ContentProvider&ContentResolver

一.ContentProvider是什么

1.ContentProvider是Android四大组件之一
2.ContentProvider是一种数据包装器，它提供统一的接口对数据进行操作，调用者不用关心数据到底是如何存储的
3.ContentProvider主要用于不同的应用程序间，不同进程间的数据共享

二.ContentResolver是什么

1.vContentResolver是数据调用者，ContentResolver数据发布出来后，通过ContentResolver对象结合Uri进行调用
2.通过ContentResolver可以调用ContentProvider的增删改查操作

三.URI是什么，标准格式是什么

URI是什么

1.通用资源标识符简称Uri
2.Uri代表操作数据的地址，每个ContentProvider发布数据时都有一个唯一的地址

标准格式

content://com.android.contacts/contacts
content://:此部分是固定写法,用来表明这是一个Uri
com.android.contacts:此部分指定了要访问的资源的存放地址
contacts：此部分指定了要访问资源的路径

四.UriMatcher是什么

1.用于匹配Uri的Uri规则工具类
2.当调用者传递过来Uri时，我们需要对Uri进行解析，确定调用者需要执行哪个操作

五.如何使用ContentProvider

我写的是一个学生表，有id,name,age,下面通过这个例子来体现如何使用ContentProvider
1.使用SQLite技术，创建好数据库和数据表

package com.example.practiceapplication.sqlite;

import android.content.Context;
import android.database.sqlite.SQLiteDatabase;
import android.database.sqlite.SQLiteOpenHelper;

/**
 * Created by lyj on 2018/6/21.
 */

public class StuSQLiteHelper extends SQLiteOpenHelper{
    private String sql="create table stu(" +
            "id integer primary key autoincrement not null,"+
            "name text," +
            "age integer" +
            ")";
    public StuSQLiteHelper(Context context, String name, SQLiteDatabase.CursorFactory factory, int version) {
        super(context, name, factory, version);
    }

    @Override
    public void onCreate(SQLiteDatabase sqLiteDatabase) {
        sqLiteDatabase.execSQL(sql);

    }

    @Override
    public void onUpgrade(SQLiteDatabase sqLiteDatabase, int i, int i1) {

    }
}

2.新建类继承ContentProvider
会报错，第四步是解决方法

package com.example.practiceapplication.sqlite;

import android.content.ContentProvider;
import android.content.ContentUris;
import android.content.ContentValues;
import android.content.UriMatcher;
import android.database.Cursor;
import android.database.sqlite.SQLiteDatabase;
import android.net.Uri;
import android.support.annotation.NonNull;
import android.support.annotation.Nullable;

/**
 * Created by lyj on 2018/6/21.
 */

public class StudentProvider extends ContentProvider {

}

3.创建UriMatcher,定义Uri规则

private UriMatcher uriMatcher;

 {
        uriMatcher = new UriMatcher(UriMatcher.NO_MATCH);
        uriMatcher.addURI("content://com.example.practiceapplication.sqlite.StudentProvider", "stu", 1);
        uriMatcher.addURI("content://com.example.practiceapplication.sqlite.StudentProvider", "tea", 1);
    }

4.重写6个抽象方法

package com.example.practiceapplication.sqlite;

import android.content.ContentProvider;
import android.content.ContentUris;
import android.content.ContentValues;
import android.content.UriMatcher;
import android.database.Cursor;
import android.database.sqlite.SQLiteDatabase;
import android.net.Uri;
import android.support.annotation.NonNull;
import android.support.annotation.Nullable;

/**
 * Created by lyj on 2018/6/21.
 */

public class StudentProvider extends ContentProvider {
    private SQLiteDatabase sqLiteDatabase;
    private StuSQLiteHelper stuSQLiteHelper;

    private UriMatcher uriMatcher;

    private Cursor cursor;

    @Override
    public boolean onCreate() {
        stuSQLiteHelper = new StuSQLiteHelper(getContext(), "stu_db", null, 1);

        return false;
    }

    {
        uriMatcher = new UriMatcher(UriMatcher.NO_MATCH);
        uriMatcher.addURI("content://com.example.practiceapplication.sqlite.StudentProvider", "stu", 1);
        uriMatcher.addURI("content://com.example.practiceapplication.sqlite.StudentProvider", "tea", 1);
    }

    @Nullable
    @Override
    public Cursor query(@NonNull Uri uri, @Nullable String[] strings, @Nullable String s, @Nullable String[] strings1, @Nullable String s1) {

//        switch (uriMatcher.match(uri)) {
//            case 1:
                cursor = sqLiteDatabase.query("stu", null, null, null, null, null, null);
//
//                break;
//            case 2:
//                break;
//            default:
//                break;
//
//        }
        return cursor;
    }

