用C++模拟实现哈希表

哈希相关概念

//comm.hpp
#pragma once



const int _PrimeSize = 28;  //素数表
static const unsigned long _PrimeList[_PrimeSize] =
{
        53ul, 97ul, 193ul, 389ul, 769ul,
        1543ul, 3079ul, 6151ul, 12289ul, 24593ul,
        49157ul, 98317ul, 196613ul, 393241ul, 786433ul,
        1572869ul, 3145739ul, 6291469ul, 12582917ul, 25165843ul,
        50331653ul, 100663319ul, 201326611ul, 402653189ul, 805306457ul,
        1610612741ul, 3221225473ul, 4294967291ul
};

unsigned long GetCapacity(const int capacity)
{
    int i = 0;
    while (_PrimeList[i] < capacity && i < _PrimeSize)
    {
        i++;
    }
    return _PrimeList[i];
}
template <class K>
class KeyToInt
{
public:
    int operator()(const int& n)
    {
        return n;
    }
};

template <>
class KeyToInt<string>
{
public:
    int operator()(string st)
    {

        return BKDRHash(st.c_str());
    }
private:
    static size_t BKDRHash(const char* str) //字符串转整形
    {
        unsigned int seed = 131; // 31 131 1313 13131 131313
        unsigned int hash = 0;
        while (*str)
        {
            hash = hash * seed + (*str++);
        }
        return (hash & 0x7FFFFFFF);
    }
};

闭散列


#include <iostream>
using namespace std;
#include "comm.hpp"

enum STATAUS   //表示每个位置状态
{
     EMPTY, EXIST, DELETE
};
template <class K>
struct Element
{
    Element()
        :key(0)
        ,s(EMPTY)   
    {}
    K key;
    STATAUS s;
};


template <class K>
class Hash
{
public:
    Hash(size_t capacity = 7)
        :_size(0)
        , _capacity(capacity)
    {
        _hash = new Element<K>[capacity];
    }
    bool Insert(const K& key)
    {
        CapacityCheck();
        int addr = FunHash(key);
        return  LineCheck(addr, key);
    }
    bool  Find(const K& key)  //查找
    {
        int addr = FunHash(key);
        int oldaddr = addr;
        while (_hash[addr].key != key)
        {
            addr++;
            if (addr == _capacity)
            {
                addr = 0;
            }
            if (addr == oldaddr)
            {
                return false;
            }
        }
        return true;
    }
    bool Emase()  //删除
    {
        int addr = FunHash(key);
        int oldaddr = addr;
        while (_hash[addr].key != key)
        {
            addr++;
            if (addr == _capacity)
            {
                addr = 0;
            }
            if (addr == oldaddr)
            {
                return false;
            }
        }
        _hash[addr].s = DELETE;
        size--;
        return true;
    }
    ~Hash()
    {
        if (_hash)
        {
            delete[] _hash;
            _hash = NULL;
            _size = 0;
            _capacity = 0;
        }
    }
private:
    void CapacityCheck()
    {
        if (_size * 10 / _capacity > 7)
        {
            int newcapacity = GetCapacity(_capacity);
            Hash temp(newcapacity);
            Swap(temp); 
            _capacity = newcapacity;
        }
    }
    int FunHash(const K&  key)
    {
        return key%_capacity;
    }
    void Swap(Hash& s)
    {
        for (int i = 0; i < _size; ++i)
        {
            s.Insert(_hash[i].key);
        }
        swap(_hash, s._hash);
        s._size = _size;
    }
    bool LineCheck(int addr, const K& key)  //只有为空才插入
    {
        int oldaddr = addr;
        while (_hash[addr].s != EMPTY)  
        {
            addr++;
            if (addr == _capacity)
            {
                addr = 0;
            }
            if (addr == oldaddr)
            {
                return false;
            }
        }
        _hash[addr].key = key;
        _hash[addr].s = EXIST;
        _size++;
        return true;
    }
    bool Secondcheck()
    {
        int oldaddr = addr;
        int i = 1;
        while (_hash[addr].s != EMPTY)
        {
            addr += i*i;
            i++;
            if (addr == _capacity)
            {
                addr = 0;
            }
            if (addr == oldaddr)
            {
                return false;
            }
        }
        _hash[addr].key = key;
        _hash[addr].s = EXIST;
        _size++;
        return true;

