老师布置了实验的任务–将C++代码写的银行管理系统改为Java版本的。在这个过程之中，产生了一些心得与体会：
1.最大的特点就是语法的不同，Java中有很多语法和C++不一样，需要细心的根据语境修改，又比如函数的调用，C++中直接使用floor()函数，使用#include头文件，而Java中使用Math.floor();语句。
又比如建立对象的方式不同，Java中是SavingsAccount sa0=new SavingsAccount(1, 21325302, 0.015);而C++中是SavingsAccount sa0(1, 21325302, 0.015)；即可。诸如此类的语法差异还有许多。
2.继承方式不同：Java中是单继承，而C++是多继承，这也就导致了纯虚函数与抽象函数的区别。
3.在这个过程之中遇到的最大的困难就是C++中"运算符重载"在Java中的实现，由于Java中没有“运算符重载”，只能通过相关函数来实现，有时候不知道代码中的哪些位置使用了·运算符重载，所以识别起来十分困难。
//4_9.cpp
#include <iostream>
#include <cmath>
using namespace std;
class SavingsAccount { //储蓄账户类
private:
int id; //账号
double balance; //余额
double rate; //存款的年利率
int lastDate; //上次变更余额的时期
double accumulation; //余额按日累加之和
//记录一笔帐，date为日期，amount为金额，desc为说明
void record(int date, double amount);
//获得到指定日期为止的存款金额按日累积值
double accumulate(int date) const {
return accumulation + balance * (date - lastDate);
}
public:
//构造函数
SavingsAccount(int date, int id, double rate);
int getId() { return id; }
double getBalance() { return balance; }
double getRate() { return rate; }
//存入现金
void deposit(int date, double amount);
//取出现金
void withdraw(int date, double amount);
//结算利息，每年1月1日调用一次该函数
void settle(int date);
//显示账户信息
void show();
};
//SavingsAccount类相关成员函数的实现
SavingsAccount::SavingsAccount(int date, int id, double rate)
: id(id), balance(0), rate(rate), lastDate(date), accumulation(0) {
cout << date << "\t#" << id << " is created" << endl;
}
void SavingsAccount::record(int date, double amount) {
accumulation = accumulate(date);
lastDate = date;
amount = floor(amount * 100 + 0.5) / 100; //保留小数点后两位
balance += amount;
cout << date << "\t#" << id << "\t" << amount << "\t" << balance << endl;
}
void SavingsAccount::deposit(int date, double amount) {
record(date, amount);
}
void SavingsAccount::withdraw(int date, double amount) {
if (amount > getBalance())
cout << "Error: not enough money" << endl;
else
record(date, -amount);
}
void SavingsAccount::settle(int date) {
double interest = accumulate(date) * rate / 365; //计算年息
if (interest != 0)
record(date, interest);
accumulation = 0;
}
void SavingsAccount::show() {
cout << "#" << id << "\tBalance: " << balance;
}
int main() {
//建立几个账户
SavingsAccount sa0(1, 21325302, 0.015);
SavingsAccount sa1(1, 58320212, 0.015);
//几笔账目
sa0.deposit(5, 5000);
sa1.deposit(25, 10000);
sa0.deposit(45, 5500);
sa1.withdraw(60, 4000);
//开户后第90天到了银行的计息日，结算所有账户的年息
sa0.settle(90);
sa1.settle(90);
//输出各个账户信息
sa0.show(); cout << endl;
sa1.show(); cout << endl;
return 0;
}
package SavingsAccount4_9;
public class SavingsAccount {
private int id; //账号
private double balance; //余额
private double rate; //存款的年利率
private int lastDate; //上次变更余额的时期
private double accumulation; //余额按日累加之和
//记录一笔帐，date为日期，amount为金额，desc为说明
private void record(int date, double amount) {
accumulation = accumulate(date);
lastDate = date;
amount = Math.floor(amount * 100 + 0.5) / 100; //保留小数点后两位,与C++调用floor不同，要加上Math
balance += amount;
//cout << date << "\t#" << id << "\t" << amount << "\t" << balance << endl;
System.out.println(date+"\t#"+id+"\t"+amount+"\t"+balance);
}
//获得到指定日期为止的存款金额按日累积值
private final double accumulate(int date) { //此处的const改为了final
return accumulation + balance * (date - lastDate);
}
//构造函数
SavingsAccount(int date, int id, double rate) {
this.id=id;
balance=0;
this.rate=rate;
lastDate=date;
accumulation=0;
System.out.println(date+"\t#"+id+"is created");
}
public int getId() { return id; }
public double getBalance() { return balance; }
public double getRate() { return rate; }
//存入现金
public void deposit(int date, double amount) {
record(date, amount);
}
//取出现金
public void withdraw(int date, double amount) {
if (amount > getBalance())
System.out.println("Error: not enough money");//输出方式有差异
else
record(date, -amount);
}
//结算利息，每年1月1日调用一次该函数
public void settle(int date) {
double interest = accumulate(date) * rate / 365; //计算年息
if (interest != 0)
record(date, interest);
accumulation = 0;
}
//显示账户信息
public void show() {
System.out.println("#"+id+"\tBalance:"+balance);
}
public static void main(String[] args) {
//建立几个账户
SavingsAccount sa0=new SavingsAccount(1, 21325302, 0.015);//amount cannot be resolved to a variable
SavingsAccount sa1=new SavingsAccount(1, 58320212, 0.015);
//几笔账目
sa0.deposit(5, 5000);
sa1.deposit(25, 10000);
sa0.deposit(45, 5500);
sa1.withdraw(60, 4000);
//开户后第90天到了银行的计息日，结算所有账户的年息
sa0.settle(90);
sa1.settle(90);
//输出各个账户信息
sa0.show();
System.out.println("");
sa1.show();
System.out.println("");
}
}
以上两段代码的运行结果为
1 #21325302 is created
1 #58320212 is created
5 #21325302 5000 5000
25 #58320212 10000 10000
45 #21325302 5500 10500
60 #58320212 -4000 6000
90 #21325302 27.64 10527.6
90 #58320212 21.78 6021.78
#21325302 Balance: 10527.6
#58320212 Balance: 6021.78
在将例4_9的C++版本代码改为Java版本的代码之中需要注意的点如下：
1.Java中的方法不能写在类之外，而C++可以。
2.Java中表示常量使用关键字final，这和C++中使用const不同。
3.Java中的输出语法使用System.out.print();语句，而C++中主要使用的是cout语句。
4.建立一个SavingsAccount类的对象时，C++的语法是
SavingsAccount sa0(1, 21325302, 0.015);
SavingsAccount sa1(1, 58320212, 0.015);
Java不能通过这样来建立一个新对象，必须使用new语句。
SavingsAccount sa0=new SavingsAccount(1, 21325302, 0.015);
SavingsAccount sa1=new SavingsAccount(1, 58320212, 0.015);
5.main()语句不同，C++版本int main(){}，Java版本public static void main(String[] args) {}。
6.库函数使用方式不同。C++中的floor函数需要
#include <cmath>
//...
amount = floor(amount * 100 + 0.5) / 100; //保留小数点后两位
//...
而Java
amount = Math.floor(amount * 100 + 0.5) / 100;
//保留小数点后两位,与C++调用floor不同，要加上Math
// 5_11.cpp
#include <iostream>
#include <cmath>
using namespace std;
class SavingsAccount { //储蓄账户类
private:
int id; //账号
double balance; //余额
double rate; //存款的年利率
int lastDate; //上次变更余额的时期
double accumulation; //余额按日累加之和
static double total; //所有账户的总金额
//记录一笔帐，date为日期，amount为金额，desc为说明
void record(int date, double amount);
//获得到指定日期为止的存款金额按日累积值
double accumulate(int date) const {
return accumulation + balance * (date - lastDate);
}
public:
//构造函数
SavingsAccount(int date, int id, double rate);
int getId() const { return id; }
double getBalance() const { return balance; }
double getRate() const { return rate; }
static double getTotal() { return total; }
//存入现金
void deposit(int date, double amount);
//取出现金
void withdraw(int date, double amount);
//结算利息，每年1月1日调用一次该函数
void settle(int date);
//显示账户信息
void show() const;
};
double SavingsAccount::total = 0;
//SavingsAccount类相关成员函数的实现
SavingsAccount::SavingsAccount(int date, int id, double rate)
: id(id), balance(0), rate(rate), lastDate(date), accumulation(0) {
cout << date << "\t#" << id << " is created" << endl;
}
void SavingsAccount::record(int date, double amount) {
accumulation = accumulate(date);
lastDate = date;
amount = floor(amount * 100 + 0.5) / 100; //保留小数点后两位
balance += amount;
total += amount;
cout << date << "\t#" << id << "\t" << amount << "\t" << balance << endl;
}
void SavingsAccount::deposit(int date, double amount) {
record(date, amount);
}
void SavingsAccount::withdraw(int date, double amount) {
if (amount > getBalance())
cout << "Error: not enough money" << endl;
else
record(date, -amount);
}
void SavingsAccount::settle(int date) {
double interest = accumulate(date) * rate / 365; //计算年息
if (interest != 0)
record(date, interest);
accumulation = 0;
}
void SavingsAccount::show() const {
cout << "#" << id << "\tBalance: " << balance;
}
int main() {
//建立几个账户
SavingsAccount sa0(1, 21325302, 0.015);
SavingsAccount sa1(1, 58320212, 0.015);
//几笔账目
sa0.deposit(5, 5000);
sa1.deposit(25, 10000);
sa0.deposit(45, 5500);
sa1.withdraw(60, 4000);
//开户后第90天到了银行的计息日，结算所有账户的年息
sa0.settle(90);
sa1.settle(90);
//输出各个账户信息
sa0.show(); cout << endl;
sa1.show(); cout << endl;
cout << "Total: " << SavingsAccount::getTotal() << endl;
return 0;
}
package SavingsAccount5_11;
public class SavingsAccount {
//C++的全局变量total改为静态变量total，
//total表示所有账户的总金额
private static double total=0;
private int id; //账号
private double balance; //余额
private double rate; //存款的年利率
private int lastDate; //上次变更余额的时期
private double accumulation; //余额按日累加之和
//记录一笔帐，date为日期，amount为金额，desc为说明
private void record(int date, double amount) {
accumulation = accumulate(date);
lastDate = date;
amount = Math.floor(amount * 100 + 0.5) / 100; //保留小数点后两位,与C++调用floor不同，要加上Math
balance += amount;
total += amount;
//cout << date << "\t#" << id << "\t" << amount << "\t" << balance << endl;
System.out.println(date+"\t#"+id+"\t"+amount+"\t"+balance);
}
//获得到指定日期为止的存款金额按日累积值
private final double accumulate(int date) { //此处的const改为了final
return accumulation + balance * (date - lastDate);
}
//构造函数
SavingsAccount(int date, int id, double rate) {
this.id=id;
balance=0;
this.rate=rate;
lastDate=date;
accumulation=0;
System.out.println(date+"\t#"+id+"is created");
}
public final int getId() { return id; }
public final double getBalance() { return balance; }
public final double getRate() { return rate; }
public static double getTotal() { return total; }
//存入现金
public void deposit(int date, double amount) {
record(date, amount);
}
//取出现金
public void withdraw(int date, double amount) {
if (amount > getBalance())
System.out.println("Error: not enough money");//输出方式有差异
else
record(date, -amount);
}
//结算利息，每年1月1日调用一次该函数
public void settle(int date) {
double interest = accumulate(date) * rate / 365; //计算年息
if (interest != 0)
record(date, interest);
accumulation = 0;
}
//显示账户信息
public final void show() {
System.out.println("#"+id+"\tBalance:"+balance);
}
public static void main(String[] args) {
//建立几个账户
SavingsAccount sa0=new SavingsAccount(1, 21325302, 0.015);//amount cannot be resolved to a variable
