java技术：mq消息队列

菜鸟蹦迪

于 2024-05-30 13:24:45 发布

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分类专栏： Java 文章标签： java 前端开发语言

本文链接：https://blog.csdn.net/LanJieZhiFu/article/details/139321178

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三、利用配置文件配置后代码实现消息发送/接收

一、依赖

        <dependency>
            <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
            <artifactId>spring-boot-starter-amqp</artifactId>
        </dependency>

二、代码创建mq的消息发送/接收

发送：

package cn.itcast.mq.helloworld;

import com.rabbitmq.client.Channel;
import com.rabbitmq.client.Connection;
import com.rabbitmq.client.ConnectionFactory;
import org.junit.Test;

import java.io.IOException;
import java.util.concurrent.TimeoutException;

public class PublisherTest {
    @Test
    public void testSendMessage() throws IOException, TimeoutException {
        // 1.建立连接
        ConnectionFactory factory = new ConnectionFactory();
        // 1.1.设置连接参数，分别是：主机名、端口号、vhost、用户名、密码
        factory.setHost("192.168.150.101");
        factory.setPort(5672);
        factory.setVirtualHost("/");
        factory.setUsername("itcast");
        factory.setPassword("123321");
        // 1.2.建立连接
        Connection connection = factory.newConnection();

        // 2.创建通道Channel
        Channel channel = connection.createChannel();

        // 3.创建队列
        String queueName = "simple.queue";
        channel.queueDeclare(queueName, false, false, false, null);

        // 4.发送消息
        String message = "hello, rabbitmq!";
        channel.basicPublish("", queueName, null, message.getBytes());
        System.out.println("发送消息成功：【" + message + "】");

        // 5.关闭通道和连接
        channel.close();
        connection.close();

    }
}

接收:

package cn.itcast.mq.helloworld;

import com.rabbitmq.client.*;

import java.io.IOException;
import java.util.concurrent.TimeoutException;

public class ConsumerTest {

    public static void main(String[] args) throws IOException, TimeoutException {
        // 1.建立连接
        ConnectionFactory factory = new ConnectionFactory();
        // 1.1.设置连接参数，分别是：主机名、端口号、vhost、用户名、密码
        factory.setHost("192.168.150.101");
        factory.setPort(5672);
        factory.setVirtualHost("/");
        factory.setUsername("itcast");
        factory.setPassword("123321");
        // 1.2.建立连接
        Connection connection = factory.newConnection();

        // 2.创建通道Channel
        Channel channel = connection.createChannel();

        // 3.创建队列
        String queueName = "simple.queue";
        channel.queueDeclare(queueName, false, false, false, null);

        // 4.订阅消息
        channel.basicConsume(queueName, true, new DefaultConsumer(channel){
            @Override
            public void handleDelivery(String consumerTag, Envelope envelope,
                                       AMQP.BasicProperties properties, byte[] body) throws IOException {
                // 5.处理消息
                String message = new String(body);
                System.out.println("接收到消息：【" + message + "】");
            }
        });
        System.out.println("等待接收消息。。。。");
    }
}

三、利用配置文件配置后代码实现消息发送/接收

配置

spring:
  rabbitmq:
    host: 192.168.101.134 # 主机名
    port: 5672 # 端口
    virtual-host: / # 虚拟主机
    username: itcast # 用户名
    password: 123321 # 密码

发送：

package cn.itcast.mq.spring;

import org.junit.Test;
import org.junit.runner.RunWith;
import org.springframework.amqp.rabbit.core.RabbitTemplate;
import org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.Autowired;
import org.springframework.boot.test.context.SpringBootTest;
import org.springframework.test.context.junit4.SpringRunner;

@RunWith(SpringRunner.class)
@SpringBootTest
public class SpringAmqpTest {

    @Autowired
    private RabbitTemplate rabbitTemplate;

    @Test
    public void testSimpleQueue() {
        // 队列名称
        String queueName = "simple.queue";
        // 消息
        String message = "hello, spring amqp!";
        // 发送消息
        rabbitTemplate.convertAndSend(queueName, message);
    }
}

接收：

package cn.itcast.mq.listener;

import org.springframework.amqp.rabbit.annotation.RabbitListener;
import org.springframework.stereotype.Component;