    @Nullable
    @Override
    public String getType(@NonNull Uri uri) {
        return null;
    }

    @Nullable
    @Override
    public Uri insert(@NonNull Uri uri, @Nullable ContentValues contentValues) {
        sqLiteDatabase = stuSQLiteHelper.getWritableDatabase();

        long id = sqLiteDatabase.insert("stu", null, contentValues);
        return ContentUris.withAppendedId(uri, id);
    }

    @Override
    public int delete(@NonNull Uri uri, @Nullable String s, @Nullable String[] strings) {

        sqLiteDatabase = stuSQLiteHelper.getWritableDatabase();


        return sqLiteDatabase.delete("stu", s, strings);
    }

    @Override
    public int update(@NonNull Uri uri, @Nullable ContentValues contentValues, @Nullable String s, @Nullable String[] strings) {

        sqLiteDatabase = stuSQLiteHelper.getWritableDatabase();

        return sqLiteDatabase.update("stu", contentValues, s, strings);
    }
}

5.在AndroidManifest中注册provider

 <provider
            android:name=".sqlite.StudentProvider"
            android:authorities="com.example.practiceapplication.sqlite.StudentProvider"
            android:exported="true" />

6.ContentResolver对ContentProvider共享的数据进行增删改查

package com.example.lyj.myapplication;

import android.content.ContentResolver;
import android.content.ContentValues;
import android.database.Cursor;
import android.net.Uri;
import android.support.v7.app.AppCompatActivity;
import android.os.Bundle;
import android.view.View;
import android.widget.Button;
import android.widget.EditText;
import android.widget.ListView;

import java.util.ArrayList;
import java.util.List;

public class ProviderActivity extends AppCompatActivity implements View.OnClickListener{
    private Uri uri;
    private ContentResolver contentResolver;

    private EditText stuAge_et, stuName_et;
    private ListView stu_lv;
    private SQLiteAdapter adapter;
    private Button add_button, search_button, update_button, delete_button;

    private List<SQLiteStu> sqLiteStuList=new ArrayList<>();

    @Override
    protected void onCreate(Bundle savedInstanceState) {
        super.onCreate(savedInstanceState);
        setContentView(R.layout.activity_provider);

        stuAge_et = findViewById(R.id.stuAge_et);
        stuName_et = findViewById(R.id.stuName_et);

        add_button = findViewById(R.id.add_button);
        add_button.setOnClickListener(this);

        search_button = findViewById(R.id.search_button);
        search_button.setOnClickListener(this);

        update_button = findViewById(R.id.update_button);
        update_button.setOnClickListener(this);

        delete_button = findViewById(R.id.delete_button);
        delete_button.setOnClickListener(this);

        stu_lv=findViewById(R.id.stu_lv);

        uri=Uri.parse("content://com.example.practiceapplication.sqlite.StudentProvider");
        contentResolver=getContentResolver();

    }

    @Override
    public void onClick(View view) {
        switch (view.getId()) {
            case R.id.search_button:
                sqLiteStuList.clear();

                Cursor cursor=contentResolver.query(uri,new String[]{"id","name","age"},null,null,null);

                cursor.moveToFirst();

                    do {
                        int id = cursor.getInt(cursor.getColumnIndex("id"));
                        String name = cursor.getString(cursor.getColumnIndex("name"));
                        String age = cursor.getString(cursor.getColumnIndex("age"));

                        SQLiteStu sqLiteStu = new SQLiteStu(id, name, age);
                        sqLiteStuList.add(sqLiteStu);
                        adapter = new SQLiteAdapter(this, sqLiteStuList);

                        stu_lv.setAdapter(adapter);

                    } while (cursor.moveToNext());


                break;
            case R.id.add_button:
                String age1= stuAge_et.getText().toString();
                String name1=stuName_et.getText().toString();

                ContentValues values=new ContentValues();
                values.put("name",name1);
                values.put("age",age1);

                contentResolver.insert(uri,values);
                break;
            case R.id.delete_button:
                String name2=stuName_et.getText().toString();
                String age2= stuAge_et.getText().toString();

                contentResolver.delete(uri,"name=? and age=?",new String[]{name2,age2});
                break;
            case R.id.update_button:
                String age3= stuAge_et.getText().toString();
                String name3=stuName_et.getText().toString();

                ContentValues contentValues=new ContentValues();
                contentValues.put("name","鹏鹏");
                contentValues.put("age","20");

                contentResolver.update(uri,contentValues,"name=? and age=?",new String[]{name3,age3});
                break;
            default:
                break;
        }
    }
}