Spring MVC + Hibernate + Maven: Crud操作示例

Alexey是一个在使用Java，TestNG 和Selenium的自动化WEB应用程序中有丰富经验的测试开发者。他如此的喜欢QA以至于在下班后他为初级QA工程师提供培训课程。

在这篇文章中我想介绍一个Spring MVC + Hibernate + Maven例子。这组技术主要涉及一些基础知识，我想在每一个必要的地方详细解释它。本篇话题范围以外的更多资源，我会提供链接方便你阅读。在文章的最后,我将发布一个GitHub的链接。

目标

示例web应用程序是基于Spring MVC, Hibernate, Maven的，界面是基于HTML的。这个应用程序将提供所有的CRUD操作：增删改查。和往常一样，我将使用Mysql作为我的数据库。这个应用程序将 把足球俱乐部相关的实体来作为示例，所以这个教程将会涉及运动领域。

准备

我需要在数据库中创建一个表，下面就是创建它的代码：

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CREATE TABLE `teams` ( `id` int (6) NOT NULL AUTO_INCREMENT, ` name ` varchar (40) NOT NULL , `rating` int (6) NOT NULL , PRIMARY KEY (`id`) ) ENGINE=InnoDB AUTO_INCREMENT=6 DEFAULT CHARSET=utf8;

这个表将在应用程序中用下面的类来表示：

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@Entity @Table (name= "teams" ) public class Team {        @Id      @GeneratedValue      private Integer id;        private String name;        private Integer rating;        public Integer getId() {          return id;      }      public void setId(Integer id) {          this .id = id;      }      public String getName() {          return name;      }      public void setName(String name) {          this .name = name;      }      public Integer getRating() {          return rating;      }      public void setRating(Integer rating) {          this .rating = rating;      }   }

然后我需要在IDE（我使用Eclipse）里面创建一个Maven项目。我将略过创建的详细过程，你可以查看它在我的关于Maven项目的创建的文章里,这是pom.xml文件的链接。首先最重要的一点就是WebAppConfig.java 文件，所以我开始吧：

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@Configuration @ComponentScan ( "com.sprhib" ) @EnableWebMvc @EnableTransactionManagement @PropertySource ( "classpath:application.properties" ) public class WebAppConfig {        private static final String PROPERTY_NAME_DATABASE_DRIVER = "db.driver" ;      private static final String PROPERTY_NAME_DATABASE_PASSWORD = "db.password" ;      private static final String PROPERTY_NAME_DATABASE_URL = "db.url" ;      private static final String PROPERTY_NAME_DATABASE_USERNAME = "db.username" ;        private static final String PROPERTY_NAME_HIBERNATE_DIALECT = "hibernate.dialect" ;      private static final String PROPERTY_NAME_HIBERNATE_SHOW_SQL = "hibernate.show_sql" ;      private static final String PROPERTY_NAME_ENTITYMANAGER_PACKAGES_TO_SCAN = "entitymanager.packages.to.scan" ;        @Resource      private Environment env;        @Bean      public DataSource dataSource() {          DriverManagerDataSource dataSource = new DriverManagerDataSource();            dataSource.setDriverClassName(env.getRequiredProperty(PROPERTY_NAME_DATABASE_DRIVER));          dataSource.setUrl(env.getRequiredProperty(PROPERTY_NAME_DATABASE_URL));          dataSource.setUsername(env.getRequiredProperty(PROPERTY_NAME_DATABASE_USERNAME));          dataSource.setPassword(env.getRequiredProperty(PROPERTY_NAME_DATABASE_PASSWORD));            return dataSource;      }        @Bean      public LocalSessionFactoryBean sessionFactory() {          LocalSessionFactoryBean sessionFactoryBean = new LocalSessionFactoryBean();          sessionFactoryBean.setDataSource(dataSource());          sessionFactoryBean.setPackagesToScan(env.getRequiredProperty( PROPERTY_NAME_ENTITYMANAGER_PACKAGES_TO_SCAN));          sessionFactoryBean.setHibernateProperties(hibProperties());          return sessionFactoryBean;      }        private Properties hibProperties() {          Properties properties = new Properties();          properties.put(PROPERTY_NAME_HIBERNATE_DIALECT, env.getRequiredProperty(PROPERTY_NAME_HIBERNATE_DIALECT));          properties.put(PROPERTY_NAME_HIBERNATE_SHOW_SQL, env.getRequiredProperty(PROPERTY_NAME_HIBERNATE_SHOW_SQL));          return properties;       }        @Bean      public HibernateTransactionManager transactionManager() {          HibernateTransactionManager transactionManager = new HibernateTransactionManager();          transactionManager.setSessionFactory(sessionFactory().getObject());          return transactionManager;      }        @Bean      public UrlBasedViewResolver setupViewResolver() {          UrlBasedViewResolver resolver = new UrlBasedViewResolver();          resolver.setPrefix( "/WEB-INF/pages/" );          resolver.setSuffix( ".jsp" );          resolver.setViewClass(JstlView. class );          return resolver;      }   }

