第八章 Core Animation1 8.1 Core Animation入门 Core Animation(或者叫Quartz Core)是一个Objective-C类库，内建于IOS媒体层中_file system dandbox blocked mmap()-CSDN博客

8.1 Core Animation入门

Core Animation(或者叫Quartz Core)是一个Objective-C类库，内建于IOS媒体层中，是所有动画的后台支柱。
与Core Animation并不局限于二维平面，而是可以用于三维变换。
Core Animation的许多层面已经内置与UIKit的基本操作中了,如UIViewController的切换动画,UIView的属性(如透明度，位置等)都可轻松的用动画方式改变。

可以使用UIKit动画的UIView属性：

如果直接使用Core Animation需要使用

8.2 通过UIKit使用Core Animation

通过动画上下文使用UIKit动画

 //1.设置UIView初始条件
 UIView *box=[[UIView alloc]initWithFrame:CGRectMake(0, 0, 20, 20)];
 //2.启动动画上下文，并配置上下文参数
 [UIView beginAnimations:@"box-animation" context:nil];
 [UIView setAnimationDuration:1.];
     //3.对UIView属性修改
     box.frame=CGRectMake(0, 0, 20, 20);
     box.backgroundColor=[UIColor greenColor];
 //4.提交动画
 [UIView commitAnimations];

通过动画代码块使用UIKit动画

 [UIView animateWithDuration:1
    delay:0
    options:UIViewAnimationOptionCurveLinear
    animations:^(void){
          box.backgroundColor = [UIColor redColor];
     Core aniMation using uikit 199
   box.frame = CGRectMake(50, 50, 100, 100);
   box.alpha = .5;

   }
   completion:^(BOOL finished){
    //Add additional code
    NSLog(@”Animation Finished”);

    }];

8.3 理解自定义Core Animation效果

Core Animation图层
CALayer,每个UIView都有一个CALaer属性，作为该视图底层表达形式。
使用CALayer的属性做成动画，有些是UIKit中没有的，如旋转的锚点、圆角半径、掩码图层、阴影。
隐式动画和显式动画
一个CALayer包含了一个表现层和模型层。模型层存储必要的图层信息。表现层用于将模型数据显示在屏幕上没没，并做了相应优化。这样做可以提升性能，比如动画是持续变化如持续旋转，就用显式动画，因为不用修改模型层。
- 隐式动画：动画属性在模型层修改
- 显式动画：动画属性存在于表现层，模型层未变化，所以显式动画结束之后CALayer会回到动画开始前的状态。

Core Animation对象：
与UIKit动画实现的一个不同之处在于可以使用CoreAnimation类即CAAnimation，CAAnimation及其子类都是显式动画。

CABasicAnimation：图层基本属性，使用CAAnimationGroup加同时添加几个，组合动画。
CAKeyframeAnimation：图层基本属性

CATransition：整个图层。

  // Set up a basic animation for rotation on z axis (spinning)
  CABasicAnimation *spin = [CABasicAnimation          animationWithKeyPath:@"transform.rotation.z"];

  // Set the value of the spin to 2*pi, this is 1 complete rotation in radians
  spin.toValue = [NSNumber numberWithDouble:M_PI*2];

  // Sping for a really long time.....
  spin.repeatCount = 1e100;
  spin.duration = 1.5; // duration to animate a full revolution of 2*Pi radians.
  [box.layer addAnimation:spin forKey:@"transform"];
  //注意CAAnimation及其子类都是显式动画，所以如果要真正发生变化，需要加
  //self.layer.属性=````

8.4 Core Animation示例

关键帧动画
顾名思义，定义关键步骤

 CAKeyframeAnimation *animation = [CAKeyframeAnimation animation];

 //没有tovalue,而是一个数组，每个值都会被用作一个关键帧
 animation.values = [NSArray arrayWithObjects:
                 (id)box.layer.backgroundColor,//这是初始条件
                 (id)[UIColor yellowColor].CGColor,
                 (id)[UIColor greenColor].CGColor,
                 (id)[UIColor blueColor].CGColor,nil];
 animation.duration = 3;
 animation.autoreverses = YES;
 [box.layer addAnimation:animation forKey:@"backgroundColor"]; //注意这个key很重要   



  //沿着路径进行的动画
 CAKeyframeAnimation *animation = [CAKeyframeAnimation animation];
 CGMutablePathRef aPath = CGPathCreateMutable();
 CGPathMoveToPoint(aPath,nil,20,40);        //Origin Point
 CGPathAddCurveToPoint(aPath,nil, 160,30,   //Control Point 1
                              220,220,  //Control Point 2
                              240,380); // End Point
 animation.rotationMode = @"auto";//设置auto会沿着路径的切线旋转
 animation.path = aPath;
 animation.duration = 1;
 animation.timingFunction = [CAMediaTimingFunction 
                         functionWithName:kCAMediaTimingFunctionEaseIn];

 [ball.layer addAnimation:animation forKey:@"position"];
 CFRelease(aPath);

3D旋转

 //Step 1: 创建基本的y轴旋转Create basic y-axis rotation animation
 CABasicAnimation *flip = [CABasicAnimation 
                       animationWithKeyPath:@"transform.rotation.y"];
 flip.toValue = [NSNumber numberWithDouble:-M_PI];

 //Step 2: 创建基本的缩放reate Basic scale animation
 CABasicAnimation *scale = [CABasicAnimation 
                        animationWithKeyPath:@"transform.scale"];
 scale.toValue = [NSNumber numberWithDouble:.9];
 scale.duration = .5;
 scale.autoreverses = YES;

 //Step 3: 合成动画组合Combine scale and flip into 1 animation group
 CAAnimationGroup *group = [CAAnimationGroup animation];
 group.animations = [NSArray arrayWithObjects:flip, scale, nil];
 group.timingFunction = [CAMediaTimingFunction 
                     functionWithName:kCAMediaTimingFunctionEaseInEaseOut];
 group.duration = 1;
 group.fillMode = kCAFillModeForwards;
 group.removedOnCompletion = NO;

 //Step 4: 添加动画Add animation group to our layer
 [box.layer addAnimation:group forKey:@"flip"];



 //上面的例子不是真正的3D效果，而是用大小来模拟的，需要用到CATransform3D矩阵
 //Step 1: Create basic y-axis rotation animation
 CABasicAnimation *flip = [CABasicAnimation 
                       animationWithKeyPath:@"transform.rotation.y"];
 flip.toValue = [NSNumber numberWithDouble:-M_PI];
 flip.duration=1.5;

 //Step 2
 CATransform3D perspective=CATransform3DIdentity;
 perspective.m34=-1.0/500.0;//这个值为0无透视，为1则透视点在无限远处
 perspective=CATransform3DRotate(perspective, 0, 0, 1, 0);
 box.layer.transform=perspective;

 [box.layer addAnimation:flip forKey:@"flip"];