【数据结构】中的二叉搜索树-BinarySearchTree

二叉查找树(Binary Search Tree),(又:二叉搜索树,二叉排序树)它或者是一棵空树,或者是具有下列性质的二叉树: 若它的左子树不空,则左子树上所有结点的值均小于它的根结点的值; 若它的右子树不空,则右子树上所有结点的值均大于它的根结点的值; 它的左、右子树也分别为二叉排序树

二叉搜索树的性质
1. 每个节点都有一个作为搜索依据的关键码(key),所有节点的关键码互不相同。
2. 左子树上所有节点的关键码(key)都小于根节点的关键码(key)。
3. 右子树上所有节点的关键码(key)都大于根节点的关键码(key)。
4. 左右子树都是二叉搜索树。

接下来实现一下二叉搜索树:

二叉搜索树的插入:

非递归实现:

bool Insert(const T& k)
	{
		if (_root == NULL)
		{
			return true;
		}
		Node* cur = _root;
		Node* parent = cur;

		while (cur)
		{
			parent = cur;
			if (cur->_key < k)
			{
				cur = cur->_right;
			}
			else if (cur->_key>k)
			{
				cur = cur->_left;
			}
			else
			{
				return false;
			}
		}
		if (parent->_key > k)
		{
			parent->_left = new Node(k);
		}
		else if (parent->_key < k)
		{
			parent->_right = new Node(K);
		}
		return true;
	}

递归实现:

bool InsertR(const T& k)
	{
		return _InsertR(_root, k);
	}
bool _InsertR(Node* root, const T& k)
	{
		if (root == NULL)
		{
			root = new Node(k);
			return true;
		}
		if (root->_key > k)
		{
			return _InsertR(root->_left, k);
		}
		else if (root->_key < k)
		{
			return _InsertR(root->_right, k);
		}
		else
		{
			return false;
		}
	}

二叉搜索树的查找:

非递归实现:

Node* Find(const T& k)
	{
		Node* cur = _root;
		while (cur)
		{
			if (cur->_key > k)
			{
				cur = cur->_left;
			}

			else if (cur->_key < k)
			{
				cur = cur->_right;
			}
			else
			{
				return cur;
			}
		}
		return NULL;
	}

递归实现:

Node* FindR(const T& k)
	{
		return _FindR(_root, k);
	}
void _FindR(Node* root, const T& k)
	{
		if (root == NULL)
		{
			return NULL;
		}
		if (root->_key < k)
		{
			return _FindR(root->_right, k);
		}
		else if (root->_key > k)
		{
			return _FindR(root->_left, k);
		}
		else
		{
			return root;
		}
	}

二叉搜索树的删除:

非递归实现:

bool Remove(const T& k)
	{
		Node* cur = _root;
		Node* parent = NULL;
		Node* del = cur;


		while (cur)
		{
			if (cur->_key < k)
			{
				parent = cur;
				cur = cur->_right;
			}
			else if (cur->_key>k)
			{
				parent = cur;
				cur = cur->_left;
			}
			else
			{
				break;
			}
		}
		if (cur == NULL)
		{
			return false;
		}
		if (cur->_left == NULL)
		{
			del = cur;
			if (cur == _root)
			{
				_root = cur->_right;
			}
			else if (cur == parent->_left)
			{
				parent->_left = cur->_right;
			}
			else
			{
				parent->_right = cur->_right;
			}
		}

		else if (cur->_right == NULL)
		{
			del = cur;
			if (cur == parent->_left)
			{
				_root = cur->_right;
			}
			else if (cur = parent->_right)
			{
				parent->_key = cur->_left;
			}
			else
			{
				parent->_right = cur->_right;
			}
		}

		else
		{
			Node* subleft = NULL;

			subleft = cur->_right;
			parent = cur;
			while (subleft->_left)
			{
				parent = cur;
				subleft = subleft->_left;
			}
			cur->_key = subleft->_key;

			if (parent->_left == subleft)
			{
				parent->_left = subleft->_right;
			}
			else if (parent->_right == subleft)
			{
				parent->_right = subleft->_right;
			}
			del = subleft;
		}
		delete del;
		del = NULL;
		return true;
	}

递归实现:

bool RemoveR(const T& k)
	{
		return _RemoveR(_root, k);
	}
bool _RemoveR(Node* root, const T& k)
	{
		if (root == NULL)
		{
			return false;
		}
		Node* del = NULL;
		if (root->_key < k)
		{
			return _RemoveR(root->_right, k);
		}
		else if (root->_key>k)
		{
			return _RemoveR(root->_right, k);
		}
		else
		{
			if (root->_left == NULL)
			{
				del = root;
				root = root->_right;
			}
			else if (root->_right == NULL)
			{
				del = root;
				root = root->_left;
			}
			else
			{
				Node* subleft = root->_right;
				Node* parent = root;

				while (subleft->_left)
				{
					subleft = subleft->_left;
					parent = subleft;
				}
				if (parent->_left == subleft)
				{
					parent->_left = subleft->_right;
				}
				else
				{
					parent->_right = subleft->_right;
				}
				
			}
			delete del;
			del = NULL;
		}
	}      

下面是完整的代码:

#include<iostream>
using namespace std;

#include<assert.h>

template<class T>
struct SearchBinaryTreeNode
{
	SearchBinaryTreeNode<T>* _left;
	SearchBinaryTreeNode<T>* _right;

	T _key;