SavingsAccount sa1=new SavingsAccount(1, 58320212, 0.015);
//几笔账目
sa0.deposit(5, 5000);
sa1.deposit(25, 10000);
sa0.deposit(45, 5500);
sa1.withdraw(60, 4000);
//开户后第90天到了银行的计息日，结算所有账户的年息
sa0.settle(90);
sa1.settle(90);
//输出各个账户信息
sa0.show();
System.out.println("");
sa1.show();
System.out.println("");
System.out.println("Total:"+SavingsAccount.getTotal());
}
}
例5_11的输出结果为
`
1 #21325302 is created
1 #58320212 is created
5 #21325302 5000 5000
25 #58320212 10000 10000
45 #21325302 5500 10500
60 #58320212 -4000 6000
90 #21325302 27.64 10527.6
90 #58320212 21.78 6021.78
#21325302 Balance: 10527.6
#58320212 Balance: 6021.78
Total: 16549.4`
在将例5_11的C++版本代码改为Java版本的代码之中需要注意的点如下
1.c++中调用相关的类方法使用SavingsAccount::getTotal()，而Java中使用SavingsAccount.getTotal()。
//6_25.cpp
#include <cmath>
#include <string>
#include <cstdlib>
#include <iostream>
using namespace std;
class Date { //日期类
private:
int year; //年
int month; //月
int day; //日
int totalDays; //该日期是从公元元年1月1日开始的第几天
public:
Date(int year, int month, int day); //用年、月、日构造日期
int getYear() const { return year; }
int getMonth() const { return month; }
int getDay() const { return day; }
int getMaxDay() const; //获得当月有多少天
bool isLeapYear() const { //判断当年是否为闰年
return year % 4 == 0 && year % 100 != 0 || year % 400 == 0;
}
void show() const; //输出当前日期
//计算两个日期之间差多少天
int distance(const Date& date) const {
return totalDays - date.totalDays;
}
};
namespace { //namespace使下面的定义只在当前文件中有效
//存储平年中某个月1日之前有多少天，为便于getMaxDay函数的实现，该数组多出一项
const int DAYS_BEFORE_MONTH[] = { 0, 31, 59, 90, 120, 151, 181, 212, 243, 273, 304, 334, 365 };
}
Date::Date(int year, int month, int day) : year(year), month(month), day(day) {
if (day <= 0 || day > getMaxDay()) {
cout << "Invalid date: ";
show();
cout << endl;
exit(1);
}
int years = year - 1;
totalDays = years * 365 + years / 4 - years / 100 + years / 400
+ DAYS_BEFORE_MONTH[month - 1] + day;
if (isLeapYear() && month > 2) totalDays++;
}
int Date::getMaxDay() const {
if (isLeapYear() && month == 2)
return 29;
else
return DAYS_BEFORE_MONTH[month]- DAYS_BEFORE_MONTH[month - 1];
}
void Date::show() const {
cout << getYear() << "-" << getMonth() << "-" << getDay();
}
class SavingsAccount { //储蓄账户类
private:
std::string id; //帐号
double balance; //余额
double rate; //存款的年利率
Date lastDate; //上次变更余额的时期
double accumulation; //余额按日累加之和
static double total; //所有账户的总金额
//记录一笔帐，date为日期，amount为金额，desc为说明
void record(const Date &date, double amount, const std::string &desc);
//报告错误信息
void error(const std::string &msg) const;
//获得到指定日期为止的存款金额按日累积值
double accumulate(const Date& date) const {
return accumulation + balance * date.distance(lastDate);
}
public:
//构造函数
SavingsAccount(const Date &date, const std::string &id, double rate);
const std::string &getId() const { return id; }
double getBalance() const { return balance; }
double getRate() const { return rate; }
static double getTotal() { return total; }
//存入现金
void deposit(const Date &date, double amount, const std::string &desc);
//取出现金
void withdraw(const Date &date, double amount, const std::string &desc);
//结算利息，每年1月1日调用一次该函数
void settle(const Date &date);
//显示账户信息
void show() const;
};
double SavingsAccount::total = 0;
//SavingsAccount类相关成员函数的实现
SavingsAccount::SavingsAccount(const Date &date, const string &id, double rate)
: id(id), balance(0), rate(rate), lastDate(date), accumulation(0) {
date.show();
cout << "\t#" << id << " created" << endl;
}
void SavingsAccount::record(const Date &date, double amount, const string &desc) {
accumulation = accumulate(date);
lastDate = date;
amount = floor(amount * 100 + 0.5) / 100; //保留小数点后两位
balance += amount;
total += amount;
date.show();
cout << "\t#" << id << "\t" << amount << "\t" << balance << "\t" << desc << endl;
}
void SavingsAccount::error(const string &msg) const {
cout << "Error(#" << id << "): " << msg << endl;
}
void SavingsAccount::deposit(const Date &date, double amount, const string &desc) {
record(date, amount, desc);
}
void SavingsAccount::withdraw(const Date &date, double amount, const string &desc) {
if (amount > getBalance())
error("not enough money");
else
record(date, -amount, desc);
}
void SavingsAccount::settle(const Date &date) {
double interest = accumulate(date) * rate //计算年息
/ date.distance(Date(date.getYear() - 1, 1, 1));
if (interest != 0)
record(date, interest, "interest");
accumulation = 0;
}
void SavingsAccount::show() const {
cout << id << "\tBalance: " << balance;
}
int main() {
Date date(2008, 11, 1); //起始日期
//建立几个账户
SavingsAccount accounts[] = {
SavingsAccount(date, "S3755217", 0.015),
SavingsAccount(date, "02342342", 0.015)
};
const int n = sizeof(accounts) / sizeof(SavingsAccount); //账户总数
//11月份的几笔账目
accounts[0].deposit(Date(2008, 11, 5), 5000, "salary");
accounts[1].deposit(Date(2008, 11, 25), 10000, "sell stock 0323");
//12月份的几笔账目
accounts[0].deposit(Date(2008, 12, 5), 5500, "salary");
accounts[1].withdraw(Date(2008, 12, 20), 4000, "buy a laptop");
//结算所有账户并输出各个账户信息
cout << endl;
for (int i = 0; i < n; i++) {
accounts[i].settle(Date(2009, 1, 1));
accounts[i].show();
cout << endl;
}
cout << "Total: " << SavingsAccount::getTotal() << endl;
return 0;
}
package SavingsAccount6_25;
class Date { //日期类
private int year; //年
private int month; //月
private int day; //日
private int totalDays; //该日期是从公元元年1月1日开始的第几天
private final int DAYS_BEFORE_MONTH[] = { 0, 31, 59, 90, 120, 151, 181, 212, 243, 273, 304, 334, 365 };
Date(int year, int month, int day) {
//用年、月、日构造日期
this.year=year;
this.month=month;
this.day=day;
if (day <= 0 || day > getMaxDay()) {
System.out.print("Invalid date: ");
show();
System.out.println("");
//wait(1);
}
int years = year - 1;
totalDays = years * 365 + years / 4 - years / 100 + years / 400
+ DAYS_BEFORE_MONTH[month - 1] + day;
if (isLeapYear() && month > 2) totalDays++;
}
public final int getYear() { return year; }
public final int getMonth() { return month; }
public final int getDay() { return day; }
public final int getMaxDay() {
//获得当月有多少天
if (isLeapYear() && month == 2)
return 29;
else
return DAYS_BEFORE_MONTH[month]- DAYS_BEFORE_MONTH[month - 1];
}
public final boolean isLeapYear() { //判断当年是否为闰年
return year % 4 == 0 && year % 100 != 0 || year % 400 == 0;
}
public final void show() {
//输出当前日期
System.out.print(getYear()+"-"+getMonth()+"-"+getDay());
}
//计算两个日期之间差多少天
public final int distance(final Date date) {
return totalDays - date.totalDays;
}
package SavingsAccount6_25;
public class SavingsAccount {
//储蓄账户类
private String id; //帐号
private double balance; //余额
private double rate; //存款的年利率
private Date lastDate; //上次变更余额的时期
private double accumulation; //余额按日累加之和
private static double total=0; //所有账户的总金额
//记录一笔帐，date为日期，amount为金额，desc为说明
private void record(final Date date, double amount, final String desc) {
accumulation = accumulate(date);
lastDate = date;
amount = Math.floor(amount * 100 + 0.5) / 100; //保留小数点后两位
balance += amount;
total += amount;
date.show();
System.out.println("\t#"+id+"\t"+amount+"\t"+balance+"\t"+desc);
}
//报告错误信息
private final void error(final String msg) {
System.out.println("Error(#"+id+"): "+msg);
}
//获得到指定日期为止的存款金额按日累积值
private final double accumulate(final Date date) {
return accumulation + balance * date.distance(lastDate);
}
//构造函数
SavingsAccount(final Date date, final String id, double rate){
this.id=id;
balance=0;
this.rate=rate;
lastDate=date;
accumulation=0;
date.show();
System.out.println("\t#"+id+" created");
}
public final String getId() { return id; }
public final double getBalance() { return balance; }
public final double getRate() { return rate; }
public static double getTotal() { return total; }
//存入现金
public void deposit(final Date date, double amount, final String desc) {
record(date, amount, desc);
}
//取出现金
public void withdraw(final Date date, double amount, final String desc) {
if (amount > getBalance())
error("not enough money");
else
record(date, -amount, desc);
}
//结算利息，每年1月1日调用一次该函数
public void settle(final Date date) {
double interest = accumulate(date) * rate / date.distance(new Date(date.getYear()-1, 1, 1));
//此处要传对象，与C++不同，不可直接调用Date的构造函数，
//即Date(date.getYear()-1, 1, 1)不可直接使用，要new一个对象
//计算年息
if (interest != 0)
record(date, interest," interest");
accumulation = 0;
}
//显示账户信息
public final void show() {
System.out.println(id+"\tBalance: "+balance);
}
public static void main(String[] args) {
Date date=new Date(2008, 11, 1); //起始日期
//建立几个账户
SavingsAccount accounts[] = {
new SavingsAccount(date, "S3755217", 0.015),
new SavingsAccount(date, "02342342", 0.015)
};
final int n = accounts.length; //账户总数
//11月份的几笔账目
accounts[0].deposit(new Date(2008, 11, 5), 5000, "salary");
accounts[1].deposit(new Date(2008, 11, 25), 10000, "sell stock 0323");
//12月份的几笔账目
accounts[0].deposit(new Date(2008, 12, 5), 5500, "salary");
accounts[1].withdraw(new Date(2008, 12, 20), 4000, "buy a laptop");
//结算所有账户并输出各个账户信息
System.out.println("");
for (int i = 0; i < n; i++) {
accounts[i].settle(new Date(2009, 1, 1));
accounts[i].show();
System.out.println("");
}
System.out.println("Total: "+SavingsAccount.getTotal());
}
运行结果
2008-11-1 #S3755217 created
2008-11-1 #02342342 created
2008-11-5 #S3755217 5000 5000 salary
2008-11-25 #02342342 10000 10000 sell stock 0323
2008-12-5 #S3755217 5500 10500 salary
2008-12-20 #02342342 -4000 6000 buy a laptop
2009-1-1 #S3755217 17.77 10517.8 interest
S3755217 Balance: 10517.8
2009-1-1 #02342342 13.2 6013.2 interest
02342342 Balance: 6013.2
Total: 16531
在将例6_25的C++版本代码改为Java版本的代码之中需要注意的点如下：
1.