在这个文件开头，你看见了注解@EnableTransactionManagement，它可以使Spring的注解驱动事务管理器生效工作。注 解@PropertySource(“classpath:application.properties”)定位属性文件所在的资源文件夹。注意着三个 beans:transactionManager, sessionFactory, dataSource,这些beans提供了事务管理。更多信息可以阅读我的关于Hibernate功能的文章。

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#DB properties: db.driver=com.mysql.jdbc.Driver db.url=jdbc:mysql: //localhost:3306/hibnatedb db.username=hibuser db.password=root   #Hibernate Configuration: hibernate.dialect=org.hibernate.dialect.MySQL5InnoDBDialect hibernate.show_sql= true entitymanager.packages.to.scan=com.sprhib.model

以上是我和项目有关的所有准备，接下来我将向你展示DAO层和Service层。

DAO层和Service层

下面是DAOs和Services接口和实现：

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public interface TeamDAO {        public void addTeam(Team team);      public void updateTeam(Team team);      public Team getTeam( int id);      public void deleteTeam( int id);      public List              getTeams();   }   @Repository public class TeamDAOImpl implements TeamDAO {        @Autowired      private SessionFactory sessionFactory;        private Session getCurrentSession() {          return sessionFactory.getCurrentSession();      }        public void addTeam(Team team) {          getCurrentSession().save(team);      }        public void updateTeam(Team team) {          Team teamToUpdate = getTeam(team.getId());          teamToUpdate.setName(team.getName());          teamToUpdate.setRating(team.getRating());          getCurrentSession().update(teamToUpdate);        }        public Team getTeam( int id) {          Team team = (Team) getCurrentSession().get(Team. class , id);          return team;      }        public void deleteTeam( int id) {          Team team = getTeam(id);          if (team != null )              getCurrentSession().delete(team);      }        @SuppressWarnings ( "unchecked" )      public List              getTeams() {          return getCurrentSession().createQuery( "from Team" ).list();      }   }

注解 @Repository 表明被注解的类是一个DAO

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public interface TeamService {        public void addTeam(Team team);      public void updateTeam(Team team);      public Team getTeam( int id);      public void deleteTeam( int id);      public List              getTeams();   }   @Service @Transactional public class TeamServiceImpl implements TeamService {        @Autowired      private TeamDAO teamDAO;        public void addTeam(Team team) {          teamDAO.addTeam(team);           }        public void updateTeam(Team team) {          teamDAO.updateTeam(team);      }        public Team getTeam( int id) {          return teamDAO.getTeam(id);      }        public void deleteTeam( int id) {          teamDAO.deleteTeam(id);      }        public List              getTeams() {          return teamDAO.getTeams();      }   }

注解@Service表明备注解的类是一个“Service”。注解@Transactional在一个方法或者是类上声明一个事务。

控制器和JSPs

现在我就要涵盖所有的 CRUD操作，这一章会有点长。我将从最基础的控制器开始，它负责主页：

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@Controller public class LinkController {        @RequestMapping (value= "/" )      public ModelAndView mainPage() {          return new ModelAndView( "home" );      }        @RequestMapping (value= "/index" )      public ModelAndView indexPage() {          return new ModelAndView( "home" );      }   }

它挺简单的，这是JSP文件：

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... <h1>Home page</h1> <p> ${message} <a href= "${pageContext.request.contextPath}/team/add.html" >Add new team</a> <a href= "${pageContext.request.contextPath}/team/list.html" >Team list</a> </p> ...

