Android Fragment
Fragment是什么
是碎片,可以表示Activity中的行为或用户界面部分
为什么要使用Fragment
1.解决局部刷新的问题
2.解决屏幕适配的问题
需要掌握的一些知识点
Fragment静态加载
在xml文件里建fragment标签,用name引用
静态加载:是讲在主布局文件中放入fragment布局,然后使用
下面是一个简单两个fragment碎片的静态加载(fragment一定要写id,name)
布局文件
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8"?>
<LinearLayout xmlns:android="http://schemas.android.com/apk/res/android"
xmlns:app="http://schemas.android.com/apk/res-auto"
xmlns:tools="http://schemas.android.com/tools"
android:layout_width="match_parent"
android:layout_height="match_parent"
tools:context="com.example.myapplication.MainActivity">
<fragment
android:layout_width="0dp"
android:layout_height="match_parent"
android:layout_weight="1"
android:name="com.example.myapplication.HelloFragment"
android:id="@+id/hello_fragment"/>
<fragment
android:layout_width="0dp"
android:layout_height="match_parent"
android:layout_weight="1"
android:id="@+id/list_fragment"
android:name="com.example.myapplication.ListFragment"/>
</LinearLayout>
新建的两个fragment里面都不要改,只要设置一下背景颜色来辨别就行
效果图:
Fragment动态加载
动态加载:不需要在主布局文件中去声明fragment的,而是直接在java代码中去添加
ViewPager页码的滑动(页卡适配器控件)
<android.support.v4.view.ViewPager
android:id="@+id/vp"
android:layout_width="match_parent"
android:layout_height="match_parent">
</android.support.v4.view.ViewPager>
ViewPager+Fragment实现页卡滑动
下面代码是一个简单的页卡滑动效果
1.第一个fragment的布局文件:
<FrameLayout xmlns:android="http://schemas.android.com/apk/res/android"
xmlns:tools="http://schemas.android.com/tools"
android:layout_width="match_parent"
android:layout_height="match_parent"
android:background="@color/colorPrimary"
tools:context="com.example.myapplication.fragment_vp.ContFragment">
<!-- TODO: Update blank fragment layout -->
<TextView
android:layout_width="match_parent"
android:layout_height="match_parent"
android:text="消息"
android:gravity="center"/>
</FrameLayout>
2.第二个fragment的布局文件:
<FrameLayout xmlns:android="http://schemas.android.com/apk/res/android"
xmlns:tools="http://schemas.android.com/tools"
android:layout_width="match_parent"
android:layout_height="match_parent"
android:background="@color/colorPrimary"
tools:context="com.example.myapplication.fragment_activity.DongFragment">
<!-- TODO: Update blank fragment layout -->
<TextView
android:layout_width="match_parent"
android:layout_height="match_parent"
android:text="动态"
android:textSize="30sp"
android:gravity="center"/>
</FrameLayout>
3.第三个fragment的布局文件:
<FrameLayout xmlns:android="http://schemas.android.com/apk/res/android"
xmlns:tools="http://schemas.android.com/tools"
android:layout_width="match_parent"
android:layout_height="match_parent"
android:background="@color/colorAccent"
tools:context="com.example.myapplication.fragment_vp.FriendFragment">
<!-- TODO: Update blank fragment layout -->
<TextView
android:layout_width="match_parent"
android:layout_height="match_parent"
android:text="朋友圈"
android:gravity="center"/>
</FrameLayout>
4.新建一个适配器,继承FragmentPagerAdapter
package com.example.myapplication.adapter;
import android.support.v4.app.Fragment;
import android.support.v4.app.FragmentManager;
import android.support.v4.app.FragmentPagerAdapter;
import java.util.List;
/**
* Created by lyj on 2018/6/5.
