Linux:U盘卸载挂载、系统分区管理

分区方便于数据恢复，fdisk -l查看硬盘，表示真实存在，检测硬件信息
vda第一个虚拟磁盘
vdb第二个虚拟磁盘
–IDE表示老式硬盘（并口硬盘）
/dev/sda表示第一块串口硬盘,a表示第一块
硬盘名字sata
/dev/hd0串口硬盘
/dev/cdrom /dev/sr0表示光驱,cdrom为sro的快捷方式,cdrom可以不存在
/dev/mapper
cat /proc/partitions 查看系统识别的设备
blkid查看系统里面可以使用的设备
df查看系统正在使用的设备
df <= blkid < cat /proc/partitions < fdisk -l
df -h 代表2的n次方，数小准确，1024
df -H 代表10的n次方 1000

一·卸载挂载U盘

打开两个shell:
在第一个shell超级用户：

[root@foundation71 ~]# df          ##查看系统正在使用的设备
Filesystem     1K-blocks     Used Available Use% Mounted on
/dev/sda10     104687676 37537832  67149844  36% /
devtmpfs         1610392        0   1610392   0% /dev
tmpfs            1622996       92   1622904   1% /dev/shm
tmpfs            1622996     8996   1614000   1% /run
tmpfs            1622996        0   1622996   0% /sys/fs/cgroup
/dev/sda8         505580   147456    358124  30% /boot
/dev/loop0       3654720  3654720         0 100% /var/www/html/source7.0
/dev/loop1       3947824  3947824         0 100% /var/www/html/source7.2
tmpfs             324600        8    324592   1% /run/user/1000
/dev/sdb1       31477552  8148180  23329372  26% /run/media/kiosk/00A4-2CBF     ##识别出u盘
[root@foundation71 ~]# umount /dev/sdb1    ##卸载
[root@foundation71 ~]# mount /dev/sdb1
mount: can't find /dev/sdb1 in /etc/fstab
[root@foundation71 ~]# mount /dev/sdb1  /mnt/  ##挂载到/mnt/下
[root@foundation71 ~]# cd  /mnt/   
[root@foundation71 mnt]# fdisk -l    ##查看真实存在的硬盘

Disk /dev/sda: 500.1 GB, 500107862016 bytes, 976773168 sectors
Units = sectors of 1 * 512 = 512 bytes
Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 4096 bytes
I/O size (minimum/optimal): 4096 bytes / 4096 bytes
Disk label type: dos
Disk identifier: 0xcf3c9040

   Device Boot      Start         End      Blocks   Id  System
/dev/sda1   *        2048   104861695    52429824    7  HPFS/NTFS/exFAT
/dev/sda2       104861696   976773119   435955712    f  W95 Ext'd (LBA)
/dev/sda5       104863744   322969599   109052928    7  HPFS/NTFS/exFAT
/dev/sda6       322971648   541077503   109052928    7  HPFS/NTFS/exFAT
/dev/sda7       541079552   759185407   109052928    7  HPFS/NTFS/exFAT
/dev/sda8       759187456   760211455      512000   83  Linux
/dev/sda9       760213504   767293439     3539968   82  Linux swap / Solaris
/dev/sda10      767295488   976773119   104738816   83  Linux

Disk /dev/sdb: 32.3 GB, 32296140800 bytes, 63078400 sectors
Units = sectors of 1 * 512 = 512 bytes
Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
I/O size (minimum/optimal): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
Disk label type: dos
Disk identifier: 0x00a42cbf

   Device Boot      Start         End      Blocks   Id  System
/dev/sdb1   *          64    63078399    31539168    b  W95 FAT32

在第二个shell超级用户：

[root@foundation71 ~]# umount  /mnt/    ##直接卸载是不能的
umount: /mnt: target is busy.
        (In some cases useful info about processes that use
         the device is found by lsof(8) or fuser(1))  ##两种查看方式
[root@foundation71 ~]# fuser -vm /dev/sdb1   ##查看后台的PID
                     USER        PID ACCESS COMMAND
/dev/sdb1:           root     kernel mount /mnt
                     root       3479 ..c.. bash
[root@foundation71 ~]# fuser -kvm /dev/sdb1   ##杀死后台
                     USER        PID ACCESS COMMAND
/dev/sdb1:           root     kernel mount /mnt
                     root       3479 ..c.. bash
[root@foundation71 ~]# umount  /mnt/    ##卸载成功（卸载成功后在第一个shell中出 会自动出现一个Killd）
[root@foundation71 ~]# 

第二个shell

第一个shell

mount -o添加参数进行挂载

[root@foundation71 ~]# mount  -o  ro  /dev/sdb1  /mnt/
ro：不能建立文件只读
[root@foundation71 ~]# df
Filesystem     1K-blocks     Used Available Use% Mounted on
/dev/sda10     104687676 37523984  67163692  36% /
devtmpfs         1610392        0   1610392   0% /dev
tmpfs            1622996      152   1622844   1% /dev/shm
tmpfs            1622996