Linux安装nginx

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最新推荐文章于 2024-04-01 22:55:06 发布

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Nginx 安装

系统平台：CentOS release 6.10 (Final) 64位。

一、安装编译工具及库文件

yum -y install make zlib zlib-devel gcc-c++ libtool  openssl openssl-devel

二、首先要安装 PCRE
PCRE 作用是让 Nginx 支持 Rewrite 功能。

1、下载 PCRE 安装包，下载地址： http://downloads.sourceforge.net/project/pcre/pcre/8.35/pcre-8.35.tar.gz

[root@localhost src]# cd /usr/local/src/
[root@localhost src]# wget http://downloads.sourceforge.net/project/pcre/pcre/8.35/pcre-8.35.tar.gz

2、解压安装包:

[root@localhost src]# tar zxvf pcre-8.35.tar.gz

3、进入安装包目录

[root@localhost src]# cd pcre-8.35

4、编译安装

[root@localhost pcre-8.35]# ./configure
[root@localhost pcre-8.35]# make && make install

5、查看pcre版本

[root@localhost pcre-8.35]# pcre-config --version

安装 Nginx
1、下载 Nginx，下载地址：http://nginx.org/download/nginx-1.6.2.tar.gz

[root@localhost src]# cd /usr/local/src/
[root@localhost src]# wget http://nginx.org/download/nginx-1.6.2.tar.gz

2、解压安装包

[root@localhost src]# tar zxvf nginx-1.6.2.tar.gz

3、进入安装包目录

[root@localhost src]# cd nginx-1.6.2

4、编译安装

[root@localhost nginx-1.6.2]# ./configure --prefix=/usr/local/webserver/nginx --with-http_stub_status_module --with-http_ssl_module --with-pcre=/usr/local/src/pcre-8.35
[root@localhost nginx-1.6.2]# make
[root@localhost nginx-1.6.2]# make install

5、查看nginx版本

[root@localhost nginx-1.6.2]# /usr/local/webserver/nginx/sbin/nginx -v

到此，nginx安装完成。

Nginx 配置
创建 Nginx 运行使用的用户 www：

[root@localhost conf]# /usr/sbin/groupadd www 
[root@localhost conf]# /usr/sbin/useradd -g www www

配置nginx.conf ，将/usr/local/webserver/nginx/conf/nginx.conf替换为以下内容

[root@localhost conf]#  cat /usr/local/webserver/nginx/conf/nginx.conf

user www www;
worker_processes 2; #设置值和CPU核心数一致
error_log /usr/local/webserver/nginx/logs/nginx_error.log crit; #日志位置和日志级别
pid /usr/local/webserver/nginx/nginx.pid;
#Specifies the value for maximum file descriptors that can be opened by this process.
worker_rlimit_nofile 65535;
events
{
  use epoll;
  worker_connections 65535;
}
http
{
  include mime.types;
  default_type application/octet-stream;
  log_format main  '$remote_addr - $remote_user [$time_local] "$request" '
               '$status $body_bytes_sent "$http_referer" '
               '"$http_user_agent" $http_x_forwarded_for';
  
#charset gb2312;
     
  server_names_hash_bucket_size 128;
  client_header_buffer_size 32k;
  large_client_header_buffers 4 32k;
  client_max_body_size 8m;
     
  sendfile on;
  tcp_nopush on;
  keepalive_timeout 60;
  tcp_nodelay on;
  fastcgi_connect_timeout 300;
  fastcgi_send_timeout 300;
  fastcgi_read_timeout 300;
  fastcgi_buffer_size 64k;
  fastcgi_buffers 4 64k;
  fastcgi_busy_buffers_size 128k;
  fastcgi_temp_file_write_size 128k;
  gzip on; 
  gzip_min_length 1k;
  gzip_buffers 4 16k;
  gzip_http_version 1.0;
  gzip_comp_level 2;
  gzip_types text/plain application/x-javascript text/css application/xml;
  gzip_vary on;
 
  #limit_zone crawler $binary_remote_addr 10m;
 #下面是server虚拟主机的配置
 server
  {
    listen 80;#监听端口
    server_name localhost;#域名
    index index.html index.htm index.php;
    root /usr/local/webserver/nginx/html;#站点目录
      location ~ .*\.(php|php5)?$
    {
      #fastcgi_pass unix:/tmp/php-cgi.sock;
      fastcgi_pass 127.0.0.1:9000;
      fastcgi_index index.php;
      include fastcgi.conf;
    }
    location ~ .*\.(gif|jpg|jpeg|png|bmp|swf|ico)$
    {
      expires 30d;
  # access_log off;
    }
    location ~ .*\.(js|css)?$
    {
      expires 15d;
   # access_log off;
    }
    access_log off;
  }
}