	SearchBinaryTreeNode(const T& k)
		:_left(NULL)
		,_right(NULL)
		,_key(k)
	{}
};

template<class T>
class SearchBinaryTree
{
	typedef SearchBinaryTreeNode<T> Node;

public:
	SearchBinaryTree()
		:_root(NULL)
	{
	}

	~SearchBinaryTree()
	{
		_Destory(_root);
		_root = NULL;
	}

	//插入任意数字
	bool Insert(const T& k)
	{
		if (_root == NULL)
		{
			return true;
		}
		Node* cur = _root;
		Node* parent = cur;

		while (cur)
		{
			parent = cur;
			if (cur->_key < k)
			{
				cur = cur->_right;
			}
			else if (cur->_key>k)
			{
				cur = cur->_left;
			}
			else
			{
				return false;
			}
		}
		if (parent->_key > k)
		{
			parent->_left = new Node(k);
		}
		else if (parent->_key < k)
		{
			parent->_right = new Node(K);
		}
		return true;
	}

	//查找任意数字
	Node* Find(const T& k)
	{
		Node* cur = _root;
		while (cur)
		{
			if (cur->_key > k)
			{
				cur = cur->_left;
			}

			else if (cur->_key < k)
			{
				cur = cur->_right;
			}
			else
			{
				return cur;
			}
		}
		return NULL;
	}



	//删除一个节点
	bool Remove(const T& k)
	{
		Node* cur = _root;
		Node* parent = NULL;
		Node* del = cur;


		while (cur)
		{
			if (cur->_key < k)
			{
				parent = cur;
				cur = cur->_right;
			}
			else if (cur->_key>k)
			{
				parent = cur;
				cur = cur->_left;
			}
			else
			{
				break;
			}
		}
		if (cur == NULL)
		{
			return false;
		}
		if (cur->_left == NULL)
		{
			del = cur;
			if (cur == _root)
			{
				_root = cur->_right;
			}
			else if (cur == parent->_left)
			{
				parent->_left = cur->_right;
			}
			else
			{
				parent->_right = cur->_right;
			}
		}

		else if (cur->_right == NULL)
		{
			del = cur;
			if (cur == parent->_left)
			{
				_root = cur->_right;
			}
			else if (cur = parent->_right)
			{
				parent->_key = cur->_left;
			}
			else
			{
				parent->_right = cur->_right;
			}
		}

		else
		{
			Node* subleft = NULL;

			subleft = cur->_right;
			parent = cur;
			while (subleft->_left)
			{
				parent = cur;
				subleft = subleft->_left;
			}
			cur->_key = subleft->_key;

			if (parent->_left == subleft)
			{
				parent->_left = subleft->_right;
			}
			else if (parent->_right == subleft)
			{
				parent->_right = subleft->_right;
			}
			del = subleft;
		}
		delete del;
		del = NULL;
		return true;
	}

	//查找一个数字
	Node* FindR(const T& k)
	{
		return _FindR(_root, k);
	}
	void InOrder()
	{
		_InOrder(_root);
		cout << endl;
	}
	//插入一个数字
	bool InsertR(const T& k)
	{
		return _InsertR(_root, k);
	}
	
	//删除一个数字
	bool RemoveR(const T& k)
	{
		return _RemoveR(_root, k);
	}

protected:
	//销毁
	void _Destory(Node* root)
	{
		if (root == NULL)
		{
			return;
		}
		_Destory(root->_left);
		_Destory(root->_right);
	}

	//查找
	void _FindR(Node* root, const T& k)
	{
		if (root == NULL)
		{
			return NULL;
		}
		if (root->_key < k)
		{
			return _FindR(root->_right, k);
		}
		else if (root->_key > k)
		{
			return _FindR(root->_left, k);
		}
		else
		{
			return root;
		}
	}

	//递归法插入一个数据
	bool _InsertR(Node* root, const T& k)
	{
		if (root == NULL)
		{
			root = new Node(k);
			return true;
		}
		if (root->_key > k)
		{
			return _InsertR(root->_left, k);
		}
		else if (root->_key < k)
		{
			return _InsertR(root->_right, k);
		}
		else
		{
			return false;
		}
	}

	//删除一个数字
	bool _RemoveR(Node* root, const T& k)
	{
		if (root == NULL)
		{
			return false;
		}
		Node* del = NULL;
		if (root->_key < k)
		{
			return _RemoveR(root->_right, k);
		}
		else if (root->_key>k)
		{
			return _RemoveR(root->_right, k);
		}
		else
		{
			if (root->_left == NULL)
			{
				del = root;
				root = root->_right;
			}
			else if (root->_right == NULL)
			{
				del = root;
				root = root->_left;
			}
			else
			{
				Node* subleft = root->_right;
				Node* parent = root;

				while (subleft->_left)
				{
					subleft = subleft->_left;
					parent = subleft;
				}
				if (parent->_left == subleft)
				{
					parent->_left = subleft->_right;
				}
				else
				{
					parent->_right = subleft->_right;
				}
				
			}
			delete del;
			del = NULL;
		}
	}

	void _InOrder(Node* root)
	{
		if (root == NULL)
		{
			return;
		}
		_InOrder(root->_left);
		cout << root->_key << " ";
		_InOrder(root->_right);
	}

protected:
	Node* _root;
};


void Test()
{
	int arr[] = { 2, 4, 6, 8, 3, 5, 7, 9, 0 };
	SearchBinaryTree<int> s;

	for (size_t i = 0; i < sizeof(arr) / sizeof(arr[0]); i++)
	{
		s.InsertR(arr[i]);
	}
	s.InOrder();
	s.RemoveR(4);
	s.RemoveR(8);
	s.RemoveR(10);
	s.RemoveR(11);
	s.RemoveR(15);

	s.InOrder();

	s.RemoveR(4);
	s.RemoveR(5);
	s.RemoveR(10);
	s.RemoveR(11);
	s.RemoveR(15);


}

int main()
{
	Test();
	system("pause");
	return 0;
}










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