    }
    Element<K>* _hash;
    size_t _size;
    size_t _capacity;
};

void Funtest()
{
    int arr[] = { 37, 25, 14, 36, 49, 68, 57, 11 };
    Hash<int> h;
    for (int i = 0; i < sizeof(arr) / sizeof(arr[0]); ++i)
    {
        h.Insert(arr[i]);
    }
}

开散列

//使用的链表不带头结点

#include <vector>

template<typename K, typename V>
struct ELEM
{
    ELEM()
       : pnext(NULL)
    {
    }
    ELEM(const K& key, const V& val = V())
        :_val(make_pair(key, val))
        , pnext(NULL)
    {}

    pair<K, V> _val;
    ELEM* pnext;
};
template <class K, class V, class KeyToInt>
class HashTab;

template <class K, class V, class KeyToInt>
class HashIterator
{
    typedef ELEM<K, V>  Node;
    typedef Node* pNode;
    typedef HashIterator<K, V, KeyToInt> Slef;
public:
    HashIterator()
        :_Hash(NULL)
    {}
    HashIterator( HashTab<K, V, KeyToInt>* hb,  const pNode& pcur)
        :_Hash(hb)
        , _pHead(pcur)
    {
    }
    Slef& operator++()
    {
        _Pnext();
        return *this;
    }
    Slef operator++(int)
    {    
        Slef temp(*this);
        _Pnext();
        return temp;
    }
    pair<K, V> operator*()
    {
        return _pHead->_val;
    }
    pNode operator->()
    {
        return _pHead;
    }
    bool operator==(const Slef& s)
    {
        return ((_Hash ==  s._Hash) && (s._pHead == _pHead));
    }
    bool operator!=(const Slef& s)
    {
        return !(operator==(s));
    }
private:
    void _Pnext()
    {   
        size_t index = _Hash->FunHash((*_pHead)._val.first);
        if (_pHead)
        {

            _pHead = _pHead->pnext;
        }

        while ((_pHead == NULL) && (index < (_Hash->_capacity -1)))
        {
            index++;
            _pHead = _Hash->_HashBucket[index];
        }
        if (index >= _Hash->_HashBucket.size() - 1)
        {
                return;
        }
    }
    HashTab<K, V, KeyToInt>*  _Hash;
    pNode _pHead;
};




template <typename K, typename V, typename KeyToInt = KeyToInt<K>>
class HashTab
{
    friend class HashIterator<K, V, KeyToInt>;
    typedef ELEM<K, V>  Node;
    typedef Node*  pNode;
public: typedef HashIterator<K, V, KeyToInt> Iterator;
public:
    HashTab(const int& capacity = 2)
        : _size(0)
        , _capacity(capacity)
    {   
        _HashBucket.resize(_capacity);
        for (size_t i = 0; i < _capacity; i++)
        {
            _HashBucket[i] = NULL;
        }
    }
    bool InsertUnique(const K& key, const V& value)
    {
        Cheakcapacity();
        int addr = FunHash(key);
        pNode pcur = _HashBucket[addr];
        if (pcur == NULL)
        {
            pNode temp = new Node(key, value);
            _HashBucket[addr] = temp;
        }
        else
        {
            pNode pre = NULL;
            while (pcur)
            {
                if (pcur->_val.first == key)
                {
                    return false;
                }
                pre = pcur;
                pcur = pcur->pnext;
            }
            pNode temp = new Node(key, value);
            if (pre)
                pre->pnext = temp;
        }
        _size++;
        return true;
    }
    bool InsertEqual(const K& key, const V& value)
    {
        Cheakcapacity();
        int addr = FunHash(key);
        pNode pcur = _HashBucket[addr];
        pNode temp = new Node(key, value);
        if (pcur == NULL)
        {
            _HashBucket[addr] = temp;
        }
        else
        {
            temp->pnext = pcur->pnext;
            pcur->pnext = temp;
        }
        _size++;
        return true;
    }
    bool EraseUnique(const K& key)
    {
        int addr = FunHash(key);
        pNode pcur = _HashBucket[addr];
        pNode pre = NULL;
        if (pcur && pcur->_val.first == key)
        {
            _HashBucket[addr] = pcur->pnext;
            delete pcur;
            pcur = NULL;
            _size--;
            return true;
        }
        else
        {