检查配置文件nginx.conf的正确性命令：

[root@localhost conf]# /usr/local/webserver/nginx/sbin/nginx -t

启动 Nginx
Nginx 启动命令如下：

[root@localhost conf]# /usr/local/webserver/nginx/sbin/nginx

查看服务器ip

[root@localhost ~]# ifconfig
   eth0      Link encap:Ethernet  HWaddr 00:0C:29:BF:B7:11  
          inet addr:192.168.1.198  Bcast:192.168.1.255  Mask:255.255.255.0
          inet6 addr: fe80::20c:29ff:febf:b711/64 Scope:Link
          UP BROADCAST RUNNING MULTICAST  MTU:1500  Metric:1
          RX packets:12267 errors:0 dropped:0 overruns:0 frame:0
          TX packets:5501 errors:0 dropped:0 overruns:0 carrier:0
          collisions:0 txqueuelen:1000 
          RX bytes:5421739 (5.1 MiB)  TX bytes:743192 (725.7 KiB)

eth1      Link encap:Ethernet  HWaddr 00:0C:29:BF:B7:1B  
          inet6 addr: fe80::20c:29ff:febf:b71b/64 Scope:Link
          UP BROADCAST RUNNING MULTICAST  MTU:1500  Metric:1
          RX packets:25 errors:0 dropped:0 overruns:0 frame:0
          TX packets:3 errors:0 dropped:0 overruns:0 carrier:0
          collisions:0 txqueuelen:1000 
          RX bytes:3210 (3.1 KiB)  TX bytes:258 (258.0 b)

lo        Link encap:Local Loopback  
          inet addr:127.0.0.1  Mask:255.0.0.0
          inet6 addr: ::1/128 Scope:Host
          UP LOOPBACK RUNNING  MTU:65536  Metric:1
          RX packets:24 errors:0 dropped:0 overruns:0 frame:0
          TX packets:24 errors:0 dropped:0 overruns:0 carrier:0
          collisions:0 txqueuelen:0 
          RX bytes:2407 (2.3 KiB)  TX bytes:2407 (2.3 KiB)

问题一：使用ip访问，如果未能显示是因为服务器防火墙未关闭
在这里插入图片描述

查看防火墙状态：service iptables status 
关闭防火墙：service iptables stop
打开防火墙：service iptables start

问题二：查看nginx实际调用的配置文件（如果服务器中存在多个nginx.conf文件，我们并不知道实际上调用的是哪个配置文件，因此我们必须找到实际调用的配置文件才能进行修改）
1.查看nginx路径

[root@localhost nginx]# ps aux|grep nginx
root      20892  0.0  0.0  42468  1076 ?        Ss   09:34   0:00 nginx: master process /usr/local/webserver/nginx/sbin/nginx
www       20893  0.0  1.4  68580 27688 ?        S    09:34   0:00 nginx: worker process                
www       20894  0.0  1.4  68580 27448 ?        S    09:34   0:00 nginx: worker process                
root      32791  0.0  0.0 103324   856 pts/1    S+   10:28   0:00 grep nginx

nginx的路径为：/usr/local/webserver/nginx/sbin/nginx
2.查看nginx配置文件路径
使用nginx的 -t 参数进行配置检查，即可知道实际调用的配置文件路径及是否调用有效。

[root@localhost nginx]# /usr/local/webserver/nginx/sbin/nginx -t
nginx: the configuration file /usr/local/webserver/nginx/conf/nginx.conf syntax is ok
nginx: configuration file /usr/local/webserver/nginx/conf/nginx.conf test is successful

测试可知，nginx的配置文件路径为： /usr/local/webserver/nginx/conf/nginx.conf 且调用有效。

问题三：ps aux|grep nginx命令出现nginx安装目录 -c nginx.conf配置文件目录

[root@localhost nginx]# ps aux|grep nginx
root     30186  0.0  0.0  46404  1176 ?        Ss   Feb18   0:00 nginx: master process **/usr/sbin/nginx -c /etc/nginx/nginx.conf**
root     30187  0.0  0.0  46936  2596 ?        S    Feb18   0:00 nginx: worker process
root     31744  0.0  0.0 112704   972 pts/0    S+   10:34   0:00 grep --color=auto nginx

参数 “-c” 指定了配置文件的路径，如果不加 “-c” 参数，Nginx 会默认加载其安装目录的 conf 子目录中的 nginx.conf 文件。