@Component
public class SpringRabbitListener {

    @RabbitListener(queues = "simple.queue")
    public void listenSimpleQueueMessage(String msg) throws InterruptedException {
        System.out.println("spring 消费者接收到消息：【" + msg + "】");
    }
}

或

@Component
public class SpringRabbitListener {

        @RabbitListener(queues = "simple.queue")
    public void listenSimpleQueueMessage(String msg) throws InterruptedException {
        System.out.println("spring 消费者接收到消息：【" + msg + "】");
    }
}

ps:上述的发送接收前提是创建好了队列

创建队列

@Configuration
public class FanoutConfig {
    /**
     * 第1个队列
     */
    @Bean
    public Queue fanoutQueue1(){
        return new Queue("simple.queue");
    }

}

四、常见的exchange类型

Fanout

@Configuration
public class FanoutConfig {
    /**
     * 声明交换机
     * @return Fanout类型交换机
     */
    @Bean
    public FanoutExchange fanoutExchange(){
        return new FanoutExchange("itcast.fanout");
    }

    /**
     * 第1个队列
     */
    @Bean
    public Queue fanoutQueue1(){
        return new Queue("fanout.queue1");
    }

    /**
     * 绑定队列和交换机
     */
    @Bean
    public Binding bindingQueue1(Queue fanoutQueue1, FanoutExchange fanoutExchange){
        return BindingBuilder.bind(fanoutQueue1).to(fanoutExchange);
    }

    /**
     * 第2个队列
     */
    @Bean
    public Queue fanoutQueue2(){
        return new Queue("fanout.queue2");
    }

    /**
     * 绑定队列和交换机
     */
    @Bean
    public Binding bindingQueue2(Queue fanoutQueue2, FanoutExchange fanoutExchange){
        return BindingBuilder.bind(fanoutQueue2).to(fanoutExchange);
    }
}

ps：创建交换机同时绑定队列

发送方将消息发送至交换机(其他三种都是如此发送)

接收方只需要接收相应的队列（区别于其他两种）

发送消息：（后面两种一样，设置相应交换机即可）只是key不同这个为" "

@SpringBootTest
public class BindingExchange {
    @Autowired
    RabbitTemplate rabbitTemplate;

    //    @Test
//    void testFanoutExchange(){
//        for (int i = 0; i < 100; i++) {
//            String exchangeName="itcast.fanout";
//            String message="hello everybody"+(i+1);
//            rabbitTemplate.convertAndSend(exchangeName,"",message);
//        }
//    }
    @Test
    public void testFanoutExchange() {
        // 队列名称
        String exchangeName = "itcast.fanout";
        // 消息
        String message = "hello, everyone!";
        rabbitTemplate.convertAndSend(exchangeName, "", message);
        System.out.println("发送成功");
    }
}

接收消息：

@Component
public class SpringRabbitListener {

    @RabbitListener(queues = "fanout.queue1")
    public void listenFanoutQueue1(String msg) {
        System.out.println("消费者1接收到Fanout消息：【" + msg + "】");
    }

    @RabbitListener(queues = "fanout.queue2")
    public void listenFanoutQueue2(String msg) {
        System.out.println("消费者2接收到Fanout消息：【" + msg + "】");
    }
}

Direct

接收消息：给交换机设置不同的属性blue，yellow 。发送消息时也设置属性key

 @RabbitListener(
            bindings=@QueueBinding(
                    value = @Queue(name = "direct.queue1"),
                    exchange = @Exchange(name = "itcast.direct",type = ExchangeTypes.DIRECT),
                    key = {"red","blue"}
            )
    )
    public void listenDirectQueue1(String msg) {
        System.out.println("消费者接收到direct1消息：【" + msg + "】");
    }

Topic

接收消息：给交换机设置不同的属性通配符。发送消息时也设置属性key

@RabbitListener(bindings = @QueueBinding(
    value = @Queue(name = "topic.queue1"),
    exchange = @Exchange(name = "itcast.topic", type = ExchangeTypes.TOPIC),
    key = "china.#"
))
public void listenTopicQueue1(String msg){
    System.out.println("消费者接收到topic.queue1的消息：【" + msg + "】");
}

ps：direct和topic消息接收器就type不同

可以理解成接收器仍然是接收队列只是将队列和相应的交换机绑定起来,同时给交换机设置属性。