserver/nginx/sbin/nginx -t
启动 Nginx
Nginx 启动命令如下:
[root@localhost conf]# /usr/local/webserver/nginx/sbin/nginx
查看服务器ip
[root@localhost ~]# ifconfig
eth0 Link encap:Ethernet HWaddr 00:0C:29:BF:B7:11
inet addr:192.168.1.198 Bcast:192.168.1.255 Mask:255.255.255.0
inet6 addr: fe80::20c:29ff:febf:b711/64 Scope:Link
UP BROADCAST RUNNING MULTICAST MTU:1500 Metric:1
RX packets:12267 errors:0 dropped:0 overruns:0 frame:0
TX packets:5501 errors:0 dropped:0 overruns:0 carrier:0
collisions:0 txqueuelen:1000
RX bytes:5421739 (5.1 MiB) TX bytes:743192 (725.7 KiB)
eth1 Link encap:Ethernet HWaddr 00:0C:29:BF:B7:1B
inet6 addr: fe80::20c:29ff:febf:b71b/64 Scope:Link
UP BROADCAST RUNNING MULTICAST MTU:1500 Metric:1
RX packets:25 errors:0 dropped:0 overruns:0 frame:0
TX packets:3 errors:0 dropped:0 overruns:0 carrier:0
collisions:0 txqueuelen:1000
RX bytes:3210 (3.1 KiB) TX bytes:258 (258.0 b)
lo Link encap:Local Loopback
inet addr:127.0.0.1 Mask:255.0.0.0
inet6 addr: ::1/128 Scope:Host
UP LOOPBACK RUNNING MTU:65536 Metric:1
RX packets:24 errors:0 dropped:0 overruns:0 frame:0
TX packets:24 errors:0 dropped:0 overruns:0 carrier:0
collisions:0 txqueuelen:0
RX bytes:2407 (2.3 KiB) TX bytes:2407 (2.3 KiB)
问题一:使用ip访问,如果未能显示是因为服务器防火墙未关闭
查看防火墙状态:service iptables status
关闭防火墙:service iptables stop
打开防火墙:service iptables start
问题二:查看nginx实际调用的配置文件(如果服务器中存在多个nginx.conf文件,我们并不知道实际上调用的是哪个配置文件,因此我们必须找到实际调用的配置文件才能进行修改)
1.查看nginx路径
[root@localhost nginx]# ps aux|grep nginx
root 20892 0.0 0.0 42468 1076 ? Ss 09:34 0:00 nginx: master process /usr/local/webserver/nginx/sbin/nginx
www 20893 0.0 1.4 68580 27688 ? S 09:34 0:00 nginx: worker process
www 20894 0.0 1.4 68580 27448 ? S 09:34 0:00 nginx: worker process
root 32791 0.0 0.0 103324 856 pts/1 S+ 10:28 0:00 grep nginx
nginx的路径为:/usr/local/webserver/nginx/sbin/nginx
2.查看nginx配置文件路径
使用nginx的 -t 参数进行配置检查,即可知道实际调用的配置文件路径及是否调用有效。
[root@localhost nginx]# /usr/local/webserver/nginx/sbin/nginx -t
nginx: the configuration file /usr/local/webserver/nginx/conf/nginx.conf syntax is ok
nginx: configuration file /usr/local/webserver/nginx/conf/nginx.conf test is successful
测试可知,nginx的配置文件路径为: /usr/local/webserver/nginx/conf/nginx.conf 且调用有效。
问题三:ps aux|grep nginx命令出现nginx安装目录 -c nginx.conf配置文件目录
[root@localhost nginx]# ps aux|grep nginx
root 30186 0.0 0.0 46404 1176 ? Ss Feb18 0:00 nginx: master process **/usr/sbin/nginx -c /etc/nginx/nginx.conf**
root 30187 0.0 0.0 46936 2596 ? S Feb18 0:00 nginx: worker process
root 31744 0.0 0.0 112704 972 pts/0 S+ 10:34 0:00 grep --color=auto nginx
参数 “-c” 指定了配置文件的路径,如果不加 “-c” 参数,Nginx 会默认加载其安装目录的 conf 子目录中的 nginx.conf 文件。