namespace { //namespace使下面的定义只在当前文件中有效 //存储平年中某个月1日之前有多少天，为便于getMaxDay函数的实现，该数组多出一项 const int DAYS_BEFORE_MONTH[] = { 0, 31, 59, 90, 120, 151, 181, 212, 243, 273, 304, 334, 365 }; }
相当于Date类之中的
private final int DAYS_BEFORE_MONTH[] = { 0, 31, 59, 90, 120, 151, 181, 212, 243, 273, 304, 334, 365 };
2.返回类型
c++中的
bool isLeapYear() const { //判断当年是否为闰年
return year % 4 == 0 && year % 100 != 0 || year % 400 == 0;
}
Java中的
public final boolean isLeapYear() { //判断当年是否为闰年 return year % 4 == 0 && year % 100 != 0 || year % 400 == 0; }为boolean，而不是bool，Java中的boolean只能为true或false，不能为数字。
3.exit(1);改为
System.exit(1);
4.std::string id; //帐号改为String id;
5.Java中对象之间传递的是引用，故不需要C++中的&来取地址。
//7_10
#include <iostream>
#include <cstdlib>
#include<cmath>
using namespace std;
class Date { //日期类
private:
int year; //年
int month; //月
int day; //日
int totalDays; //该日期是从公元元年1月1日开始的第几天
public:
Date(int year, int month, int day); //用年、月、日构造日期
int getYear() const { return year; }
int getMonth() const { return month; }
int getDay() const { return day; }
int getMaxDay() const; //获得当月有多少天
bool isLeapYear() const { //判断当年是否为闰年
return year % 4 == 0 && year % 100 != 0 || year % 400 == 0;
}
void show() const; //输出当前日期
//计算两个日期之间差多少天
int distance(const Date& date) const {
return totalDays - date.totalDays;
}
};
namespace { //namespace使下面的定义只在当前文件中有效
//存储平年中某个月1日之前有多少天，为便于getMaxDay函数的实现，该数组多出一项
const int DAYS_BEFORE_MONTH[] = { 0, 31, 59, 90, 120, 151, 181, 212, 243, 273, 304, 334, 365 };
}
Date::Date(int year, int month, int day) : year(year), month(month), day(day) {
if (day <= 0 || day > getMaxDay()) {
cout << "Invalid date: ";
show();
cout << endl;
exit(1);
}
int years = year - 1;
totalDays = years * 365 + years / 4 - years / 100 + years / 400
+ DAYS_BEFORE_MONTH[month - 1] + day;
if (isLeapYear() && month > 2) totalDays++;
}
int Date::getMaxDay() const {
if (isLeapYear() && month == 2)
return 29;
else
return DAYS_BEFORE_MONTH[month]- DAYS_BEFORE_MONTH[month - 1];
}
void Date::show() const {
cout << getYear() << "-" << getMonth() << "-" << getDay();
}
class Accumulator { //将某个数值按日累加
private:
Date lastDate; //上次变更数值的时期
double value; //数值的当前值
double sum; //数值按日累加之和
public:
//构造函数，date为开始累加的日期，value为初始值
Accumulator(const Date &date, double value)
: lastDate(date), value(value), sum(0) { }
//获得到日期date的累加结果
double getSum(const Date &date) const {
return sum + value * date.distance(lastDate);
}
//在date将数值变更为value
void change(const Date &date, double value) {
sum = getSum(date);
lastDate = date;
this->value = value;
}
//初始化，将日期变为date，数值变为value，累加器清零
void reset(const Date &date, double value) {
lastDate = date;
this->value = value;
sum = 0;
}
};
class Account { //账户类
private:
std::string id; //帐号
double balance; //余额
static double total; //所有账户的总金额
protected:
//供派生类调用的构造函数，id为账户
Account(const Date &date, const std::string &id);
//记录一笔帐，date为日期，amount为金额，desc为说明
void record(const Date &date, double amount, const std::string &desc);
//报告错误信息
void error(const std::string &msg) const;
public:
const std::string &getId() const { return id; }
double getBalance() const { return balance; }
static double getTotal() { return total; }
//显示账户信息
void show() const;
};
class SavingsAccount : public Account { //储蓄账户类
private:
Accumulator acc; //辅助计算利息的累加器
double rate; //存款的年利率
public:
//构造函数
SavingsAccount(const Date &date, const std::string &id, double rate);
double getRate() const { return rate; }
//存入现金
void deposit(const Date &date, double amount, const std::string &desc);
//取出现金
void withdraw(const Date &date, double amount, const std::string &desc);
//结算利息，每年1月1日调用一次该函数
void settle(const Date &date);
};
class CreditAccount : public Account { //信用账户类
private:
Accumulator acc; //辅助计算利息的累加器
double credit; //信用额度
double rate; //欠款的日利率
double fee; //信用卡年费
double getDebt() const { //获得欠款额
double balance = getBalance();
return (balance < 0 ? balance : 0);
}
public:
//构造函数
CreditAccount(const Date &date, const std::string &id, double credit, double rate, double fee);
double getCredit() const { return credit; }
double getRate() const { return rate; }
double getFee() const { return fee; }
double getAvailableCredit() const { //获得可用信用
if (getBalance() < 0)
return credit + getBalance();
else
return credit;
}
//存入现金
void deposit(const Date &date, double amount, const std::string &desc);
//取出现金
void withdraw(const Date &date, double amount, const std::string &desc);
//结算利息和年费，每月1日调用一次该函数
void settle(const Date &date);
void show() const;
};
double Account::total = 0;
//Account类的实现
Account::Account(const Date &date, const string &id)
: id(id), balance(0) {
date.show();
cout << "\t#" << id << " created" << endl;
}
void Account::record(const Date &date, double amount, const string &desc) {
amount = floor(amount * 100 + 0.5) / 100; //保留小数点后两位
balance += amount;
total += amount;
date.show();
cout << "\t#" << id << "\t" << amount << "\t" << balance << "\t" << desc << endl;
}
void Account::show() const {
cout << id << "\tBalance: " << balance;
}
void Account::error(const string &msg) const {
cout << "Error(#" << id << "): " << msg << endl;
}
//SavingsAccount类相关成员函数的实现
SavingsAccount::SavingsAccount(const Date &date, const string &id, double rate)
: Account(date, id), rate(rate), acc(date, 0) { }
void SavingsAccount::deposit(const Date &date, double amount, const string &desc) {
record(date, amount, desc);
acc.change(date, getBalance());
}
void SavingsAccount::withdraw(const Date &date, double amount, const string &desc) {
if (amount > getBalance()) {
error("not enough money");
} else {
record(date, -amount, desc);
acc.change(date, getBalance());
}
}
void SavingsAccount::settle(const Date &date) {
double interest = acc.getSum(date) * rate //计算年息
/ date.distance(Date(date.getYear() - 1, 1, 1));
if (interest != 0)
record(date, interest, "interest");
acc.reset(date, getBalance());
}
//CreditAccount类相关成员函数的实现
CreditAccount::CreditAccount(const Date& date, const string& id, double credit, double rate, double fee)
: Account(date, id), credit(credit), rate(rate), fee(fee), acc(date, 0) { }
void CreditAccount::deposit(const Date &date, double amount, const string &desc) {
record(date, amount, desc);
acc.change(date, getDebt());
}
void CreditAccount::withdraw(const Date &date, double amount, const string &desc) {
if (amount - getBalance() > credit) {
error("not enough credit");
} else {
record(date, -amount, desc);
acc.change(date, getDebt());
}
}
void CreditAccount::settle(const Date &date) {
double interest = acc.getSum(date) * rate;
if (interest != 0)
record(date, interest, "interest");
if (date.getMonth() == 1)
record(date, -fee, "annual fee");
acc.reset(date, getDebt());
}
void CreditAccount::show() const {
Account::show();
cout << "\tAvailable credit:" << getAvailableCredit();
}
int main() {
Date date(2008, 11, 1); //起始日期
//建立几个账户
SavingsAccount sa1(date, "S3755217", 0.015);
SavingsAccount sa2(date, "02342342", 0.015);
CreditAccount ca(date, "C5392394", 10000, 0.0005, 50);
//11月份的几笔账目
sa1.deposit(Date(2008, 11, 5), 5000, "salary");
ca.withdraw(Date(2008, 11, 15), 2000, "buy a cell");
sa2.deposit(Date(2008, 11, 25), 10000, "sell stock 0323");
//结算信用卡
ca.settle(Date(2008, 12, 1));
//12月份的几笔账目
ca.deposit(Date(2008, 12, 1), 2016, "repay the credit");
sa1.deposit(Date(2008, 12, 5), 5500, "salary");
//结算所有账户
sa1.settle(Date(2009, 1, 1));
sa2.settle(Date(2009, 1, 1));
ca.settle(Date(2009, 1, 1));
//输出各个账户信息
cout << endl;
sa1.show(); cout << endl;
sa2.show(); cout << endl;
ca.show(); cout << endl;
cout << "Total: " << Account::getTotal() << endl;
return 0;
}
//Accumulator.java
package SavingsAccount7_10;
class Accumulator { //将某个数值按日累加
private Date lastDate; //上次变更数值的时期
private double value; //数值的当前值
private double sum; //数值按日累加之和
//构造函数，date为开始累加的日期，value为初始值
Accumulator(final Date date, double value){
this.lastDate=date;
this.value=value;
this.sum=0;
}
//获得到日期date的累加结果
final public double getSum(final Date date) {
return sum + value * date.distance(lastDate);
}
//在date将数值变更为value
public void change(final Date date, double value) {
sum = getSum(date);
lastDate = date;
this.value = value;
}
//初始化，将日期变为date，数值变为value，累加器清零
public void reset(final Date date, double value) {
lastDate = date;
this.value = value;
sum = 0;
}
}
//Account.java
package SavingsAccount7_10;
class Account { //账户类
private String id; //帐号
private double balance; //余额