*/
public class ViewpagerAdapter extends FragmentPagerAdapter{
List<Fragment> fragmentList;
public ViewpagerAdapter(FragmentManager fm,List<Fragment> fragmentList) {
super(fm);
this.fragmentList=fragmentList;
}
@Override
public Fragment getItem(int position) {
return fragmentList.get(position);
}
@Override
public int getCount() {
return fragmentList.size();
}
}
6.主类的布局文件(做的有点丑,不是很美观)
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8"?>
<LinearLayout xmlns:android="http://schemas.android.com/apk/res/android"
xmlns:app="http://schemas.android.com/apk/res-auto"
xmlns:tools="http://schemas.android.com/tools"
android:layout_width="match_parent"
android:layout_height="match_parent"
android:orientation="vertical"
tools:context="com.example.myapplication.ViewpagerActivity">
<LinearLayout
android:layout_width="match_parent"
android:layout_height="0dp"
android:layout_weight="1">
<TextView
android:layout_width="0dp"
android:layout_height="match_parent"
android:layout_weight="1"
android:textSize="25sp"
android:gravity="center"
android:text="聊天"
android:id="@+id/cont"/>
<TextView
android:layout_width="0dp"
android:layout_height="match_parent"
android:layout_weight="1"
android:textSize="25sp"
android:gravity="center"
android:text="好友"
android:id="@+id/friend"/>
<TextView
android:layout_width="0dp"
android:layout_height="match_parent"
android:layout_weight="1"
android:textSize="25sp"
android:gravity="center"
android:text="朋友圈"
android:id="@+id/my"/>
</LinearLayout>
<LinearLayout
android:layout_width="match_parent"
android:layout_height="3dp"
>
<View
android:layout_width="0dp"
android:layout_height="3dp"
android:layout_weight="1"
android:background="#0000ff"
android:id="@+id/cont_view"/>
<View
android:layout_width="0dp"
android:layout_height="3dp"
android:layout_weight="1"
android:id="@+id/friend_view"/>
<View
android:layout_width="0dp"
android:layout_height="3dp"
android:layout_weight="1"
android:id="@+id/my_view"/>
</LinearLayout>
<android.support.v4.view.ViewPager
android:layout_width="match_parent"
android:layout_height="0dp"
android:layout_weight="8"
android:id="@+id/vp">
</android.support.v4.view.ViewPager>
</LinearLayout>
7.activity类(setCurrentItem();跳转到ViewPager的指定页面)
package com.example.myapplication;
import android.graphics.Color;
import android.support.v4.app.Fragment;
import android.support.v4.view.ViewPager;
import android.support.v7.app.AppCompatActivity;
import android.os.Bundle;
import android.view.View;
import android.widget.TextView;
import com.example.myapplication.adapter.ViewpagerAdapter;
import com.example.myapplication.fragment_vp.ContFragment;
import com.example.myapplication.fragment_vp.FriendFragment;
import com.example.myapplication.fragment_vp.MyFragment;
import java.util.ArrayList;
import java.util.List;
public class ViewpagerActivity extends AppCompatActivity implements View.OnClickListener {
private TextView cont, friend, my;
private View cont_view, friend_view, my_view;
private ViewPager vp;
private ContFragment contFragment;
private FriendFragment friendFragment;
private MyFragment myFragment;
List<Fragment> fragmentList = new ArrayList<>();
@Override
protected void onCreate(Bundle savedInstanceState) {
super.onCreate(savedInstanceState);
setContentView(R.layout.activity_viewpager);
cont = findViewById(R.id.cont);
friend = findViewById(R.id.friend);
my = findViewById(R.id.my);
//绑定id到点击事件
cont.setOnClickListener(this);
friend.setOnClickListener(this);
my.setOnClickListener(this);
vp = findViewById(R.id.vp);
cont_view = findViewById(R.id.cont_view);
friend_view = findViewById(R.id.friend_view);
my_view = findViewById(R.id.my_view);
contFragment = new ContFragment();
friendFragment = new FriendFragment();
myFragment = new MyFragment();
fragmentList.add(contFragment);
fragmentList.add(friendFragment);
fragmentList.add(myFragment);
ViewpagerAdapter adapter = new ViewpagerAdapter(getSupportFragmentManager(), fragmentList);
vp.setAdapter(adapter);
