java之多态

1、多态（Polymorphism）:我们说子类就是父类（玫瑰是花），多态的意思是：父类型的引用可以指向子类的对象。

public class PolyTest

{

public static void main(String[]args)

{

Flower rose = new Rose();   //多态，因为子类就是父类

rose.sing();

}

}

class Flower

{

public void sing()

{

System.out.println("sing");

}

}

class Rose extends Flower

{

}

2、多态：父类型的引用可以指向子类型的引用

例：

public class PolyTest

{

public static void main(String[] args)

{

Parent parent = new Parent();

parent.sing();

}

}

class Parent

{

public void sing()

{

System.out.println("parent is sing");

}

}

class Child extends Parent

{

public void sing()

{

System.out.println("child is sing");      //子类重写父类的方法

}

}

运行结果：

parent is sing

public static void main(String[] args)

{

//Parent parent = new Parent();

//parent.sing();

Parent p  =new Child();      //父类型的引用指向子类型的引用,p是Parent 类型的，说明sing方法必须在父类中出现

p.sing();                                  //指向谁就会调用谁的方法

}

运行结果为：

child is sing

3、Parent p = new Child();当使用多态方式调用方法时，首先检查父类中是否有sing（）方法，如果没有有则编译错误；如果有，再去调用子类的sing()方法。

public class polyTest2

{

public static void main(String[] args)

{

Animal a = new Dog();

Dog dog = (Dog) a;                   //向下类型转换

dog.sing();

}

}

class Animal

{

public void sing()

{

System.out.println("animal is sing");

}

}

class Dog extends Animal

{

public void sing()

{

System.out.println("dog is sing");

}

}

class Cat extends Animal

{

public void sing()

{

System.out.println("cat is sing");

}

}

4、一共有两种类型的强制类型转换：

a)向上类型转换（upcast）：比如说将Cat类型转换为Animal类型，即将子类转换为父类型，对于向上类型转换，不需要显式指定。

Cat cat = new Cat();

Animal animal = cat;             //向上类型转换不需要强制类型转换，Animal animal = (Cat) cat;

animal.sing();

b)向下类型转换（downcast），比如将Animal类型转换为Cat类型。即将父类型转换为子类型。对于向下类型转换，必须要显式指定（必须要使用强制类型转换）。

Animal a = new Cat();

Cat cat = (Cat) a;

cat.sing();

代码举例：

public class PolyTest3

{

public static void main()

{

Fruit f = new Pear();

f.run();

}

}

class Fruit

{

public void run()

{

System.out.println("fruit is running");

}

}

class Pear extends Fruit

{

public void run()

{

System.out.println("pear is running");

}

}

运行结果

pear is running

public static void main(String[] args)

{

pear p  = (Pear)f;

p.run();

}

运行结果：

pear is running

代码示例：

public class PolyTest5
{
/*
public void run(BMW bmw)
{
bmw.run();
}
public void run(QQ qq)
{
qq.run();
}
*/
public void run(Car car)
{
car.run();
}
public static void main(String[] args)
{
/*
PolyTest5 test = new PolyTest5();
BMW bmw = new BMW();
test.run(bmw);
QQ qq = new QQ();
test.run(qq);

BMW bmw = new BMW();
bmw.run();
QQ qq = new QQ();
qq.run();
*/
                   PolyTest5 test = new PolyTest5();
/*
BMW bmw = new BMW();
Car car = bmw;
*/
                    Car car = new BMW();
                    test.run(car);
                    QQ qq = new QQ();
/*
Car car = qq;
car.run();
*/
                   test.run(qq);          // 向上类型转换
}
}
class Car
{
public void run()
{
System.out.println("car is running");
}
}
class BMW extends Car
{
public void run()
{
System.out.println("BMW is running");
}
}
class QQ extends Car
{
public void run()
{
System.out.println("QQ is running");
}
}

运行结果：

BMW is running
QQ is running