private static double total=0; //所有账户的总金额
// private final Date date;
//供派生类调用的构造函数，id为账户
Account(final Date date, final String id) {
this.id=id;
this.balance=0;
date.show();
System.out.println("\t#"+id+" created");
}
//记录一笔帐，date为日期，amount为金额，desc为说明
protected void record(final Date date, double amount, final String desc) {
amount = Math.floor(amount * 100 + 0.5) / 100; //保留小数点后两位
balance += amount;
total += amount;
date.show();
System.out.println("\t#"+id+"\t"+amount+"\t"+balance+"\t"+desc);
}
//报告错误信息
protected void error(final String msg) {
System.out.println("Error(#"+id+"): "+msg);
}
public final String getId() { return id; }
public final double getBalance() { return balance; }
public static double getTotal() { return total; }
//显示账户信息
public void show() {
System.out.println(id+"\tBalance: "+balance);
}
}
//Date.java
package SavingsAccount7_10;
class Date { //日期类
private int year; //年
private int month; //月
private int day; //日
private int totalDays; //该日期是从公元元年1月1日开始的第几天
private final int DAYS_BEFORE_MONTH[] = { 0, 31, 59, 90, 120, 151, 181, 212, 243, 273, 304, 334, 365 };
Date(int year, int month, int day) {
//用年、月、日构造日期
this.year=year;
this.month=month;
this.day=day;
if (day <= 0 || day > getMaxDay()) {
System.out.println("Invalid date: ");
show();
System.out.println("");
//exit(1);
}
int years = year - 1;
totalDays = years * 365 + years / 4 - years / 100 + years / 400
+ DAYS_BEFORE_MONTH[month - 1] + day;
if (isLeapYear() && month > 2) totalDays++;
}
public final int getYear() { return year; }
public final int getMonth() { return month; }
public final int getDay() { return day; }
public final int getMaxDay() {
//获得当月有多少天
if (isLeapYear() && month == 2)
return 29;
else
return DAYS_BEFORE_MONTH[month]- DAYS_BEFORE_MONTH[month - 1];
}
public final boolean isLeapYear() { //判断当年是否为闰年
return year % 4 == 0 && year % 100 != 0 || year % 400 == 0;
}
public final void show() {
//输出当前日期
System.out.print(getYear()+"-"+getMonth()+"-"+getDay());
}
//计算两个日期之间差多少天
public final int distance(final Date date) {
return totalDays - date.totalDays;
}
}
//SavingsAccount.java
package SavingsAccount7_10;
public class SavingsAccount extends Account { //储蓄账户类
private Accumulator acc; //辅助计算利息的累加器
private double rate; //存款的年利率
//构造函数
SavingsAccount(final Date date, final String id, double rate) {
super(date,id);
this.rate=rate;
acc=new Accumulator(date,0);
}
public final double getRate() { return rate; }
//存入现金
public void deposit(final Date date, double amount, final String desc) {
record(date, amount, desc);
acc.change(date, getBalance());
}
//取出现金
public void withdraw(final Date date, double amount, final String desc) {
if (amount > getBalance()) {
error("not enough money");
} else {
record(date, -amount, desc);
acc.change(date, getBalance());
}
}
//结算利息，每年1月1日调用一次该函数
public void settle(final Date date) {
double interest = acc.getSum(date) * rate //计算年息
/ date.distance(new Date(date.getYear() - 1, 1, 1));
if (interest != 0)
record(date, interest, "interest");
acc.reset(date, getBalance());
}
public static void main(String[] args){
Date date=new Date(2008, 11, 1); //起始日期
//建立几个账户
SavingsAccount sa1=new SavingsAccount(date, "S3755217", 0.015);
SavingsAccount sa2=new SavingsAccount(date, "02342342", 0.015);
CreditAccount ca=new CreditAccount(date, "C5392394", 10000, 0.0005, 50);
//11月份的几笔账目
sa1.deposit(new Date(2008, 11, 5), 5000, "salary");
ca.withdraw(new Date(2008, 11, 15), 2000, "buy a cell");
sa2.deposit(new Date(2008, 11, 25), 10000, "sell stock 0323");
//结算信用卡
ca.settle(new Date(2008, 12, 1));
//12月份的几笔账目
ca.deposit(new Date(2008, 12, 1), 2016, "repay the credit");
sa1.deposit(new Date(2008, 12, 5), 5500, "salary");
//结算所有账户
sa1.settle(new Date(2009, 1, 1));
sa2.settle(new Date(2009, 1, 1));
ca.settle(new Date(2009, 1, 1));
//输出各个账户信息
System.out.println("");
sa1.show(); System.out.println("");
sa2.show(); System.out.println("");
ca.show(); System.out.println("");
System.out.println("Total: "+Account.getTotal());
}
}
class CreditAccount extends Account { //信用账户类
private Accumulator acc; //辅助计算利息的累加器
private double credit; //信用额度
private double rate; //欠款的日利率
private double fee; //信用卡年费
private final double getDebt() { //获得欠款额
double balance = getBalance();
return (balance < 0 ? balance : 0);
}
//构造函数
CreditAccount(final Date date, final String id, double credit, double rate, double fee) {
super(date, id);
this.credit=credit;
this.rate=rate;
this.fee=fee;
acc=new Accumulator(date, 0);
}
public final double getCredit(){ return credit; }
public final double getRate() { return rate; }
public final double getFee() { return fee; }
public final double getAvailableCredit() { //获得可用信用
if (getBalance() < 0)
return credit + getBalance();
else
return credit;
}
//存入现金
public void deposit(final Date date, double amount, final String desc) {
record(date, amount, desc);
acc.change(date, getDebt());
}
//取出现金
public void withdraw(final Date date, double amount, final String desc) {
if (amount - getBalance() > credit) {
error("not enough credit");
} else {
record(date, -amount, desc);
acc.change(date, getDebt());
}
}
//结算利息和年费，每月1日调用一次该函数
public void settle(final Date date) {
double interest = acc.getSum(date) * rate;
if (interest != 0)
record(date, interest, "interest");
if (date.getMonth() == 1)
record(date, -fee, "annual fee");
acc.reset(date, getDebt());
}
public final void show() {
super.show();
System.out.println("Available credit:"+getAvailableCredit());
}
}
运行结果：
2008-11-1 #S3755217 created
2008-11-1 #02342342 created
2008-11-1 #C5392394 created
2008-11-5 #S3755217 5000 5000 salary
2008-11-15 #C5392394 -2000 -2000 buy a cell
2008-11-25 #02342342 10000 10000 sell stock 0323
2008-12-1 #C5392394 -16 -2016 interest
2008-12-1 #C5392394 2016 0 repay the credit
2008-12-5 #S3755217 5500 10500 salary
2009-1-1 #S3755217 17.77 10517.8 interest
2009-1-1 #02342342 15.16 10015.2 interest
2009-1-1 #C5392394 -50 -50 annual fee
S3755217 Balance: 10517.8
02342342 Balance: 10015.2
C5392394 Balance: -50 Available credit:9950
Total: 20482.9
在将例7_11的C++版本代码改为Java版本的代码之中需要注意的点如下：
1.c++中指针访问使用this->value = value;，而Java中只用引用，没有指针，使用
this.value = value;
2.c++中有全局变量，但Java中没有，需要将变量的声明放在类内部。
3.c++中无名对象的传递
sa1.settle(Date(2009, 1, 1));
sa2.settle(Date(2009, 1, 1));
ca.settle(Date(2009, 1, 1));
``
Java中无名对象的传递需要使用
```cpp
sa1.settle(new Date(2009, 1, 1));
sa2.settle(new Date(2009, 1, 1));
ca.settle(new Date(2009, 1, 1));
，new之后才会产生对象。
例8_8代码：
#include <iostream>
#include <cstdlib>
#include<cmath>
using namespace std;
class Date { //日期类
private:
int year; //年
int month; //月
int day; //日
int totalDays; //该日期是从公元元年1月1日开始的第几天
public:
Date(int year, int month, int day); //用年、月、日构造日期
int getYear() const { return year; }
int getMonth() const { return month; }
int getDay() const { return day; }
int getMaxDay() const; //获得当月有多少天
bool isLeapYear() const { //判断当年是否为闰年
return year % 4 == 0 && year % 100 != 0 || year % 400 == 0;
}
void show() const; //输出当前日期
//计算两个日期之间差多少天
int operator - (const Date& date) const {
return totalDays - date.totalDays;
}
};
namespace { //namespace使下面的定义只在当前文件中有效
//存储平年中某个月1日之前有多少天，为便于getMaxDay函数的实现，该数组多出一项
const int DAYS_BEFORE_MONTH[] = { 0, 31, 59, 90, 120, 151, 181, 212, 243, 273, 304, 334, 365 };
}
Date::Date(int year, int month, int day) : year(year), month(month), day(day) {
if (day <= 0 || day > getMaxDay()) {
cout << "Invalid date: ";
show();
cout << endl;
exit(1);
}
int years = year - 1;
totalDays = years * 365 + years / 4 - years / 100 + years / 400
+ DAYS_BEFORE_MONTH[month - 1] + day;
if (isLeapYear() && month > 2) totalDays++;
}
int Date::getMaxDay() const {
if (isLeapYear() && month == 2)
return 29;
else
return DAYS_BEFORE_MONTH[month]- DAYS_BEFORE_MONTH[month - 1];
}
void Date::show() const {
cout << getYear() << "-" << getMonth() << "-" << getDay();
}
class Accumulator { //将某个数值按日累加
private:
Date lastDate; //上次变更数值的时期
double value; //数值的当前值
double sum; //数值按日累加之和
public:
//构造函数，date为开始累加的日期，value为初始值
Accumulator(const Date &date, double value)
: lastDate(date), value(value), sum(0) { }
//获得到日期date的累加结果
double getSum(const Date &date) const {
return sum + value * (date - lastDate);
}
//在date将数值变更为value
void change(const Date &date, double value) {
sum = getSum(date);
lastDate = date;
this->value = value;
}
//初始化，将日期变为date，数值变为value，累加器清零
void reset(const Date &date, double value) {
