Spring系列——@Import、ImportSelector接口

Spring注解之@Import

前言

大家使用的最多的给Spring注册组件的方式，大概是以下两种把。

• 包扫描+注解的方式(@Controller、@Service、@Reposity、@Comment)
• 使用@Configuration+@Bean的方式

这两种使用的区别:

• 第一种只能注册我们自己写的组件
• 而第二种可以注册第三方jar包里面的组件

接下来我来介绍第三种方式使用@Import来给Spring注册组件

@Import源码

/**
 * Indicates one or more <em>component classes</em> to import &mdash; typically
 * {@link Configuration @Configuration} classes.
 *
 * <p>Provides functionality equivalent to the {@code <import/>} element in Spring XML.
 * Allows for importing {@code @Configuration} classes, {@link ImportSelector} and
 * {@link ImportBeanDefinitionRegistrar} implementations, as well as regular component
 * classes (as of 4.2; analogous to {@link AnnotationConfigApplicationContext#register}).
 *
 * <p>{@code @Bean} definitions declared in imported {@code @Configuration} classes should be
 * accessed by using {@link org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.Autowired @Autowired}
 * injection. Either the bean itself can be autowired, or the configuration class instance
 * declaring the bean can be autowired. The latter approach allows for explicit, IDE-friendly
 * navigation between {@code @Configuration} class methods.
 *
 * <p>May be declared at the class level or as a meta-annotation.
 *
 * <p>If XML or other non-{@code @Configuration} bean definition resources need to be
 * imported, use the {@link ImportResource @ImportResource} annotation instead.
 *
 * @author Chris Beams
 * @author Juergen Hoeller
 * @since 3.0
 * @see Configuration
 * @see ImportSelector
 * @see ImportBeanDefinitionRegistrar
 * @see ImportResource
 */
@Target(ElementType.TYPE)
@Retention(RetentionPolicy.RUNTIME)
@Documented
public @interface Import {
   

	/**
	 * {@link Configuration @Configuration}, {@link ImportSelector},
	 * {@link ImportBeanDefinitionRegistrar}, or regular component classes to import.
	 */
	Class<?>[] value();

}

从源码中我们得知，这个注解是作用在类上面的并且注解能保留在运行期间。value属性的类型是Class
从注释中我们可以得知，@Import是为了提供与Xml配置中的import标签一样的功能，通过value属性注入组件，允许通过它引入 @Configuration 注解的类，引入ImportSelector接口，或者 ImportBeanDefinitionRegistrar进行注册组件。

@Improt实战

• Bean

package org.example.imports;

import lombok.AllArgsConstructor;
import lombok.Data;
import lombok.NoArgsConstructor;

@Data
@AllArgsConstructor
@NoArgsConstructor
public class Dog {
   
    private String name;
}

• 配置类

package org.example.imports;

import org.springframework.context.annotation.Configuration;
import org.springframework.context.annotation.Import;

@Import(