继承中的访问级别

继承中的访问级别

1、值得思考的问题

子类是否可以直接访问父类的私有成员？

2、思考过程

//44-1.cpp
#include<iostream>
#include<string>

using namespace std;

class Parent
{
private:
    int mv;
public:
    Parent()
    {
        mv = 100;
    }
    int value()
    {
        return mv;
    }
};

class Child : public Parent
{
public:
    int addValue(int v)
    {
        mv = mv + v;//???如何访问父类的非公共成员
    }
};


int main()
{

    return 0;
}

3、继承中的访问级别

• 面向对象中的方位级别不只是public和privat
• 可以定义protected访问级别
• 关键字protected的意义
  • 修饰的成员不能被外界直接访问
  • 修饰的成员可以直接被子类直接访问

//44-2.cpp
#include<iostream>
#include<string>

using namespace std;

class Parent
{
protected:
    int mv;
public:
    Parent()
    {
        mv = 100;
    }
    int value()
    {
        return mv;
    }
};

class Child : public Parent
{
public:
    int addValue(int v)
    {
        mv = mv + v;
    }
};


int main()
{
    Parent p;

    cout << "p.vm = " << p.value() << endl;

    //p.mv = 10;      //err

    Child c;

    cout << "c.vm = " << c.value() << endl;
    c.addValue(50);
    cout << "c.vm = " << c.value() << endl;

    //c.mv = 1000;    //err

    return 0;
}

4、思考

为什么面向对象中需要protected？

5、定义类时访问级别的选择

6、组合与继承的综合实例

//44-3.cpp
#include<iostream>
#include<string>
#include<sstream>

using namespace std;

class Object
{
protected:
    string mName;
    string mInfo;
public:
    Object()
    {
        mName = "object";
        mInfo = "";
    }   
    string name()
    {
        return mName;
    } 
    string info()
    {
        return mInfo;
    }
};

class Point : public Object
{
private:
    int mX;
    int mY;
public:
    Point(int x = 0, int y = 0)
    {
        ostringstream s;
        mX = x;
        mY = y;
        mName = "Point";

        s << "P(" << mX << "," << mY << ")";

        mInfo = s.str();
    }
    int x()
    {
        return mX;
    }
    int y()
    {
        return mY;
    }
};

class Line : public Object
{
private:
    Point mP1;
    Point mP2;
public:
    Line(Point p1, Point p2)
    {
        ostringstream s;

        mP1 = p1;
        mP2 = p2; 
        mName = "Line";

        s << "Line from " << mP1.info() << " to " << mP2.info();

        mInfo = s.str();
    }
};


int main()
{
    Object o;
    Point p(1, 2);
    Point pn(5, 6);
    
    Line l(p, pn);

    cout << o.name() << endl;
    cout << o.info() << endl;

    cout << p.name() << endl;
    cout << p.info() << endl;

    cout << l.name() << endl;
    cout << l.info() << endl;

    return 0;
}

7、小结

• 面向对象中的访问级别不只是public和private
• protected修饰的成员不能被外界所访问
• protected使得子类能够访问父类的成员
• protected关键字是为了继承而专门设计的
• 没有protected就无法完成真正意义上的代码复用