分区方便于数据恢复,fdisk -l查看硬盘,表示真实存在,检测硬件信息
vda第一个虚拟磁盘
vdb第二个虚拟磁盘
–IDE表示老式硬盘(并口硬盘)
/dev/sda表示第一块串口硬盘,a表示第一块
硬盘名字sata
/dev/hd0串口硬盘
/dev/cdrom /dev/sr0表示光驱,cdrom为sro的快捷方式,cdrom可以不存在
/dev/mapper
cat /proc/partitions 查看系统识别的设备
blkid查看系统里面可以使用的设备
df查看系统正在使用的设备
df <= blkid < cat /proc/partitions < fdisk -l
df -h 代表2的n次方,数小准确,1024
df -H 代表10的n次方 1000
一·卸载挂载U盘
打开两个shell:
在第一个shell超级用户:
[root@foundation71 ~]# df ##查看系统正在使用的设备
Filesystem 1K-blocks Used Available Use% Mounted on
/dev/sda10 104687676 37537832 67149844 36% /
devtmpfs 1610392 0 1610392 0% /dev
tmpfs 1622996 92 1622904 1% /dev/shm
tmpfs 1622996 8996 1614000 1% /run
tmpfs 1622996 0 1622996 0% /sys/fs/cgroup
/dev/sda8 505580 147456 358124 30% /boot
/dev/loop0 3654720 3654720 0 100% /var/www/html/source7.0
/dev/loop1 3947824 3947824 0 100% /var/www/html/source7.2
tmpfs 324600 8 324592 1% /run/user/1000
/dev/sdb1 31477552 8148180 23329372 26% /run/media/kiosk/00A4-2CBF ##识别出u盘
[root@foundation71 ~]# umount /dev/sdb1 ##卸载
[root@foundation71 ~]# mount /dev/sdb1
mount: can't find /dev/sdb1 in /etc/fstab
[root@foundation71 ~]# mount /dev/sdb1 /mnt/ ##挂载到/mnt/下
[root@foundation71 ~]# cd /mnt/
[root@foundation71 mnt]# fdisk -l ##查看真实存在的硬盘
Disk /dev/sda: 500.1 GB, 500107862016 bytes, 976773168 sectors
Units = sectors of 1 * 512 = 512 bytes
Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 4096 bytes
I/O size (minimum/optimal): 4096 bytes / 4096 bytes
Disk label type: dos
Disk identifier: 0xcf3c9040
Device Boot Start End Blocks Id System
/dev/sda1 * 2048 104861695 52429824 7 HPFS/NTFS/exFAT
/dev/sda2 104861696 976773119 435955712 f W95 Ext'd (LBA)
/dev/sda5 104863744 322969599 109052928 7 HPFS/NTFS/exFAT
/dev/sda6 322971648 541077503 109052928 7 HPFS/NTFS/exFAT
/dev/sda7 541079552 759185407 109052928 7 HPFS/NTFS/exFAT
/dev/sda8 759187456 760211455 512000 83 Linux
/dev/sda9 760213504 767293439 3539968 82 Linux swap / Solaris
/dev/sda10 767295488 976773119 104738816 83 Linux
Disk /dev/sdb: 32.3 GB, 32296140800 bytes, 63078400 sectors
Units = sectors of 1 * 512 = 512 bytes
Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
I/O size (minimum/optimal): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
Disk label type: dos
Disk identifier: 0x00a42cbf
Device Boot Start End Blocks Id System
/dev/sdb1 * 64 63078399 31539168 b W95 FAT32
在第二个shell超级用户:
[root@foundation71 ~]# umount /mnt/ ##直接卸载是不能的
umount: /mnt: target is busy.
(In some cases useful info about processes that use
the device is found by lsof(8) or fuser(1)) ##两种查看方式
[root@foundation71 ~]# fuser -vm /dev/sdb1 ##查看后台的PID
USER PID ACCESS COMMAND
/dev/sdb1: root kernel mount /mnt
root 3479 ..c.. bash
[root@foundation71 ~]# fuser -kvm /dev/sdb1 ##杀死后台
USER PID ACCESS COMMAND
/dev/sdb1: root kernel mount /mnt
root 3479 ..c.. bash
[root@foundation71 ~]# umount /mnt/ ##卸载成功(卸载成功后在第一个shell中出 会自动出现一个Killd)
[root@foundation71 ~]#
第二个shell
第一个shell
mount -o添加参数进行挂载
[root@foundation71 ~]# mount -o ro /dev/sdb1 /mnt/
ro:不能建立文件只读
[root@foundation71 ~]# df
Filesystem 1K-blocks Used Available Use% Mounted on
/dev/sda10 104687676 37523984 67163692 36% /
devtmpfs 1610392 0 1610392 0% /dev
tmpfs 1622996 152 1622844 1% /dev/shm
tmpfs 1622996