GenericServlet与HttpServlet总结

javax.servlet.GenericServlet抽象类有以下三个特点;

1.将init方法中的ServletConfig赋给一个类级变量，以便可以通过调用getServletConfig获取。

2.为Servlet接口中的所有方法提供默认的实现。

3.提供方法，包围ServletConfig中的方法。

GenericServlet要被继承使用，可以通过重写init函数实现父类的初始化。当子类重写了无参的init时，父类在执行有参init时也会调用无参的init，相当于子类初始化。

@Override
    public void init(ServletConfig config) throws ServletException {
        this.config = config;
        this.init();
    }
	public void init() throws ServletException {
        // NOOP by default
	}

javax.servlet.http.HttpServlet继承于GenericServlet类。在HttpServlet中有两个特性是GenericServlet所不具备的。
1.不用覆盖Service方法，而是覆盖doGet方法或者doPost，或者覆盖doGet和doPost。在少数情况下，还会覆盖以下的任意方法：doHead、doPut、doTrace、doOptions和doDelete。
2.使用HttpServletRequest和HttpServletResponse，而不是ServletRequest和ServletResponse。
HttpServlet的service的源码是：

@Override
    public void service(ServletRequest req, ServletResponse res)
        throws ServletException, IOException {

        HttpServletRequest  request;
        HttpServletResponse response;

        try {
            request = (HttpServletRequest) req;
            response = (HttpServletResponse) res;
        } catch (ClassCastException e) {
            throw new ServletException("non-HTTP request or response");
        }
        service(request, response);
    }

protected void service(HttpServletRequest req, HttpServletResponse resp)
        throws ServletException, IOException {

        String method = req.getMethod();

        if (method.equals(METHOD_GET)) {
            long lastModified = getLastModified(req);
            if (lastModified == -1) {
                // servlet doesn't support if-modified-since, no reason
                // to go through further expensive logic
                doGet(req, resp);
            } else {
                long ifModifiedSince;
                try {
                    ifModifiedSince = req.getDateHeader(HEADER_IFMODSINCE);
                } catch (IllegalArgumentException iae) {
                    // Invalid date header - proceed as if none was set
                    ifModifiedSince = -1;
                }
                if (ifModifiedSince < (lastModified / 1000 * 1000)) {
                    // If the servlet mod time is later, call doGet()
                    // Round down to the nearest second for a proper compare
                    // A ifModifiedSince of -1 will always be less
                    maybeSetLastModified(resp, lastModified);
                    doGet(req, resp);
                } else {
                    resp.setStatus(HttpServletResponse.SC_NOT_MODIFIED);
                }
            }

        } else if (method.equals(METHOD_HEAD)) {
            long lastModified = getLastModified(req);
            maybeSetLastModified(resp, lastModified);
            doHead(req, resp);

        } else if (method.equals(METHOD_POST)) {
            doPost(req, resp);

        } else if (method.equals(METHOD_PUT)) {
            doPut(req, resp);

        } else if (method.equals(METHOD_DELETE)) {
            doDelete(req, resp);

        } else if (method.equals(METHOD_OPTIONS)) {
            doOptions(req,resp);

        } else if (method.equals(METHOD_TRACE)) {
            doTrace(req,resp);

        } else {
            //
            // Note that this means NO servlet supports whatever
            // method was requested, anywhere on this server.
            //

            String errMsg = lStrings.getString("http.method_not_implemented");
            Object[] errArgs = new Object[1];
            errArgs[0] = method;
            errMsg = MessageFormat.format(errMsg, errArgs);

            resp.sendError(HttpServletResponse.SC_NOT_IMPLEMENTED, errMsg);
        }
    }