下面是这里是核心控制器,主要应用程序的控制器:

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@Controller public class TeamController {        @Autowired      private TeamService teamService;        @RequestMapping (value= "/team/add" )      public ModelAndView addTeamPage() {          ModelAndView modelAndView = new ModelAndView( "add-team-form" );          modelAndView.addObject( "team" , new Team());          return modelAndView;      }        @RequestMapping (value= "/team/add/process" )      public ModelAndView addingTeam( @ModelAttribute Team team) {            ModelAndView modelAndView = new ModelAndView( "home" );          teamService.addTeam(team);            String message = "Team was successfully added." ;          modelAndView.addObject( "message" , message);            return modelAndView;      }        @RequestMapping (value= "/team/list" )      public ModelAndView listOfTeams() {          ModelAndView modelAndView = new ModelAndView( "list-of-teams" );            List              teams = teamService.getTeams();          modelAndView.addObject( "teams" , teams);            return modelAndView;      }        @RequestMapping (value= "/team/edit/{id}" , method=RequestMethod.GET)      public ModelAndView editTeamPage( @PathVariable Integer id) {          ModelAndView modelAndView = new ModelAndView( "edit-team-form" );          Team team = teamService.getTeam(id);          modelAndView.addObject( "team" ,team);          return modelAndView;      }        @RequestMapping (value= "/team/edit/{id}" , method=RequestMethod.POST)      public ModelAndView edditingTeam( @ModelAttribute Team team, @PathVariable Integer id) {            ModelAndView modelAndView = new ModelAndView( "home" );            teamService.updateTeam(team);            String message = "Team was successfully edited." ;          modelAndView.addObject( "message" , message);            return modelAndView;      }        @RequestMapping (value= "/team/delete/{id}" , method=RequestMethod.GET)      public ModelAndView deleteTeam( @PathVariable Integer id) {          ModelAndView modelAndView = new ModelAndView( "home" );          teamService.deleteTeam(id);          String message = "Team was successfully deleted." ;          modelAndView.addObject( "message" , message);          return modelAndView;      }   }

基本上所有的方法和请求映射都是很清晰的。请注意editTeamPage() 和edditingTeam() 方法的@RequestMapping，对于不同的method属性包含不同的值。
现在我们来看看JSP页面:

“Add new team” 页面

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... <h1>Add team page</h1> <p>Here you can add a new team.</p> <form:form method= "POST" commandname= "team" action= "${pageContext.request.contextPath}/team/add/process.html" > <table> <tbody>      <tr>          <td>Name:</td>          <td><form:input path= "name" ></form:input></td>      </tr>      <tr>          <td>Rating:</td>          <td><form:input path= "rating" ></form:input></td>      </tr>      <tr>          <td><input value= "Add" type= "submit" ></td>          <td></td>      </tr> </tbody> </table> </form:form>   <p><a href= "${pageContext.request.contextPath}/index.html" >Home page</a></p> ...

“List of teams” 页面：

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... <h1>List of teams</h1> <p>Here you can see the list of the teams, edit them, remove or update.</p> <c:foreach var= "team" items= "${teams}" > </c:foreach><table border= "1px" cellpadding= "0" cellspacing= "0" > <thead> <tr> <th width= "10%" >id</th><th width= "15%" >name</th><th width= "10%" >rating</th><th width= "10%" >actions</th> </tr> </thead> <tbody> <tr>      <td>${team.id}</td>      <td>${team.name}</td>      <td>${team.rating}</td>      <td>      <a href= "${pageContext.request.contextPath}/team/edit/${team.id}.html" >Edit</a>      <a href= "${pageContext.request.contextPath}/team/delete/${team.id}.html" >Delete</a>      </td> </tr>   </tbody> </table>   <p><a href= "${pageContext.request.contextPath}/index.html" >Home page</a></p> ...

“Edit team” 页面：

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... <h1>Edit team page</h1> <p>Here you can edit the existing team.</p> <p>${message}</p> <form:form method= "POST" commandname= "team" action= "${pageContext.request.contextPath}/team/edit/${team.id}.html" > <table> <tbody>      <tr>          <td>Name:</td>          <td><form:input path= "name" ></form:input></td>      </tr>      <tr>          <td>Rating:</td>          <td><form:input path= "rating" ></form:input></td>      </tr>      <tr>          <td><input value= "Edit" type= "submit" ></td>          <td></td>      </tr> </tbody> </table> </form:form>   <p><a href= "${pageContext.request.contextPath}/index.html" >Home page</a></p> ...

“List of teams” 页面的效果：

总结

几个技术的整合通常不是一件简单的事情，所有如果要想成功就需要有耐心。在这篇文章中没有囊括所有的资源，你可以访问GitHub去查看哪些你感兴趣的类。

转载于:https://www.cnblogs.com/Lightning-Kid/p/3933771.html