signature hdr data: BAD, no. of bytes(13828) out of range报错解决办法

一、情景

在Centos8中使用yum/dnf安装相关包时发生如下类似报错：

error: /var/cache/dnf/base-82351eca59c28538/packages/tar-1.30-9.el8.x86_64.rpm: signature hdr data: BAD, no. of bytes(13828) out of range
The downloaded packages were saved in cache until the next successful transaction.
You can remove cached packages by executing 'dnf clean packages'.
Error: error reading package header: '/var/cache/dnf/base-82351eca59c28538/packages/tar-1.30-9.el8.x86_64.rpm'

二、踩过的坑

网上的方法试过很多，下面的都不行：

1. 更新rpm：yum update rpm/dnf update rpm
2. 修改源CentOS-Base.repo，gpgcheck=0
3. 在安装命令后增加选项：–nogpgcheck
4. 清缓存，更新包仓库
   sudo dnf clean packages
   sudo dnf makecache
   …

总结：
出现这个错误提示就是因为rpm包的版本太低导致的，问题是使用yum或者dnf安装的时候是要用到原始的rpm的，所以这里升级rpm自己也是报相同的错误

三、解决方法

不要使用yum/dnf升级rpm，先下载相关包再手动升级

1. 需要下载的包：
rpm-4.14.3-26.el8.x86_64.rpm
rpm-libs-4.14.3-26.el8.x86_64.rpm
rpm-build-libs-4.14.3-26.el8.x86_64.rpm
python3-rpm-4.14.3-26.el8.x86_64.rpm
rpm-plugin-selinux-4.14.3-26.el8.x86_64.rpm
rpm-plugin-systemd-inhibit-4.14.3-26.el8.x86_64.rpm
ima-evm-utils-1.3.2-12.el8.x86_64.rpm
elfutils-libs-0.189-3.el8.x86_64.rpm
elfutils-libelf-0.189-3.el8.x86_64.rpm
elfutils-libelf-devel-0.189-3.el8.x86_64.rpm
tpm2-tss-2.3.2-3.el8.x86_64.rpm

执行命令：

wget http://mirror.centos.org/centos/8-stream/BaseOS/x86_64/os/Packages/rpm-4.14.3-26.el8.x86_64.rpm
wget http://mirror.centos.org/centos/8-stream/BaseOS/x86_64/os/Packages/rpm-libs-4.14.3-26.el8.x86_64.rpm
wget http://mirror.centos.org/centos/8-stream/BaseOS/x86_64/os/Packages/rpm-build-libs-4.14.3-26.el8.x86_64.rpm
wget http://mirror.centos.org/centos/8-stream/BaseOS/x86_64/os/Packages/python3-rpm-4.14.3-26.el8.x86_64.rpm
wget http://mirror.centos.org/centos/8-stream/BaseOS/x86_64/os/Packages/rpm-plugin-selinux-4.14.3-26.el8.x86_64.rpm
wget http://mirror.centos.org/centos/8-stream/BaseOS/x86_64/os/Packages/rpm-plugin-systemd-inhibit-4.14.3-26.el8.x86_64.rpm
wget http://mirror.centos.org/centos/8-stream/BaseOS/x86_64/os/Packages/ima-evm-utils-1.3.2-12.el8.x86_64.rpm
wget http://mirror.centos.org/centos/8-stream/BaseOS/x86_64/os/Packages/elfutils-libs-0.189-3.el8.x86_64.rpm
wget http://mirror.centos.org/centos/8-stream/BaseOS/x86_64/os/Packages/elfutils-libelf-0.189-3.el8.x86_64.rpm
wget http://mirror.centos.org/centos/8-stream/BaseOS/x86_64/os/Packages/elfutils-libelf-devel-0.189-3.el8.x86_64.rpm
wget http://mirror.centos.org/centos/8-stream/BaseOS/x86_64/os/Packages/tpm2-tss-2.3.2-3.el8.x86_64.rpm

2. 执行代码升级

rpm -Uvh --noverify --noplugins --nodigest --nosignature rpm-4.14.3-26.el8.x86_64.rpm rpm-libs-4.14.3-26.el8.x86_64.rpm rpm-build-libs-4.14.3-26.el8.x86_64.rpm python3-rpm-4.14.3-26.el8.x86_64.rpm rpm-plugin-selinux-4.14.3-26.el8.x86_64.rpm rpm-plugin-systemd-inhibit-4.14.3-26.el8.x86_64.rpm ima-evm-utils-1.3.2-12.el8.x86_64.rpm elfutils-libs-0.189-3.el8.x86_64.rpm elfutils-libelf-0.189-3.el8.x86_64.rpm elfutils-libelf-devel-0.189-3.el8.x86_64.rpm tpm2-tss-2.3.2-3.el8.x86_64.rpm

3. 相关依赖
在执行步骤2时可能会因为没有相关依赖报错，安装依赖

sudo dnf install libzstd
sudo dnf install pkgconf-pkg-config
sudo dnf install libzstd-devel
sudo dnf install zlib-devel

如果还有缺少其他依赖报错，依次解决即可

4. 其他
确保步骤1中的包全部安装好后，重新执行最开始使用yum/dnf安装相关包，问题解决

感谢：
https://mowblog.com/centos8%E5%8D%87%E7%BA%A7%E8%87%B3centos8-stream/