vp.setOnPageChangeListener(new ViewPager.OnPageChangeListener() {
@Override
public void onPageScrolled(int position, float positionOffset, int positionOffsetPixels) {
}
@Override
public void onPageSelected(int position) {
cont_view.setBackgroundColor(Color.GRAY);
friend_view.setBackgroundColor(Color.GRAY);
my_view.setBackgroundColor(Color.GRAY);
switch (position) {
case 0:
cont_view.setBackgroundColor(Color.BLUE);
break;
case 1:
friend_view.setBackgroundColor(Color.BLUE);
break;
case 2:
my_view.setBackgroundColor(Color.BLUE);
break;
default:
break;
}
}
@Override
public void onPageScrollStateChanged(int state) {
}
});
}
@Override
public void onClick(View view) {
switch (view.getId()) {
case R.id.cont:
//点中哪个页卡就到哪个页面
vp.setCurrentItem(0);
break;
case R.id.friend:
vp.setCurrentItem(1);
break;
case R.id.my:
vp.setCurrentItem(2);
break;
default:
break;
}
}
}
fragment的生命周期
当Fragment与Activity发生关联时调用
- onAttach();依附
- onCreate();
创建该Fragment的视图
- onCreateView();
- onActivityCreated();
- onStart();
- onResume();
- onPause();
- onStop();
与onCreateView想对应,当该Fragment的视图被移除时调用 - onDestroyView();
- onDestroy();
与onAttach相对应,当Fragment与Activity关联被取消时调用 - onDetach();解绑
下面是一个简单的测试和上面的划页的代码是一起联用的
package com.example.myapplication.fragment_vp;
import android.content.Context;
import android.os.Bundle;
import android.support.annotation.Nullable;
import android.support.v4.app.Fragment;
import android.util.Log;
import android.view.LayoutInflater;
import android.view.View;
import android.view.ViewGroup;
import com.example.myapplication.R;
/**
* A simple {@link Fragment} subclass.
*/
public class FriendFragment extends Fragment {
private String TAG="FriendFragment";
public FriendFragment() {
// Required empty public constructor
}
@Override
public void onAttach(Context context) {
super.onAttach(context);
Log.d(TAG, "onAttach:********* ");
}
@Override
public void onCreate(@Nullable Bundle savedInstanceState) {
super.onCreate(savedInstanceState);
Log.d(TAG, "onCreate: *********");
}
@Override
public View onCreateView(LayoutInflater inflater, ViewGroup container,
Bundle savedInstanceState) {
// Inflate the layout for this fragment
Log.d(TAG, "onCreateView: *********");
return inflater.inflate(R.layout.fragment_friend, container, false);
}
@Override
public void onStart() {
super.onStart();
Log.d(TAG, "onStart: *********");
}
@Override
public void onResume() {
super.onResume();
Log.d(TAG, "onResume: *********");
}
@Override
public void onPause() {
super.onPause();
Log.d(TAG, "onPause: *********");
}
@Override
public void onDestroyView() {
super.onDestroyView();
Log.d(TAG, "onDestroyView: *********");
}
@Override
public void onDestroy() {
super.onDestroy();
Log.d(TAG, "onDestroy:*********");
}
@Override
public void onDetach() {
super.onDetach();
Log.d(TAG, "onDetach: *********");
}
}
fragment之间的传值
- fragment往activity传值
在activity类中需要建一个方法,把fragment传过来的东西放在某个控件里(我放的是TextView控件)
布局文件先设定一个控件
<TextView
android:layout_width="match_parent"
android:layout_height="50dp"
android:id="@+id/title_tv" />
定义
private TextView tv_title;
获取id
tv_title=findViewById(R.id.title_tv);
这是在activity定义的一个方法
public void modfity(String title){
tv_title.setText(title);
}
在fragment类里面需要得到视图
View v=inflater.inflate(R.layout.fragment_cont, container, false);
return v;
通过视图获取到fragment布局文件的控件的id
View v=inflater.inflate(R.layout.fragment_cont, container, false);
title_button=v.findViewById(R.id.title_button1);
title_button.setOnClickListener(new View.OnClickListener() {
@Override
public void onClick(View view) {
ViewpagerActivity viewpagerActivity= (ViewpagerActivity) getActivity();
viewpagerActivity.modfity("聊天");
}
});
return v;
- activity往fragment传值
在activity类用Bundle存储值,然后把你传的值通过setArguments()方法传到你想传的fragment里面
Bundle bundle=new Bundle();
bundle.putString("name","小明");
contFragment.setArguments(bundle);
在fragment接收,我是把传过来的值显示在按钮控件上
Bundle bundle=getArguments();
String name=bundle.getString("name");
title_button.setText(name);