lastDate = date;
this->value = value;
sum = 0;
}
};
class Account { //账户类
private:
std::string id; //帐号
double balance; //余额
static double total; //所有账户的总金额
protected:
//供派生类调用的构造函数，id为账户
Account(const Date &date, const std::string &id);
//记录一笔帐，date为日期，amount为金额，desc为说明
void record(const Date &date, double amount, const std::string &desc);
//报告错误信息
void error(const std::string &msg) const;
public:
const std::string &getId() const { return id; }
double getBalance() const { return balance; }
static double getTotal() { return total; }
//存入现金，date为日期，amount为金额，desc为款项说明
virtual void deposit(const Date &date, double amount, const std::string &desc) = 0;
//取出现金，date为日期，amount为金额，desc为款项说明
virtual void withdraw(const Date &date, double amount, const std::string &desc) = 0;
//结算（计算利息、年费等），每月结算一次，date为结算日期
virtual void settle(const Date &date) = 0;
//显示账户信息
virtual void show() const;
};
class SavingsAccount : public Account { //储蓄账户类
private:
Accumulator acc; //辅助计算利息的累加器
double rate; //存款的年利率
public:
//构造函数
SavingsAccount(const Date &date, const std::string &id, double rate);
double getRate() const { return rate; }
virtual void deposit(const Date &date, double amount, const std::string &desc);
virtual void withdraw(const Date &date, double amount, const std::string &desc);
virtual void settle(const Date &date);
};
class CreditAccount : public Account { //信用账户类
private:
Accumulator acc; //辅助计算利息的累加器
double credit; //信用额度
double rate; //欠款的日利率
double fee; //信用卡年费
double getDebt() const { //获得欠款额
double balance = getBalance();
return (balance < 0 ? balance : 0);
}
public:
//构造函数
CreditAccount(const Date &date, const std::string &id, double credit, double rate, double fee);
double getCredit() const { return credit; }
double getRate() const { return rate; }
double getFee() const { return fee; }
double getAvailableCredit() const { //获得可用信用
if (getBalance() < 0)
return credit + getBalance();
else
return credit;
}
virtual void deposit(const Date &date, double amount, const std::string &desc);
virtual void withdraw(const Date &date, double amount, const std::string &desc);
virtual void settle(const Date &date);
virtual void show() const;
};
double Account::total = 0;
//Account类的实现
Account::Account(const Date &date, const string &id)
: id(id), balance(0) {
date.show();
cout << "\t#" << id << " created" << endl;
}
void Account::record(const Date &date, double amount, const string &desc) {
amount = floor(amount * 100 + 0.5) / 100; //保留小数点后两位
balance += amount;
total += amount;
date.show();
cout << "\t#" << id << "\t" << amount << "\t" << balance << "\t" << desc << endl;
}
void Account::show() const {
cout << id << "\tBalance: " << balance;
}
void Account::error(const string &msg) const {
cout << "Error(#" << id << "): " << msg << endl;
}
//SavingsAccount类相关成员函数的实现
SavingsAccount::SavingsAccount(const Date &date, const string &id, double rate)
: Account(date, id), rate(rate), acc(date, 0) { }
void SavingsAccount::deposit(const Date &date, double amount, const string &desc) {
record(date, amount, desc);
acc.change(date, getBalance());
}
void SavingsAccount::withdraw(const Date &date, double amount, const string &desc) {
if (amount > getBalance()) {
error("not enough money");
} else {
record(date, -amount, desc);
acc.change(date, getBalance());
}
}
void SavingsAccount::settle(const Date &date) {
if (date.getMonth() == 1) { //每年的一月计算一次利息
double interest = acc.getSum(date) * rate
/ (date - Date(date.getYear() - 1, 1, 1));
if (interest != 0)
record(date, interest, "interest");
acc.reset(date, getBalance());
}
}
//CreditAccount类相关成员函数的实现
CreditAccount::CreditAccount(const Date& date, const string& id, double credit, double rate, double fee)
: Account(date, id), credit(credit), rate(rate), fee(fee), acc(date, 0) { }
void CreditAccount::deposit(const Date &date, double amount, const string &desc) {
record(date, amount, desc);
acc.change(date, getDebt());
}
void CreditAccount::withdraw(const Date &date, double amount, const string &desc) {
if (amount - getBalance() > credit) {
error("not enough credit");
} else {
record(date, -amount, desc);
acc.change(date, getDebt());
}
}
void CreditAccount::settle(const Date &date) {
double interest = acc.getSum(date) * rate;
if (interest != 0)
record(date, interest, "interest");
if (date.getMonth() == 1)
record(date, -fee, "annual fee");
acc.reset(date, getDebt());
}
void CreditAccount::show() const {
Account::show();
cout << "\tAvailable credit:" << getAvailableCredit();
}
int main() {
Date date(2008, 11, 1); //起始日期
//建立几个账户
SavingsAccount sa1(date, "S3755217", 0.015);
SavingsAccount sa2(date, "02342342", 0.015);
CreditAccount ca(date, "C5392394", 10000, 0.0005, 50);
Account *accounts[] = { &sa1, &sa2, &ca };
const int n = sizeof(accounts) / sizeof(Account*); //账户总数
cout << "(d)deposit (w)withdraw (s)show (c)change day (n)next month (e)exit" << endl;
char cmd;
do {
//显示日期和总金额
date.show();
cout << "\tTotal: " << Account::getTotal() << "\tcommand> ";
int index, day;
double amount;
string desc;
cin >> cmd;
switch (cmd) {
case 'd': //存入现金
cin >> index >> amount;
getline(cin, desc);
accounts[index]->deposit(date, amount, desc);
break;
case 'w': //取出现金
cin >> index >> amount;
getline(cin, desc);
accounts[index]->withdraw(date, amount, desc);
break;
case 's': //查询各账户信息
for (int i = 0; i < n; i++) {
cout << "[" << i << "] ";
accounts[i]->show();
cout << endl;
}
break;
case 'c': //改变日期
cin >> day;
if (day < date.getDay())
cout << "You cannot specify a previous day";
else if (day > date.getMaxDay())
cout << "Invalid day";
else
date = Date(date.getYear(), date.getMonth(), day);
break;
case 'n': //进入下个月
if (date.getMonth() == 12)
date = Date(date.getYear() + 1, 1, 1);
else
date = Date(date.getYear(), date.getMonth() + 1, 1);
for (int i = 0; i < n; i++)
accounts[i]->settle(date);
break;
}
} while (cmd != 'e');
return 0;
}
package SavingsAccount8_8;
class Accumulator { //将某个数值按日累加
private Date lastDate; //上次变更数值的时期
private double value; //数值的当前值
private double sum; //数值按日累加之和
//构造函数，date为开始累加的日期，value为初始值
Accumulator(final Date date, double value){
this.lastDate=date;
this.value=value;
this.sum=0;
}
//获得到日期date的累加结果
final public double getSum(final Date date) {
return sum + value * date.distance(lastDate);
}
//在date将数值变更为value
public void change(final Date date, double value) {
sum = getSum(date);
lastDate = date;
this.value = value;
}
//初始化，将日期变为date，数值变为value，累加器清零
public void reset(final Date date, double value) {
lastDate = date;
this.value = value;
sum = 0;
}
};
package SavingsAccount8_8;
class Account { //账户类
private String id; //帐号
private double balance; //余额
private static double total=0; //所有账户的总金额
Account(final Date date, final String id) {
this.id=id;
this.balance=0;
date.show();
System.out.println("\t#"+id+" created");
}
//记录一笔帐，date为日期，amount为金额，desc为说明
protected void record(final Date date, double amount, final String desc) {
amount = Math.floor(amount * 100 + 0.5) / 100; //保留小数点后两位
balance += amount;
total += amount;
date.show();
System.out.println("\t#"+id+"\t"+amount+"\t"+balance+"\t"+desc);
}
//报告错误信息
protected void error(final String msg) {
System.out.println("Error(#"+id+"): "+msg);
}
public final String getId() { return id; }
public final double getBalance() { return balance; }
public static double getTotal() { return total; }
public void deposit(final Date date, double amount, final String desc) {
}
//取出现金，date为日期，amount为金额，desc为款项说明
public void withdraw(final Date date, double amount, final String desc) {
}
//结算（计算利息、年费等），每月结算一次，date为结算日期
public void settle(final Date date) {
}
//显示账户信息
//显示账户信息
public void show() {
System.out.println(id+"\tBalance: "+balance);
}
};
package SavingsAccount8_8;
class CreditAccount extends Account { //信用账户类
private Accumulator acc; //辅助计算利息的累加器
private double credit; //信用额度
private double rate; //欠款的日利率
private double fee; //信用卡年费
private final double getDebt() { //获得欠款额
double balance = getBalance();
return (balance < 0 ? balance : 0);
}
//构造函数
CreditAccount(final Date date, final String id, double credit, double rate, double fee) {
super(date, id);
this.credit=credit;
this.rate=rate;
this.fee=fee;
acc=new Accumulator(date, 0);
}
public final double getCredit(){ return credit; }
public final double getRate() { return rate; }
public final double getFee() { return fee; }
public final double getAvailableCredit() { //获得可用信用
