LeetCode #405 - Convert a Number to Hexadecimal

题目描述：

Given an integer, write an algorithm to convert it to hexadecimal. For negative integer, two’s complement method is used.

Note:

1. All letters in hexadecimal (a-f) must be in lowercase.
2. The hexadecimal string must not contain extra leading 0s. If the number is zero, it is represented by a single zero character '0'; otherwise, the first character in the hexadecimal string will not be the zero character.
3. The given number is guaranteed to fit within the range of a 32-bit signed integer.
4. You must not use any method provided by the library which converts/formats the number to hex directly.

Example 1:

Input:26

Output:"1a"

Example 2:

Input:-1

Output:"ffffffff"

将int数转化为十六进制，如果只有正数就比较简单，而对于负数，计算机使用补码进行存储，也就是负数的原码求反码再加一，求原码直接取相反数，求补码和0xFFFFFFFF求异或即可。

class Solution {
public:
    string toHex(int num) {
        if(num==0) return "0";
        string hexChar="0123456789abcdef";
        unsigned int x;
        unsigned int mask=0xFFFFFFFF;
        if(num<0) x=((-num)^mask)+1;
        else x=num;
        
        string result;
        while(x>0)
        {
            result=hexChar[x%16]+result;
            x/=16;
        }
        return result;
    }
};