关于fedroa下安全地卸载和重装python

卸载python

卸载python3.6及其所有依赖。如需卸载其它系统程序，也可使用如下命令，如卸载dnf或者yum，卸载完成后重新键入dnf或者yum即可。（本人就是卸载python失误后，dnf和yum全部失效的受害者T_T，折腾了好半天才修复，千万不要乱删系统环境的python，由于高版本的dnf和yum依赖于python环境，所以删除python一定要用下面的方法，不然会很麻烦。）

[root@cvallis rpm]# rpm -qa python3  # 查看python
[root@cvallis rpm]# rpm -qa | grep python3 | xargs rpm -e --nodeps  #这一步一定要执行，而且要将所有的组件卸载掉，如果卸载不干净，后面安装会有问题

安装python

在命令行中键入python3.7，系统会提示安装

[root@cvallis rpm]# python3.7
bash: python3.7: command not found...
Install package 'python37' to provide command 'python3.7'? [N/y] y


 * Waiting in queue... 
The following packages have to be installed:
 python37-3.7.0-1.fc28.x86_64   Version 3.7 of the Python interpreter
 tk-1:8.6.8-1.fc28.x86_64   The graphical toolkit for the Tcl scripting language
Proceed with changes? [N/y] y


 * Waiting in queue... 
 * Waiting for authentication... 
 * Waiting in queue... 
 * Downloading packages... 
 * Requesting data... 
 * Testing changes... 
 * Installing packages... 

设为默认python

[root@cvallis Downloads]# rm -rf /usr/bin/python
[root@cvallis Downloads]# ln -s /usr/bin/python3.7 /usr/bin/python

安装setuptools

源码安装：
需要先下载setuptools源码，然后cd进去。[setuptools下载链接]

[root@cvallis Downloads]# cd setuptools-40.0.0/
[root@cvallis Downloads]# python setup.py build
[root@cvallis Downloads]# python setup.py install

如果提示如下报错，就建立提示路径/usr/local/lib/python3.7/site-packages

[root@cvallis setuptools-40.0.0]# python setup.py install
running install
error: can't create or remove files in install directory

The following error occurred while trying to add or remove files in the
installation directory:

    [Errno 2] No such file or directory: '/usr/local/lib/python3.7/site-packages/test-easy-install-22777.write-test'

The installation directory you specified (via --install-dir, --prefix, or
the distutils default setting) was:

    /usr/local/lib/python3.7/site-packages/

安装pip

需要先下载pip源码，然后cid进去。[pip源码下载连接]

[lay@cvallis pip-8.0.2]# sudo python setup.py bulid
[lay@cvallis pip-8.0.2]# sudo python setup.py install

升级一下pip

[lay@cvallis pip-8.0.2]# pip install --upgrade pip

安装系统rpm包

163镜像源[fedroa28 workstation]
–replacepkgs 重新安装
–force 强制安装
–nodeps 忽略依赖关系：副作用：安装成功，但未必能够成功运行

[lay@cvallis pip-8.0.2]# rpm -ivh dnf-2.7.5-12.fc28.noarch.rpm 

也可将现在好的rpm包放入新建文件夹，如rpm文件夹，然后使用下面命令，即安装以dnf-开头的文件（正则表达式而以）

[lay@cvallis rpm]# rpm -ivh dnf-*