if (getBalance() < 0)
return credit + getBalance();
else
return credit;
}
//存入现金
public void deposit(final Date date, double amount, final String desc) {
record(date, amount, desc);
acc.change(date, getDebt());
}
//取出现金
public void withdraw(final Date date, double amount, final String desc) {
if (amount - getBalance() > credit) {
error("not enough credit");
} else {
record(date, -amount, desc);
acc.change(date, getDebt());
}
}
//结算利息和年费，每月1日调用一次该函数
public void settle(final Date date) {
double interest = acc.getSum(date) * rate;
if (interest != 0)
record(date, interest, "interest");
if (date.getMonth() == 1)
record(date, -fee, "annual fee");
acc.reset(date, getDebt());
}
public final void show() {
super.show();
System.out.println("Available credit:"+getAvailableCredit());
}
};
package SavingsAccount8_8;
class Date { //日期类
private int year; //年
private int month; //月
private int day; //日
private int totalDays; //该日期是从公元元年1月1日开始的第几天
private final int DAYS_BEFORE_MONTH[] = { 0, 31, 59, 90, 120, 151, 181, 212, 243, 273, 304, 334, 365 };
Date(int year, int month, int day) {
//用年、月、日构造日期
this.year=year;
this.month=month;
this.day=day;
if (day <= 0 || day > getMaxDay()) {
System.out.println("Invalid date: ");
show();
System.out.println("");
//exit(1);
}
int years = year - 1;
totalDays = years * 365 + years / 4 - years / 100 + years / 400
+ DAYS_BEFORE_MONTH[month - 1] + day;
if (isLeapYear() && month > 2) totalDays++;
}
public final int getYear() { return year; }
public final int getMonth() { return month; }
public final int getDay() { return day; }
public final int getMaxDay() {
//获得当月有多少天
if (isLeapYear() && month == 2)
return 29;
else
return DAYS_BEFORE_MONTH[month]- DAYS_BEFORE_MONTH[month - 1];
}
public final boolean isLeapYear() { //判断当年是否为闰年
return year % 4 == 0 && year % 100 != 0 || year % 400 == 0;
}
public final void show() {
//输出当前日期
System.out.print(getYear()+"-"+getMonth()+"-"+getDay());
}
//计算两个日期之间差多少天
//java没有运算符的重载，需要些函数来实现相应功能
public final int distance(final Date date) {
return totalDays - date.totalDays;
}
};
package SavingsAccount8_8;
import java.io.IOException;
import java.io.InputStreamReader;
import java.util.Scanner;
class SavingsAccount extends Account { private static final Scanner Scanner = null;
//储蓄账户类
private Accumulator acc; //辅助计算利息的累加器
private double rate; //存款的年利率
SavingsAccount(final Date date, final String id, double rate) {
super(date,id);
this.rate=rate;
acc=new Accumulator(date,0);
}
public final double getRate() { return rate; }
//存入现金
public void deposit(final Date date, double amount, final String desc) {
record(date, amount, desc);
acc.change(date, getBalance());
}
//取出现金
public void withdraw(final Date date, double amount, final String desc) {
if (amount > getBalance()) {
error("not enough money");
} else {
record(date, -amount, desc);
acc.change(date, getBalance());
}
}
//结算利息，每年1月1日调用一次该函数
public void settle(final Date date) {
double interest = acc.getSum(date) * rate //计算年息
/ date.distance(new Date(date.getYear() - 1, 1, 1));
if (interest != 0)
record(date, interest, "interest");
acc.reset(date, getBalance());
}
public static void main(String[] args) throws IOException{
Date date=new Date(2008, 11, 1); //起始日期
//建立几个账户
SavingsAccount sa1=new SavingsAccount(date, "S3755217", 0.015);
SavingsAccount sa2=new SavingsAccount(date, "02342342", 0.015);
CreditAccount ca=new CreditAccount(date, "C5392394", 10000, 0.0005, 50);
Account accounts[] = { sa1, sa2, ca };
final int n =accounts.length; //账户总数
System.out.println("(d)deposit (w)withdraw (s)show (c)change day (n)next month (e)exit");
String cmd;
Scanner sc = new Scanner(System.in);
Scanner in = new Scanner(System.in);
do {
date.show();
System.out.print("\tTotal: "+Account.getTotal()+"\tcommand ");
int index, day;
double amount;
String desc = null;
//char c=(char)System.in.read();
//cmd = (char)System.in.read();
//BufferedReader cmd = new BufferedReader(new InputStreamReader(System.in));
cmd=in.next();
switch (cmd) {
case "d": //存入现金
index = sc.nextInt(); //读取整型输入
amount = sc.nextDouble(); //读取float型输入
//cin >> index >> amount;
getline(Scanner, desc);
accounts[index].deposit(date, amount, desc);
break;
case "w": //取出现金
index = sc.nextInt(); //读取整型输入
amount = sc.nextDouble(); //读取float型输入
getline(sc, desc);
accounts[index].withdraw(date, amount, desc);
break;
case "s": //查询各账户信息
for (int i = 0; i < n; i++) {
System.out.print("["+i +"]");
accounts[i].show();
System.out.print("");
}
break;
case "c": //改变日期
day = sc.nextInt(); //读取整型输入
if (day < date.getDay())
System.out.println("You cannot specify a previous day");
else if (day > date.getMaxDay())
System.out.println("Invalid day");
else
date = new Date(date.getYear(), date.getMonth(), day);
break;
case "n": //进入下个月
if (date.getMonth() == 12)
date = new Date(date.getYear() + 1, 1, 1);
else
date = new Date(date.getYear(), date.getMonth() + 1, 1);
for (int i = 0; i < n; i++)
accounts[i].settle(date);
break;
}
} while (cmd != "e");
}
private static void getline(Scanner sc, String desc) {
// TODO Auto-generated method stub
}
};
运行结果
2008-11-1 #S3755217 created
2008-11-1 #02342342 created
2008-11-1 #C5392394 created
(d)deposit (w)withdraw (s)show (c)change day (n)next month (e)exit
2008-11-1 Total: 0 command> d
0 1000
2008-11-1 #S3755217 1000 1000
2008-11-1 Total: 1000 command> d
1 1000
2008-11-1 #02342342 1000 1000
2008-11-1 Total: 2000 command> d
2 2000
2008-11-1 #C5392394 2000 2000
2008-11-1 Total: 4000 command> s
[0] S3755217 Balance: 1000
[1] 02342342 Balance: 1000
[2] C5392394 Balance: 2000 Available credit:10000
2008-11-1 Total: 4000 command> w
2 800
2008-11-1 #C5392394 -800 1200
2008-11-1 Total: 3200 command> w
0 700
2008-11-1 #S3755217 -700 300
2008-11-1 Total: 2500 command> w
1 600
2008-11-1 #02342342 -600 400
2008-11-1 Total: 1900 command> s
[0] S3755217 Balance: 300
[1] 02342342 Balance: 400
[2] C5392394 Balance: 1200 Available credit:10000
2008-11-1 Total: 1900 command> c
12
2008-11-12 Total: 1900 command> s
[0] S3755217 Balance: 300
[1] 02342342 Balance: 400
[2] C5392394 Balance: 1200 Available credit:10000
2008-11-12 Total: 1900 command> n
2008-12-1 Total: 1900 command> n
2009-1-1 #S3755217 0.75 300.75 interest
2009-1-1 #02342342 1 401 interest
2009-1-1 #C5392394 -50 1150 annual fee
2009-1-1 Total: 1851.75 command> n
2009-2-1 Total: 1851.75 command> n
2009-3-1 Total: 1851.75 command> n
2009-4-1 Total: 1851.75 command> n
2009-5-1 Total: 1851.75 command> e
例9_16
//date.h
#ifndef __DATE_H__
#define __DATE_H__
class Date { //日期类
private:
int year; //年
int month; //月
int day; //日
int totalDays; //该日期是从公元元年1月1日开始的第几天
public:
Date(int year, int month, int day); //用年、月、日构造日期
int getYear() const { return year; }
int getMonth() const { return month; }
int getDay() const { return day; }
int getMaxDay() const; //获得当月有多少天
bool isLeapYear() const { //判断当年是否为闰年
return year % 4 == 0 && year % 100 != 0 || year % 400 == 0;
}
void show() const; //输出当前日期
//计算两个日期之间差多少天
int operator - (const Date& date) const {
return totalDays - date.totalDays;
}
};
#endif //__DATE_H__
//accumulator.h
#ifndef __ACCUMULATOR_H__
#define __ACCUMULATOR_H__
#include "date.h"
class Accumulator { //将某个数值按日累加
private:
Date lastDate; //上次变更数值的时期
double value; //数值的当前值
double sum; //数值按日累加之和
public:
//构造函数，date为开始累加的日期，value为初始值
Accumulator(const Date &date, double value)
: lastDate(date), value(value), sum(0) { }
//获得到日期date的累加结果
double getSum(const Date &date) const {
return sum + value * (date - lastDate);
}
//在date将数值变更为value
void change(const Date &date, double value) {
sum = getSum(date);
lastDate = date;
this->value = value;
}
//初始化，将日期变为date，数值变为value，累加器清零
void reset(const Date &date, double value) {
lastDate = date;
this->value = value;
sum = 0;
}
};
#endif //__ACCUMULATOR_H__
//date.cpp
#include "date.h"
#include <iostream>
#include <cstdlib>
using namespace std;
namespace { //namespace使下面的定义只在当前文件中有效
//存储平年中某个月1日之前有多少天，为便于getMaxDay函数的实现，该数组多出一项
const int DAYS_BEFORE_MONTH[] = { 0, 31, 59, 90, 120, 151, 181, 212, 243, 273, 304, 334, 365 };
}
Date::Date(int year, int month, int day) : year(year), month(month), day(day) {
if (day <= 0 || day > getMaxDay()) {
cout << "Invalid date: ";
show();
cout << endl;
exit(1);
}
int years = year - 1;
totalDays = years * 365 + years / 4 - years / 100 + years / 400
+ DAYS_BEFORE_MONTH[month - 1] + day;