            while (pcur)
            {
                pre = pcur;
                pcur = pcur->pnext;
                if (pcur->_val.first == key)
                {
                    pre->pnext = pcur->pnext;
                    delete pcur;
                    pcur = NULL;
                    _size--;
                    return true;
                }
            }
            return false;
        }
    }
    bool EraseEqual(const K& key)
    {
        int addr = FunHash(key);
        bool flag = false;
        pNode pcur = _HashBucket[addr];
        pNode pre = NULL;
        while (pcur && pcur->_val.first == key)
        {
            _HashBucket[addr] = pcur->pnext;
            delete pcur;
            pcur = NULL;
            _size--;
            flag = true;
            pcur = _HashBucket[addr];
        }
        while (pcur)
        {
            pre = pcur;
            pcur = pcur->pnext;
           if (pcur->_val.first == key)
           {
              pre->pnext = pcur->pnext;
              delete pcur;
              pcur = NULL;
              _size--;
              flag = true;
            }
        }
        return flag;
    }
    Iterator Begin()
    {
        size_t index = 0;
        pNode pcur = _HashBucket[index];
        while (pcur == NULL && index < (_capacity-1))
        {
            index++;
            pcur = _HashBucket[index];
        }
        return Iterator(this, pcur);
    }
    Iterator End()
    {
        return Iterator(this, NULL);
    }
    size_t Size()
    {
        return _size;
    }
    pair<bool, Iterator>  Find(const K& key)
    {
        int addr = FunHash(key);
        pNode pcur = _HashBucket[addr];
        pNode pre = NULL;
        while (pcur)
        {
            if (pcur->_val.first == key)
            {
                return pair<bool, Iterator>(true, Iterator(this, pcur));
            }
            pre = pcur;
            pcur = pcur->pnext;
        }
        pNode temp = new Node(key);
        if (pre)
        {
            pre->pnext = temp;
            return pair<bool, Iterator>(false, Iterator(this, temp));
        }
        else
        {
            _HashBucket[addr] = temp;
            return pair<bool, Iterator>(false, Iterator(this, temp));
        }

    }
    bool operator==(const HashTab<K, V, KeyToInt> s)
    { 
        return true;
    }
private:
    bool Cheakcapacity()
    {
        if (_HashBucket.size() == _size)
        {
            int newcapacity = GetCapacity(_size);
            HashTab<K, V, KeyToInt>   temp(newcapacity);
            Swap(temp);
            _capacity = newcapacity;
            return true;
        }
        return false;
    }
    void Swap( HashTab<K, V, KeyToInt>& s)
    {
        vector<pNode> temp;
        for (size_t i = 0; i < _size; ++i)
        {
            //s.InsertUnique((_HashBucket[i]->_val).first, (_HashBucket[i]->_val).second);
            s.InsertEqual((_HashBucket[i]->_val).first, (_HashBucket[i]->_val).second);
        }
        swap(_HashBucket, s._HashBucket);

    }
    int FunHash(const K& key)
    {
        int ret = KeyToInt()(key);
        return ret%_capacity;
    }

    vector<pNode> _HashBucket;
    size_t _size;
    size_t _capacity;
};

void  HashTabTest()
{
    /*HashTab<string, string>   HAT;
    HAT.InsertUnique("zhangsan", "zzzz");
    HAT.InsertUnique("lisi", "llll");
    HAT.InsertUnique("wangwu", "wwww");
    HAT.EraseUnique("lisi");
    HAT.EraseUnique("zhangsan");*/

    /*HashTab<string, string>   HAT;
    HAT.InsertEqual("zhangsan", "zzzz");
    HAT.InsertEqual("lisi", "llll");
    HAT.InsertEqual("zhangsan", "zzzz");
    HAT.InsertEqual("zhangsan", "zzzz");
    HAT.InsertEqual ("wangwu", "wwww");
    HAT.InsertEqual("lisi", "llll");
    HAT.EraseEqual ("lisi");
    HAT.EraseEqual("zhangsan");*/

    HashTab<int, int>   HAT;
    HAT.InsertEqual(11, 11);
    HAT.InsertEqual(12, 12);
    HAT.InsertEqual(11, 11);
    HAT.InsertEqual(11, 11);
    HAT.InsertEqual(13, 13);
    HAT.InsertEqual(12, 12);
    cout << (*(HAT.Find(11)).second).first<< endl;
    cout << (*(HAT.Find(14)).second).first << endl;;
    HashTab<int, int>::Iterator It = HAT.Begin();
    while (It != HAT.End())
    {
        cout << (*It).second << "  ";
        It++;
    }
    cout << endl;
    HAT.EraseEqual(12);
    HAT.EraseEqual(11);

    /*HashTab<int, int>::Iterator Its = HAT.Begin();
    while (Its != HAT.End())
    {
        cout << (*Its).second << "  ";
        Its++;
    }*/
}
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