if (isLeapYear() && month > 2) totalDays++;
}
int Date::getMaxDay() const {
if (isLeapYear() && month == 2)
return 29;
else
return DAYS_BEFORE_MONTH[month]- DAYS_BEFORE_MONTH[month - 1];
}
void Date::show() const {
cout << getYear() << "-" << getMonth() << "-" << getDay();
}
//account.cpp
#include "account.h"
#include <cmath>
#include <iostream>
using namespace std;
double Account::total = 0;
//Account类的实现
Account::Account(const Date &date, const string &id)
: id(id), balance(0) {
date.show();
cout << "\t#" << id << " created" << endl;
}
void Account::record(const Date &date, double amount, const string &desc) {
amount = floor(amount * 100 + 0.5) / 100; //保留小数点后两位
balance += amount;
total += amount;
date.show();
cout << "\t#" << id << "\t" << amount << "\t" << balance << "\t" << desc << endl;
}
void Account::show() const {
cout << id << "\tBalance: " << balance;
}
void Account::error(const string &msg) const {
cout << "Error(#" << id << "): " << msg << endl;
}
//SavingsAccount类相关成员函数的实现
SavingsAccount::SavingsAccount(const Date &date, const string &id, double rate)
: Account(date, id), rate(rate), acc(date, 0) { }
void SavingsAccount::deposit(const Date &date, double amount, const string &desc) {
record(date, amount, desc);
acc.change(date, getBalance());
}
void SavingsAccount::withdraw(const Date &date, double amount, const string &desc) {
if (amount > getBalance()) {
error("not enough money");
} else {
record(date, -amount, desc);
acc.change(date, getBalance());
}
}
void SavingsAccount::settle(const Date &date) {
if (date.getMonth() == 1) { //每年的一月计算一次利息
double interest = acc.getSum(date) * rate
/ (date - Date(date.getYear() - 1, 1, 1));
if (interest != 0)
record(date, interest, "interest");
acc.reset(date, getBalance());
}
}
//CreditAccount类相关成员函数的实现
CreditAccount::CreditAccount(const Date& date, const string& id, double credit, double rate, double fee)
: Account(date, id), credit(credit), rate(rate), fee(fee), acc(date, 0) { }
void CreditAccount::deposit(const Date &date, double amount, const string &desc) {
record(date, amount, desc);
acc.change(date, getDebt());
}
void CreditAccount::withdraw(const Date &date, double amount, const string &desc) {
if (amount - getBalance() > credit) {
error("not enough credit");
} else {
record(date, -amount, desc);
acc.change(date, getDebt());
}
}
void CreditAccount::settle(const Date &date) {
double interest = acc.getSum(date) * rate;
if (interest != 0)
record(date, interest, "interest");
if (date.getMonth() == 1)
record(date, -fee, "annual fee");
acc.reset(date, getDebt());
}
void CreditAccount::show() const {
Account::show();
cout << "\tAvailable credit:" << getAvailableCredit();
}
//account.h
#ifndef __ACCOUNT_H__
#define __ACCOUNT_H__
#include "date.h"
#include "accumulator.h"
#include <string>
class Account { //账户类
private:
std::string id; //帐号
double balance; //余额
static double total; //所有账户的总金额
protected:
//供派生类调用的构造函数，id为账户
Account(const Date &date, const std::string &id);
//记录一笔帐，date为日期，amount为金额，desc为说明
void record(const Date &date, double amount, const std::string &desc);
//报告错误信息
void error(const std::string &msg) const;
public:
const std::string &getId() const { return id; }
double getBalance() const { return balance; }
static double getTotal() { return total; }
//存入现金，date为日期，amount为金额，desc为款项说明
virtual void deposit(const Date &date, double amount, const std::string &desc) = 0;
//取出现金，date为日期，amount为金额，desc为款项说明
virtual void withdraw(const Date &date, double amount, const std::string &desc) = 0;
//结算（计算利息、年费等），每月结算一次，date为结算日期
virtual void settle(const Date &date) = 0;
//显示账户信息
virtual void show() const;
};
class SavingsAccount : public Account { //储蓄账户类
private:
Accumulator acc; //辅助计算利息的累加器
double rate; //存款的年利率
public:
//构造函数
SavingsAccount(const Date &date, const std::string &id, double rate);
double getRate() const { return rate; }
virtual void deposit(const Date &date, double amount, const std::string &desc);
virtual void withdraw(const Date &date, double amount, const std::string &desc);
virtual void settle(const Date &date);
};
class CreditAccount : public Account { //信用账户类
private:
Accumulator acc; //辅助计算利息的累加器
double credit; //信用额度
double rate; //欠款的日利率
double fee; //信用卡年费
double getDebt() const { //获得欠款额
double balance = getBalance();
return (balance < 0 ? balance : 0);
}
public:
//构造函数
CreditAccount(const Date &date, const std::string &id, double credit, double rate, double fee);
double getCredit() const { return credit; }
double getRate() const { return rate; }
double getFee() const { return fee; }
double getAvailableCredit() const { //获得可用信用
if (getBalance() < 0)
return credit + getBalance();
else
return credit;
}
virtual void deposit(const Date &date, double amount, const std::string &desc);
virtual void withdraw(const Date &date, double amount, const std::string &desc);
virtual void settle(const Date &date);
virtual void show() const;
};
#endif //__ACCOUNT_H__
//9_16.cpp
#include "account.h"
#include "Array.h"
#include <iostream>
using namespace std;
int main() {
Date date(2008, 11, 1); //起始日期
Array<Account *> accounts(0); //创建账户数组，元素个数为0
cout << "(a)add account (d)deposit (w)withdraw (s)show (c)change day (n)next month (e)exit" << endl;
char cmd;
do {
//显示日期和总金额
date.show();
cout << "\tTotal: " << Account::getTotal() << "\tcommand> ";
char type;
int index, day;
double amount, credit, rate, fee;
string id, desc;
Account* account;
cin >> cmd;
switch (cmd) {
case 'a': //增加账户
cin >> type >> id;
if (type == 's') {
cin >> rate;
account = new SavingsAccount(date, id, rate);
} else {
cin >> credit >> rate >> fee;
account = new CreditAccount(date, id, credit, rate, fee);
}
accounts.resize(accounts.getSize() + 1);
accounts[accounts.getSize() - 1] = account;
break;
case 'd': //存入现金
cin >> index >> amount;
getline(cin, desc);
accounts[index]->deposit(date, amount, desc);
break;
case 'w': //取出现金
cin >> index >> amount;
getline(cin, desc);
accounts[index]->withdraw(date, amount, desc);
break;
case 's': //查询各账户信息
for (int i = 0; i < accounts.getSize(); i++) {
cout << "[" << i << "] ";
accounts[i]->show();
cout << endl;
}
break;
case 'c': //改变日期
cin >> day;
if (day < date.getDay())
cout << "You cannot specify a previous day";
else if (day > date.getMaxDay())
cout << "Invalid day";
else
date = Date(date.getYear(), date.getMonth(), day);
break;
case 'n': //进入下个月
if (date.getMonth() == 12)
date = Date(date.getYear() + 1, 1, 1);
else
date = Date(date.getYear(), date.getMonth() + 1, 1);
for (int i = 0; i < accounts.getSize(); i++)
accounts[i]->settle(date);
break;
}
} while (cmd != 'e');
for (int i = 0; i < accounts.getSize(); i++)
delete accounts[i];
return 0;
}
//Array.h
#ifndef ARRAY_H
#define ARRAY_H
#include <cassert>
//数组类模板定义
template <class T>
class Array {
private:
T* list; //T类型指针，用于存放动态分配的数组内存首地址
int size; //数组大小（元素个数）
public:
Array(int sz = 50); //构造函数
Array(const Array<T> &a); //拷贝构造函数
~Array(); //析构函数
Array<T> & operator = (const Array<T> &rhs); //重载"="使数组对象可以整体赋值
T & operator [] (int i); //重载"[]"，使Array对象可以起到C++普通数组的作用
const T & operator [] (int i) const; //"[]"运算符的const版本
operator T * (); //重载到T*类型的转换，使Array对象可以起到C++普通数组的作用
operator const T * () const; //到T*类型转换操作符的const版本
int getSize() const; //取数组的大小
void resize(int sz); //修改数组的大小
};
//构造函数
template <class T>
Array<T>::Array(int sz) {
assert(sz >= 0); //sz为数组大小（元素个数），应当非负
size = sz; // 将元素个数赋值给变量size
list = new T [size]; //动态分配size个T类型的元素空间
}
//析构函数
template <class T>
Array<T>::~Array() {
delete [] list;
}
//拷贝构造函数
template <class T>
Array<T>::Array(const Array<T> &a) {
//从对象x取得数组大小，并赋值给当前对象的成员
size = a.size;
//为对象申请内存并进行出错检查
list = new T[size]; // 动态分配n个T类型的元素空间
//从对象X复制数组元素到本对象
for (int i = 0; i < size; i++)
list[i] = a.list[i];
}
//重载"="运算符，将对象rhs赋值给本对象。实现对象之间的整体赋值
template <class T>
Array<T> &Array<T>::operator = (const Array<T>& rhs) {
if (&rhs != this) {
//如果本对象中数组大小与rhs不同，则删除数组原有内存，然后重新分配
if (size != rhs.size) {
delete [] list; //删除数组原有内存
size = rhs.size; //设置本对象的数组大小
list = new T[size]; //重新分配n个元素的内存
}
//从对象X复制数组元素到本对象
for (int i = 0; i < size; i++)
list[i] = rhs.list[i];
}
return *this; //返回当前对象的引用
}
//重载下标运算符，实现与普通数组一样通过下标访问元素，并且具有越界检查功能
template <class T>
T &Array<T>::operator[] (int n) {
assert(n >= 0 && n < size); //检查下标是否越界
return list[n]; //返回下标为n的数组元素
}
template <class T>
const T &Array<T>::operator[] (int n) const {
assert(n >= 0 && n < size); //检查下标是否越界
return list[n]; //返回下标为n的数组元素
}
//重载指针转换运算符，将Array类的对象名转换为T类型的指针，
//指向当前对象中的私有数组。
//因而可以象使用普通数组首地址一样使用Array类的对象名
template <class T>
Array<T>::operator T * () {
return list; //返回当前对象中私有数组的首地址
}
template <class T>
Array<T>::operator const T * () const {
return list; //返回当前对象中私有数组的首地址
}
//取当前数组的大小
template <class T>
int Array<T>::getSize() const {
return size;
}
// 将数组大小修改为sz
template <class T>
void Array<T>::resize(int sz) {
assert(sz >= 0); //检查sz是否非负
if (sz == size) //如果指定的大小与原有大小一样，什么也不做
return;
T* newList = new T [sz]; //申请新的数组内存
int n = (sz < size) ? sz : size; //将sz与size中较小的一个赋值给n
//将原有数组中前n个元素复制到新数组中
for (int i = 0; i < n; i++)
newList[i] = list[i];
delete[] list; //删除原数组
list = newList; // 使list指向新数组
size = sz; //更新size
}
#endif //ARRAY_H
Java版本
package bank11;
public class Accumulator {
private Date lastDate; //上次变更数值的时期
private double value; //数值的当前值
private double sum; //数值按日累加之和
//构造函数，date为开始累加的日期，value为初始值
public Accumulator(final Date date, double value){
this.lastDate=date;
this.value=value;
this.sum=0;
}
//获得到日期date的累加结果
public final double getSum(final Date date) {
return sum + value * date.distance(lastDate);
}
//在date将数值变更为value
public void change(final Date date, double value) {
sum = getSum(date);
lastDate = date;
this.value = value;
}
//初始化，将日期变为date，数值变为value，累加器清零
public void reset(final Date date, double value) {
lastDate = date;
this.value = value;
sum = 0;
}
package bank11;
public class Account {
private String id; //帐号
private double balance; //余额
private static double total=0; //所有账户的总金额
//供派生类调用的构造函数，id为账户
protected Account(final Date date, final String id){
this.id=id;
this.balance=0;
System.out.println("\t#"+id+" created");
}
//记录一笔帐，date为日期，amount为金额，desc为说明
protected void record(final Date date, double amount, final String desc){
amount = Math.floor(amount * 100 + 0.5) / 100; //保留小数点后两位
balance += amount;
total += amount;
date.show();
System.out.println("\t#"+id+"\t"+amount+"\t"+balance+"\t"+desc);
}
//报告错误信息
protected final void error(final String msg) {
System.out.println("Error(#"+id+"): "+msg);
}
public final String getId() { return id; }
public final double getBalance() { return balance; }
public static double getTotal() { return total; }
//存入现金，date为日期，amount为金额，desc为款项说明
public void deposit(final Date date, double amount, final String desc){
}
//取出现金，date为日期，amount为金额，desc为款项说明
public void withdraw(final Date date, double amount, final String desc){
}
//结算（计算利息、年费等），每月结算一次，date为结算日期
public void settle(final Date date) {
}
//显示账户信息
public void show(){
System.out.print(id+"\tBalance: "+balance);
}
}
package bank11;
public class CreditAccount extends Account{
private Accumulator acc; //辅助计算利息的累加器
private double credit; //信用额度
private double rate; //欠款的日利率
private double fee; //信用卡年费
private final double getDebt() { //获得欠款额
double balance = getBalance();
return (balance < 0 ? balance : 0);
}
//构造函数
CreditAccount(final Date date, final String id, double credit, double rate, double fee){
super(date,id);
this.credit=credit;
this.rate=rate;
this.fee=fee;
acc=new Accumulator(date,0);
}
public final double getCredit() { return credit; }
public final double getRate() { return rate; }
public final double getFee() { return fee; }
public final double getAvailableCredit() { //获得可用信用
if (getBalance() < 0)
return credit + getBalance();
else
return credit;
}
public void deposit(final Date date, double amount,final String desc){
record(date, amount, desc);
acc.change(date, getDebt());
}
public void withdraw(final Date date, double amount, final String desc){
if (amount - getBalance() > credit) {
error("not enough credit");
} else {
record(date, -amount, desc);
acc.change(date, getDebt());
}
}
public void settle(final Date date){
double interest = acc.getSum(date) * rate;
if (interest != 0)
record(date, interest, "interest");
if (date.getMonth() == 1)
record(date, -fee, "annual fee");
acc.reset(date, getDebt());
}
public final void show() {
super.show();
System.out.print("\tAvailable credit:"+getAvailableCredit());
}
}
package bank11;
public class Date {
private int year; //年
private int month; //月
private int day; //日
private int totalDays; //该日期是从公元元年1月1日开始的第几天
private final int DAYS_BEFORE_MONTH[] = { 0, 31, 59, 90, 120, 151, 181, 212, 243, 273, 304, 334, 365 };
public Date(int year, int month, int day){
//用年、月、日构造日期
this.year=year;
this.month=month;
this.day=day;
if (day <= 0 || day > getMaxDay()) {
System.out.println("Invalid date: ");
show();
System.out.println("");
System.exit(1);//exit(1);
}
int years = year - 1;
totalDays = years * 365 + years / 4 - years / 100 + years / 400
+ DAYS_BEFORE_MONTH[month - 1] + day;
if (isLeapYear() && month > 2)
totalDays++;
}
public final int getYear() { return year; }
public final int getMonth() { return month; }
public final int getDay() { return day; }
public final int getMaxDay() {
//获得当月有多少天
if (isLeapYear() && month == 2)
return 29;
else
return DAYS_BEFORE_MONTH[month]- DAYS_BEFORE_MONTH[month - 1];
}
public final boolean isLeapYear() { //判断当年是否为闰年
return year % 4 == 0 && year % 100 != 0 || year % 400 == 0;
}
public final void show() {
//输出当前日期
System.out.println(getYear()+"-"+getMonth()+"-"+getDay());
}
//计算两个日期之间差多少天
public final int distance(final Date date) {
return totalDays - date.totalDays;
}
}
package bank11;
import java.util.Scanner;
import java.util.ArrayList;
class SavingsAccount extends Account { //储蓄账户类
private Accumulator acc; //辅助计算利息的累加器
private double rate; //存款的年利率
//构造函数
public SavingsAccount(final Date date, final String id, double rate){
super(date, id);
this.rate=rate;
acc=new Accumulator(date,0);//创建对象
}
public final double getRate() { return rate; }
public void deposit(final Date date, double amount,final String desc){
record(date, amount, desc);
acc.change(date, getBalance());
}
public void withdraw(final Date date, double amount,final String desc){
if (amount > getBalance()) {
error("not enough money");
} else {
record(date, -amount, desc);
acc.change(date, getBalance());
}
}
public void settle(final Date date){
if (date.getMonth() == 1) { //每年的一月计算一次利息
double interest = acc.getSum(date) * rate
/(date.distance(new Date(date.getYear() - 1, 1, 1)));//要new一个对象
if (interest != 0)
record(date, interest, "interest");
acc.reset(date, getBalance());
}
}
public static void main(String[] args) {
Date date=new Date(2008, 11, 1); //起始日期
ArrayList<Account> accounts=new ArrayList<Account>(0); //创建账户数组，元素个数为0
System.out.println("(a)add account (d)deposit (w)withdraw (s)show (c)change day (n)next month (e)exit");
char cmd;
do {
//显示日期和总金额
date.show();
System.out.println("\tTotal: "+Account.getTotal()+"\tcommand> ");
char type;
int index, day;
double amount, credit, rate, fee;
String id, desc;
Account account;
Scanner sc = new Scanner(System.in);
String s = sc.next();
cmd= s.charAt(0);
switch (cmd) {
case 'a': //增加账户
String m = sc.next();
type= m.charAt(0);
id=sc.next();
if (type == 's') {
rate=sc.nextDouble();
account = new SavingsAccount(date, id, rate);
} else {
credit=sc.nextDouble();
rate=sc.nextDouble();
fee=sc.nextDouble();
account = new CreditAccount(date, id, credit, rate, fee);
accounts.add(new CreditAccount(date, id, credit, rate, fee));
}
break;
case 'd': //存入现金
index=sc.nextInt();
amount=sc.nextDouble();
desc=sc.nextLine();
accounts.get(index).deposit(date, amount, desc);
break;
case 'w': //取出现金
index=sc.nextInt();
amount=sc.nextDouble();
desc=sc.nextLine();
accounts.get(index).withdraw(date, amount, desc);
break;
case 's': //查询各账户信息
for (int i = 0; i < accounts.size(); i++) {
System.out.println("["+i+"] ");
accounts.get(i).show();
System.out.println("");
}
break;
case 'c': //改变日期
day=sc.nextInt();
if (day < date.getDay())
System.out.println("You cannot specify a previous day");
else if (day > date.getMaxDay())
System.out.println("Invalid day");
else
date = new Date(date.getYear(), date.getMonth(), day);
break;
case 'n': //进入下个月
if (date.getMonth() == 12)
date = new Date(date.getYear() + 1, 1, 1);
else
date = new Date(date.getYear(), date.getMonth() + 1, 1);
for (int i = 0; i < accounts.size(); i++)
accounts.get(i).settle(date);
break;
}
} while (cmd != 'e');
for (int i = 0; i < accounts.size(); i++)
accounts.clear();
}
}
1.Java中没有运算符重载，故需要另写函数来支持相关功能。
2.Java中中的泛型可以使用ArrayList来实现。
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